SRM Institute of Science and Technology: 15Ee210L-Electrical Machines Lab-Ii
SRM Institute of Science and Technology: 15Ee210L-Electrical Machines Lab-Ii
RECORD
NAME :
REG.NO. :
KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT
SRM Institute of Science and Technology
(Deemed to be University)
S.R.M. NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR -603 203
KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Register No______________________________
Lab in-charge
b) Load test on three phase squirrel cage induction motor using open lab system
Average
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR
4. In what respect does a 1-phase Induction motor differ from a 3-phase Induction
motor?
AIM
To conduct open circuit, short circuit and load test on the given single phase induction
motor and to plot its performance characteristics.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
FORMULAE
Load test
2NT
4. Output power = (watts)
60
N- Speed in rpm
output power
5. % Efficiency (η) = x100
input power
W
6. Power factor, cos Φ=
VI
Ns N
7. % Slip, s = 100
Ns
120 f
NS = synchronous speed = (rpm)
P
P = no. of poles
f=frequency of supply (Hz)
No load test
R1= 1.5x Rdc
cos Ф = Wo / Vo Io
VAB = Io xo
xo = VAB /Io
X2
R1= 1.5*Rdc
Req = R1 + R2
R2 = Req - R1
Xeq=X1 + X2
X1 = X2
x2 = X2 / 2
r2= R2 / 2
Where VSC= Short circuit voltage volts
ISC= Short circuit current in amps
WSC= Short circuit power in watts
No load test
VAB = Io xo
| |
xo =
Load test
No load test
1. Initially DPST Switch is kept open.
2. Auto transformer is kept at minimum potential position.
3. The machines must be started on no load.
MODEL GRAPH
TABULAR COLUMN
No load test
V0 I0 W0
(volts) (amps) (watts)
MF OBS ACT
Load test
Voltage Current Speed Wattmeter Spring balance Torque Output Power % efficiency %Slip(s)
V I N reading readings (Kg) (T) Power factor (η)
(volts ) Amps (rpm) (watts) S1 S2 S1~S2 (watts) (cos Φ)
N-m
OBS ACT
T
230/(0-270) V
230V,
S V (0-300)V
50Hz 1
AC W MI
Supply I
T
C M2
H
Rotor
Brake Drum
N
Link S1 S2
Load test
No load test
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. The motor is kept at no load condition.
3. The DPST switch is closed
4. By adjusting the 1Φ auto transformer the machine is brought to rated voltage.
5. The ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter readings are noted down.
RESULT
POST LAB QUESTIONS
5. Why is the starting torque of a capacitor start induction motor high, when compared
to that of a split phase induction motor?
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR
PRELAB QUESTIONS
5. How can the direction of rotation of the 3-φ induction motor be reversed?
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR
AIM
To conduct open circuit, short circuit and load test on the given three phase induction
motor squirrel cage induction motor and to plot its performance characteristics.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
FORMULAE
Load test
Ns N
7. %Slip, s = 100
Ns
120 f
NS = synchronous speed = (rpm)
P
P = no. of poles
f=frequency of supply (Hz)
No load test
W0
Cos Φ0 =
3 V0 I 0
V0 ( ph ) V0
Ro= = Ω
Iw 3 Iw
V0( ph) V0
Xo= = Ω
I 3 I
V
ISN = I SC
VSC
2
I
WSN= Wsc SN (watts)
I SC
WSC
Cos Φsc =
3 Vsc Isc
R2’ = R01/ 2 Ω
1 s
RL’ = R2’ Ω
s
Where
PRECAUTIONS
Load test
PROCEDURE
Load test
No load test
FUSE CALCULATION:
1.25x4.5= 10A
TABULAR COLUMN
Load test
V0 I0 W1 W2 W0
(volts) (amps) (watts) (watts) (watts)
MODEL GRAPH
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
R01 X01
I1’
P
’
Io
𝑅2 (1/𝑠−1)
V1 RL’=
𝐾2
Ro Xo
N
CIRCLE DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CIRCLE DIAGRAM
By using the data obtained from the no load test and the blocked rotor test, the circle
diagram can be drawn using the following steps:
Power Scale: As AD represents WSN i.e., power input on short circuit at normal voltage, the
power scale can be obtained as
WSN
Power scale = W / cm
( BE )
(BE) = Distance BE in cm
Location of point E (slip ring induction motor)
I
K = 1 = transformation ratio
I2
2
AE Rotor copper loss I 22 R2 R2 I 2
EF stator copper loss I 12 R1 R1 I 1
R2
R21 = Rotor resistance referred to stator.
