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    Scaling in Boilers

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    mohamedkhalifeh
    Scaling in boilers occurs when impurities in boiler feed water precipitate out and form deposits on heat transfer surfaces inside the boiler. This interferes with heat transfer and can cause hot spots or overheating. Common contaminants that cause scaling include calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and silica. Different types of scale like calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silica have much lower thermal conductivity than the steel of the boiler, making them poor conductors of heat. If unchecked, scaling will progressively lower the boiler's efficiency and can eventually cause tubes to overheat and rupture.

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    Scaling in Boilers

    Uploaded by

    mohamedkhalifeh
    164 views1 page
    Scaling in boilers occurs when impurities in boiler feed water precipitate out and form deposits on heat transfer surfaces inside the boiler. This interferes with heat transfer and can cause hot spots or overheating. Common contaminants that cause scaling include calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and silica. Different types of scale like calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silica have much lower thermal conductivity than the steel of the boiler, making them poor conductors of heat. If unchecked, scaling will progressively lower the boiler's efficiency and can eventually cause tubes to overheat and rupture.

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    Scaling in Boilers

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    Scaling in boilers occurs when impurities in boiler feed water precipitate out and form deposits on heat transfer surfaces inside the boiler. This interferes with heat transfer and can cause hot spots or overheating. Common contaminants that cause scaling include calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and silica. Different types of scale like calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silica have much lower thermal conductivity than the steel of the boiler, making them poor conductors of heat. If unchecked, scaling will progressively lower the boiler's efficiency and can eventually cause tubes to overheat and rupture.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    164 views1 page

    Scaling in Boilers

    Uploaded by

    mohamedkhalifeh
    Scaling in boilers occurs when impurities in boiler feed water precipitate out and form deposits on heat transfer surfaces inside the boiler. This interferes with heat transfer and can cause hot spots or overheating. Common contaminants that cause scaling include calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and silica. Different types of scale like calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silica have much lower thermal conductivity than the steel of the boiler, making them poor conductors of heat. If unchecked, scaling will progressively lower the boiler's efficiency and can eventually cause tubes to overheat and rupture.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    Scaling in boilers - Lenntech http://www.lenntech.com/applications/process/boiler/scaling.

    htm

    Contact us: +31 152 610 900

    Home / Applications / Process water / Boiler feed water / Scaling

    Boiler scale is caused by impurities being precipitated out of the water directly on heat transfer surfaces or
    by suspended matter in water settling out on the metal and becoming hard and adherent. Evaporation in a
    boiler causes impurities to concentrate. This interferes with heat transfers and may cause hot spots.
    Leading to local overheating. Scaling mechanism is the exceeding of the solubility limits of mineral
    substances due to elevated temperature and solids concentration at the tube/water interface. The
    deposition of crystalline precipitates on the walls of the boiler interferes with heat transfer and may cause
    hot spots, leading to local overheating. The less heat they conduct, the more dangerous they are.

    Common feed water contaminants that can form boiler deposits include calcium, magnesium, iron,
    aluminum, and silica. Scale is formed by salts that have limited solubility but are not totally insoluble in
    boiler water. These salts reach the deposit site in a soluble form and precipitate.
    The values corresponding to their thermal conductivity are:

    Steel 15 kcal/m2.h per degree C


    CaSO4 1-2 kcal/m2.h per degree C
    CaCO3 0.5-1 kcal/m2.h per degree C
    SiO2 0.2-0.5 kcal/m2.h per degree C

    Scaling is mainly due to the presence of calcium and


    magnesium salts (carbonates or sulphates), which are less
    soluble hot than cold, or to the presence of too high
    concentration of silica in relation to the alkalinity of the
    water in the boiler.
    A carbonate deposit is usually granular and sometimes of
    a very porous nature. The crystals of calcium carbonate
    are large but usually are matted together with finely divided
    particles of other materials so that the scale looks dense
    and uniform. Dropping it in a solution of acid can easily
    identify a carbonate deposit. Bubbles of carbon dioxide will
    effervesce from the scale.
    A sulphate deposit is much harder and more dense than
    a carbonate deposit because the crystals are smaller and
    cement together tighter. A Sulphate deposit is brittle, does
    not pulverize easily, and does not effervesce when
    dropped into acid.
    A high silica deposit is very hard, resembling porcelain.
    The crystal of silica are extremely small, forming a very
    dense and impervious scale. This scale is extremely brittle
    and very difficult to pulverize. It is not soluble in
    hydrochloric acid and is usually very light coloured.
    Iron deposits, due either to corrosion or iron
    contamination in the water, are very dark coloured. Iron
    deposits in boilers are most often magnetic. They are
    soluble in hot acid giving a dark brown coloured solution.

    If unchecked, scaling causes progressive lowering of the boiler efficiency by heat retardation, acting as an
    insulator. Eventually, scale built-up will cause the tube to overheat and rupture.

    1 of 1 11/18/2016 08:21

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