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Computer Basics
ABOUT THIS CLASS

This class is designed to provide a basic introduction to using a PC computer. Throughout the class, we will orient
ourselves to the basic layout and functions of a PC computer as well as create, edit, and save a document in an
organized folder system. It is impossible in the short time we have to become proficient in even just the basics of using a
PC computer, but it is my hope that this class will provide a good foundation for your future computer endeavors!

Course Objectives

By the end of this course, you will:

 Be familiar with basic computer hardware components, like the keyboard and mouse.
 Understand the difference between PCs and Macs (a.k.a. Operating Systems)
 Be oriented to the Desktop.
 Be familiar with windows.
 Be able to create, edit, and organize files and folders.
 Be familiar with some keyboard short cuts and right-click functions.
 Be able to Start up, Log-On, Log-off, and Shut Down the computer.

This booklet will serve as a guide as we progress through the class, but it can also be a valuable tool for when you are
working on your own. Any class instruction is only as effective as the time and effort you are willing to invest in it. I
encourage you to practice soon after we have completed the class. There will be additional computer classes in the near
future, and I am always available for questions during Tech Tuesdays and Thursdays (call to confirm the times) and by
appointment.

Remember that the library has many additional books and resources to help you. Never hesitate to ask any of the Sisson
Library staff to locate some computer resources for you.

Meg Wempe, Adult Services Librarian

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Computer Hardware
Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system.1 There are many physical
components to a computer, but for our purposes we want to get to know these:

System Unit or “CPU”: This hardware is what many people think of as the computer. Inside is the hard drive, which is
where all of your computer’s information is stored and saved. For most desktop computers, this unit is separate from
the other hardware components. For laptop computers, the unit is combined with the monitor (a.k.a. screen) and the
keyboard.

Keyboard: This part is a typewriter-style keyboard, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical
levers or electronic switches.3 Simply put: it is how you type on your computer.

Monitor: This piece is the computer screen.

Mouse: This part consists of an object held under one of the user's hands, with one or more buttons. It sometimes
features other elements, such as "wheels", which allow the user to perform various system-dependent operations, or

1
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware
2
From: http://www.warepin.com/basic-computer-hardware-components-2/
3
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard
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extra buttons or features that can add more control or dimensional input. The mouse's motion typically translates into
the motion of a pointer on a display,4 which is often called a cursor.

Power Source: This is what powers your computer and is plugged into a wall socket.

Peripherals: A computer peripheral is any external device that provides input and output for the computer. For example,
a keyboard and mouse are input peripherals, while a monitor and printer are output peripherals.5 It may also include an
external hard drive, a DVD player (if the computer or laptop doesn’t have one) and the like.

Operating System
Definition: An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide
common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a
computer system.6

PC (Microsoft) vs. Macintosh (Apple)

PC: Stands for Personal computer. PCs are what most of us use on a daily basis for work or personal use. A typical PC
includes a system unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Most PCs today also have a network or Internet connection, as
well as ports for connecting peripheral devices, such as digital cameras, printers, scanners, speakers, external hard
drives, and other components.

While PC stands for personal computer, the term can be a bit ambiguous. This uncertainty is because Macintosh
computers are often contrasted with PCs, even though Macs are also technically PCs. However, Apple itself has used the
term PC to refer to Windows-based machines, as opposed to its own computers, which are called Macs.7

Mac: The Macintosh, or Mac, is a series of personal computers (PC) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc.
Apple facilitates all aspects of its hardware and creates its own operating system that is pre-installed on all Mac

4
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mouse
5
From: http://www.techterms.com/definition/peripheral
6
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
7
From: http://www.techterms.com/definition/pc
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computers. This is in contrast to most IBM PC compatibles, where multiple sellers create and integrate hardware
intended to run another company's operating software. Apple exclusively produces Mac hardware, choosing internal
systems, designs, and prices.8

*** We are using a “PC” running the Windows 7 operating System ***

Turn On & Log-In

Turning on the computer: look for a button with this symbol:

On a laptop, the power button is usually located above the keyboard and below the screen:

10

On a desktop, the power button is located on the system unit:

8
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh
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Logging-In: Select your user profile and enter the password (if necessary).

12

User Profile User Profile

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From: http://di1-1.shoppingshadow.com/images/pi/34/6d/19/111669808-260x260-0-
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From: http://www.windows7hacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/image47.png
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Using a Mouse
Definition: This consists of an object held under one of the user's hands, with one or more buttons. It sometimes
features other elements, such as "wheels", which allow the user to perform various system-dependent operations, or
extra buttons or features that can add more control or dimensional input. The mouse's motion typically translates into
the motion of a pointer on a display,13 which is often called a cursor.

Left vs. Right Button

Most computer mice have at least two mouse buttons. When you press the left one, it is called a left click. When you
press the one on the right, it is called a right click. By default, the left button is the main mouse button, and is used for
common tasks such as selecting objects and double-clicking.