K2
BG R 21
GD R1
In a squirrel cage motor, the stator resistance can be measured by conducting resistance test.
2
i.e., Stator copper loss = 3I SN R1 where I SN is phase value.
Neglecting core loss, WSN = stator Cu loss + Rotor Cu loss
i.e., Rotor copper loss = WSN 3I SN2
R1
BG WSN 3 2SN R1
2
GD 3I SN R1
Dividing line BD in this ratio, the point G can be obtained and hence AG represents torque
line.
11. To find the full load quantities, draw line BK (=Full load output/power scale).
Now, draw line PK parallel to output line meeting the circle at point P.
12. Draw line PT parallel to Y-axis meeting output line at Q, torque line at R, constant
loss line at S and X-axis at T.
RESULT
LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR USING
AIM
To conduct load test on three phase squirrel cage Induction motor, 2 pole, 24 V, ∆-
Connection.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
PRECAUTIONS
FORMULAE
TORQUE M = G.b Nm
Where,
U = supply voltage in volts
I = load current in Amps
n = speed of cage rotor in Rpm
M = torque in Nm
G = measuring weight
b = distance of the arm in m
TABULAR COLUMN
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH
PROCEDURE
1. Activate the supply modue by setting the switch L1/L2/L3 from position‛
0’ to‛ 1’.
2. Observe whether the motor runs in CW direction.
3. If not interchange any two phases.
4. Balance the brake by moving the balance weight ‛g’ until the water level
shows horizontal position and the speed measurement reads rated speed.
5. Now note down the No load measurements (U,I,P1,P2,n,G,b)
6. The motor is therefore loaded in steps by means of brake.
(The load is increased by moving the weight‛ g’ to a distance‛ b’ from the
No load initial position. Adjust the selector switch‛ IV’ to balance the
system again)
7. Perform the measurements as per previous step and repeat the procedure
until rated current.
8. Stop the system by setting the load voltage switch L1/L2/L3 to a position to
de-energize the brake.
RESULT
POST LAB QUESTIONS
4. What are the effects of increasing rotor resistance on starting current and starting
torque?
5. Draw the torque slip characteristics of 3 phase slip ring induction motor.
SPEED CONTROL OF ROTATING TRANSFORMER
PRELAB QUESTIONS
2. What are the different starters needed for three phase induction motors?
3. The rotor core loss of an induction motor under running condition is usually
neglected. Why?
4. What are the various methods of speed control of 3 phase induction motor?
5. What are the various methods of speed control of induction motor from the stator
side?
ROTOR RESISTANCE SPEED CONTROL METHOD OF 3ϕ SLIP
AIM
To vary the speed of the slip ring induction motor using rotor resistance speed control
method.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
TABULAR COLUMN
Speed vs resistance
1480
1470
1460 1460
speed(rpm)
1450
1440 1440
1430
1420
1400 Speed (rpm)
1390
1380
1360
1340 .6
.2
.8
88
2
)
(W
.1
46
32
21
5.
12
e
nc
ta
sis
Re
resistance(ohm)
PROCEDURE
RESULT
VARIBALE FREQUENCY AND VOLTAGE SPEED CONTROL
METHOD
AIM
To control the speed of the 3 phase induction motor by changing the supply frequency and to
plot the speed Vs frequency curve.
APPARATUS
PRECAUTIONS
TABULATION
PROCEDURE
RESULT
POSTLAB QUESTIONS
1. What does happen to the induction motor if supply frequency is reduced keeping the
supply voltage constant?
APPARATUS REQUIRED
PROCEDURE
1) The DPST-1 is closed and the motor field rheostat is adjusted to make the
alternator run at rated speed.
2) The DPST-2 is closed and by keeping the TPST open, adjusts the alternator field
rheostat to supply the voltage equal to infinite bus bar.
3) The phase sequence of the alternator is made as same as that of the infinite bus bar
by observing the sequence of glowing of synchronizing lamps. If the phase
sequence is not same, any of the two phases are interchanged.
4) The field rheostat is adjusted to bring the frequency of the alternator to same
frequency of infinite bus bar. When the phase sequence of the two sides are same
all the lamps will begin to glow bright and dark simultaneously. In this condition,
when the frequencies are equal, the variation of lamps bright to dark is lowest.
5) At the dimmest point the TPST switch is closed thereby synchronizing the
alternator to the bus bar.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: SYNCHRONISATION OF ALTERNATOR TO INFINITE BUSBAR
RESULT
POSTLAB QUESTIONS
4. When the pointer of a synchroscope is stationary and points upward during the
paralleling operation, the __________________________
5. List the factors that affect the load sharing in parallel operating generators?
PRELAB QUESTIONS
3. Name the various methods for predetermining the voltage regulation of 3-phase
Alternator.
4. What are the causes of changes in terminal voltage of Alternators when loaded?
AIM
APPARATUS REQUIRED
FORMULAE
EMF method
OC voltage/ phase
Synchronous impedance, Zs = (at constant If)
SCcurrent / phase
E 0 Vph
% Regulation = x100
Vph
MMF method
E 0 Vph
% Regulation = x100
Vph
ZPF method
E 0 Vph
% Regulation = x100
Vph
PRECAUTION
OC TEST
FIELD S.C.CURRENT
CURRENT(If) (ISC)(amps)
(amps)
ZPF TEST
VOLTAGE REGULATION
EMF method
Unity
MMF method
0.8
Unity
ZPF method
0.8
Unity
MODEL GRAPH
MMF method
ZPF method
PROCEDURE
OC test
SC test
1. Draw the Open Circuit Characteristics (Generated Voltage per phase VS Field
Current)
2. Mark the point A at X-axis, which is obtained from short circuit test with full load
armature current.
3. From the ZPF test, mark the point P for the field current to the corresponding
rated armature current and the rated voltage.
4. Draw the ZPF curve which passing through the point A and P in such a way
parallel to the open circuit characteristics curve.
5. Draw the tangent for the OCC curve from the origin (i.e.) air gap line.
6. Draw the line PX from P towards Y-axis, which is parallel and equal to OA.
7. Draw the parallel line for the tangent from R to the OCC curve.
8. Join the points R and S also drop the perpendicular line PX, where the line RS
represents armature leakage reactance drop (IXL)
PS represents armature reaction excitation (Ifa).
RESULT
POST LAB QUESTIONS
3. Why the field rheostat is adjusted such that the voltmeter reads 380V.
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of estimating the voltage regulation of an
Alternator by EMF method?
DETERMINATION OF V AND INVERTED V CURVES OF
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
PRELAB QUESTIONS
AIM
To determine the V and inverted V curve of synchronous motor
APPARATUS REQUIRED
FORMULAE
W W2
Φ = cos tan 1 3 1
1
W W2
PRECAUTION
1. The VARIAC is kept at minimum position.
2. The potentiometer should be kept at minimum voltage position.
TABULAR COLUMN
PROCEDURE
1. Connections are as per the circuit diagram
2. The TPST switch is closed.
3. By varying auto synchronous motor starter the voltage is adjusted to 30-40% of rated
voltage.
4. Close the DPST switch.
5. Adjusted the rheostat and bring for rated current.
6. Now the Voltmeter is adjusted for rated voltage values.
7. The values of If1, W1 and W2 are noted down.
8. By adjusting the rheostat below rated current the corresponding reading are noted
down.
9. At some point the value of Ia will increase and the above procedure is repeated till the
rated value of current.
10. If any wattmeter shows negative deflection, change the current coil terminals of
wattmeter.
RESULT
POSTLAB QUESTIONS
.
DETERMINATION OF Xd AND Xq FOR SALIENT POLE
ALTERNATOR USING SLIP TEST
PRELAB QUESTIONS
5. What are the normal values of Xq/Xd for the two types of syn. Machines.
Experiment No.
AIM
To find the direct axis reactance Xd and quadrature axis reactance Xq by conducting
slip test.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
FORMULAE
Xd = Maximum armature voltage/phase
Minimum armature current/phase
PRECAUTION
1. The Motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position
PROCEDURE
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram
2. The DPST switch is closed
3. The rheostat is varied from the minimum resistance position so as to bring the speed
to a value below or near to rated speed of the alternator
4. The TPST switch is closed keeping the variac in the minimum position.
5. The variac is varied to apply 15-20% of the rated voltage of alternator is observed.
6. Check the voltage in the field coil, if it reads high the phase sequence is changed so
that the voltmeter reads zero.
7. The maximum and minimum deflections of voltmeter and ammeter are noted.
8. The variac is brought to minimum position and TPST Switch is opened. The field
rheostat is brought to minimum position and DPST Switch is opened.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
TABULAR COLUMN
MODEL CALCULATION
RESULT
POSTLAB QUESTIONS
1) Why does the pointer of ammeter and voltmeter oscillate at slip condition?
4) Can the slip condition achieved in non salient pole Synchronous machines? Why?