PDD ProjectReport
PDD ProjectReport
PDD ProjectReport
ADVISOR
SQUADRON LEADER MUHAMMAD AKMAL SHABBIR
CO-ADVISOR
SQUADRON LEADER MOHSIN KHALIL
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction To Project 1
1.1 Project Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Proposal Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Scope of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Literature Background 3
2.1 SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) . . . . . . . 4
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) . . . . . . 5
Thermocouple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Semiconductor-based sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 HUMIDITY SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Capacitive Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Resistive Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 GSM WITH ARDUINO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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ii
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List of Figures
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List of Tables
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Chapter 1
Introduction To Project
In this project first of all temperature and humidity of a room (danger build-
ing)is measured and will transmit it to a server using a GSM, in order to
monitor these parameters in real time. This data should be displayed on a
screen in a monitoring room. In next phase of this project first phase could
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2
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Chapter 2
Literature Background
2.1 SENSOR
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4
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5
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the greatest accuracy, RTDs also tend to be the most expensive of tem-
perature sensors. [5]
Thermocouple
This temperature sensor type consists of two wires of different metals con-
nected at two points. The varying voltage between these two points re-
flects proportional changes in temperature. Thermocouples are non-linear,
requiring conversion when used for temperature control and compensa-
tion, typically accomplished using a lookup table. Accuracy is low, from
0.5◦ C to 5◦ C. However, they operate across the widest temperature range,
from -200◦ C to 1750◦ C. [4]
Semiconductor-based sensors
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A humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures and reports the rel-
ative humidity in the air. It therefore measures moisture. Relative humidity
is the ratio of actual moisture in the air to the highest amount of moisture
that can be held at that air temperature. The warmer the air temperature
is, the more moisture it can hold. Humidity / dew sensors use capacitive
measurement, which relies on electrical capacitance. Electrical capacity
is the ability of two nearby electrical conductors to create an electrical field
between them. The sensor is composed of two metal plates and contains
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Capacitive Sensors
Resistive Sensors
These sensors can measure the electrical change in devices such as con-
ductive polymers and treated substrates. They are suitable for use in resi-
dential and commercial environments.
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Chapter 3
Core aim of this project is to develop a system that can transmit real time
temperature and humidity. For this project sensors and its functions, pro-
gramming skills and how to integrate GSM with arduino should be under-
stood. For this project first of all optimised sensors are selected ,that is, of
temperature and humidity sensor, and then integrate it with arduino, then
use another arduino to integrate it with GSM module,and then to integrate
both arduino to send real time data to a screen.
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The time is divided with respect to the milestones as shown in the table:3.1.
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Bibliography
[1 ] https://www.engineersgarage.com
[2 ] https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoGSMShieldtoc1
[3 ] http://www.switches.co.za/different-types-humidity-sensors/
[4 ] https://www.ametherm.com/blog/thermistors/temperature-sensor-types
[5 ] https://en.wikipedia.org
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Advisor
Date: (AKMAL)
Date: Squadron Leader
Co-advisor
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Name:
MESHARI AL OUFI
Father’s Name:
Abd ur Rehman
CNIC:
1086870266
Current Address:
Room 18, Block 1, UTOs’ Mess, PAF Academy, Asghar Khan,
Risalpur
Permanent Address:
Taif city KSA
Academic Record:
SSC: 95 percent
HSSC: 96 percent
CGPA: 2.06/4.00
School:
Shafi school,Taif
College:
High school,Taif
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Name:
SULTAN AL ZAHRANI
Father’s Name:
Abdul Aziz
CNIC:
V493537
Current Address:
Room 20, Block 1, UTOs’ Mess, PAF Academy, Asghar Khan,
Risalpur
Permanent Address:
Al Baha city, KSA
Academic Record:
SSC: 96 percent
HSSC: 97 percent
CGPA: 1.93/4.00
School:
Al Nasba,school
College:
Al Nasba,college
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