The right mouse button is often used to open contextual menus, which are pop-up menus that change depending
where you click. For example, if you right click on the desktop, you may see a menu pop up that includes "Change View
Options" and "Change Desktop Background." If you right click on a folder, the menu might include options such as
"Open" and "Properties." Certain programs, such as video games, may use the right click for other functions, but most
programs use the right click to open contextual menus.14

Single vs. Double Click

There’s not much logic in deciding whether you should click once or twice with your mouse. The more you use a
computer, the more you will come to know how best to click. That said, here are some rules of thumb for single vs.
double-clicking:

Rule #1: Don't double-click in a Web browser. Links, buttons, tabs, toolbar icons, and everything else you're likely to
encounter in your browser require one click and one click only. If you double-click, say, an e-mail address, you'll end up
with two mail windows.

Rule #2: Don't double-click the quick-launch program icons in your Windows taskbar (you know, the ones to the right of
the Start button). Part of what makes these "quick" is that they require only one click. In fact, don't double-click anything
in the taskbar.

13
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mouse
14
From: http://www.techterms.com/definition/rightclick (edited)
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Rule #3: Do double-click program icons on your desktop and files/folders you want to open. And that's it. You'll rarely
ever need to double-click anything else in Windows.15

There are mouse tutorials available online if you’d like to learn all the ins and outs of a mouse. One that be very helpful
and is in-depth comes from the Palm Beach County Library, and is found at http://www.pbclibrary.org/mousing/.

Computer Desktop (Windows 7)

Definition: A computer desktop consists of pictures, called icons, which show cabinets, files, folders, and various types
of documents (that is, letters, reports, pictures). You can arrange the icons on the electronic desktop just as you can
arrange real objects on a real desktop -- moving them around, putting one on top of another, reshuffling them, and
throwing them away.16 **Not to be confused with a desktop computer, which is a type of computer (desktop vs.
laptop).

15
From: http://www.pcworld.com/article/187271/raise_your_windows_iq_when_to_singleclick_when_to_doubleclick.html
16
From: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/desktop.html
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Task Bar

Icon: A desktop icon is a small picture or symbol on the desktop that represents a program, file, folder, or device.17 To
open a program, double-click on the icon.

Start Menu (or “Orb”): The Start Menu is the main gateway to your computer's programs, folders, and settings. It's
called a menu because it provides a list of choices, just as a restaurant menu does. And as "Start" implies, it's often the
place that you'll go to start or open things.

Use the Start menu to do these common activities:

 Start programs

 Open commonly used folders

 Search for files, folders, and programs

 Adjust computer settings

 Get help with the Windows operating system

 Turn off the computer

 Log off from Windows or switch to a different user account18

Taskbar: The Windows interface includes a special application desktop toolbar called the taskbar. You can use the
taskbar for such tasks as switching between open windows and starting new applications. The taskbar includes the
following:

 Start menu

 Quick Launch

17
From: http://www.linfo.org/icon.html
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From: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/The-Start-menu-overview
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 Taskbar buttons

 Toolbars (optional)

 Notification area (a.k.a “System Tray”)19

Window (or “Windows Explorer”): Windows Explorer is a file manager application that is included within the Microsoft
Windows operating system.20 Any time you wish to access a file, you will first open a Window.

You can change the size of windows as well as maximize (make the window bigger) and minimize (hide the menu).

To minimize the window click on this button in the upper-right corner of the window:

To maximize the window click on this button in the upper-right corner of the window:

To close the window, click on the X in the upper-right corner of the window:

19
From: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/cc144179(v=vs.85).aspx#tbnotify_About
20
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Explorer
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Files & Folders

Definition: A file system (or filesystem) is a means to organize data expected to be retained after a program terminates
by providing procedures to store, retrieve and update data, as well as manage the available space on the device(s) which
contain it. A file system organizes data in an efficient manner and is tuned to the specific characteristics of the device.
There is usually a tight coupling between the operating system and the file system. Some filesystems provide
mechanisms to control access to the data and metadata. Ensuring reliability is a major responsibility of a filesystem.21

Creating a Folder:

 Launch Windows Explorer:

 Double-click on the Documents library:

 Click on New Folder:

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From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem
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 Type the name of your folder and click enter:

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Saving a File to your new folder:

 Open Microsoft Word:

 Type a brief sentence:

 Save the file by clicking on File:

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 Then click Save As:

 Click Libraries:
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 Double-click on Documents library:

 Double-click on your new folder:

 Give your document a file name:

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 Then click Save.

Keyboard Shortcuts & Right-Click Functions

Keyboard Shortcuts: a keyboard shortcut is a finite set of one or more keys that invoke a software or operating system
operation when triggered by the user. A meaning of term "keyboard shortcut" can vary depending on software
manufacturer. 22

Some frequently used keyboard short-cuts:

22
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_shortcut
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 Save: Control-S

 Copy: Control-C

 Cut: Control-X

 Paste: Control-V

 Undo: Control-Z

There are also short-cuts using right-click (remember our definitions of left and right click on page 6). Some frequently
used right-click functions:

 right-click Copy

 right-click Cut

 right-click Paste

Note: We have a more detailed keyboard shortcuts handout available at the library and on our website.

Log-Off & Shut Down

When you are through with your computing session, you can log-off (which closes your programs but leaves the
computer running) or you can shut-down the computer (which turns it off completely).

To Log-Off, click on the Start Menu > the arrow next to Shut down > Log-Off:
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To Shut-Down, click on the Start Menu > Shut down: