CHAPTER 1

The Problem
Background of the Study

Throughout the history, there have been attempts to

prohibit or limit drinking of alcohol and beverages.

Prohibition is normal in Islamic state where the

religion forbids the consumption of alcohol. Use range

from a legal ban against the drinking the luxury

taxation on all alcoholic beverages. Most of these

measures have little or no effect. In the United

States, constitutional amendments banning alcohol

beverages went into effect in 1920, but millions of

Americans defied the prohibition law (Reyes, 1993 quoted

by Kimbungan, Mabini and Saltin, 2005). Further, there

were many protection rackets run by the notorious

gangster during the period of prohibition. Prohibition

was repealed in 1933. Some government tried to control

individual drinking through rationing.

Oakley (1987) stated that prohibition was not just

a matter of “wets versus dry,” or a matter of political

conviction or health concerns. In 1917, the United

States Supreme Court upheld a law passed by Congress in

1913 forbidding interstate shipment of alcoholic

beverages into the areas where the manufacture and the

sale of liquor was illegal. On March of the same year,

congress passed on anti-liquor advertising bill, which

prohibited the use of United States mail to advertise

“spirituous, vinous, malted fermented, or other

intoxicating liquors of any kind” in area that locally

restricted their advertising.

According to Nag (2017), alcohol is completely

banned in many countries with large Muslim populations.

In Yemen, alcohol is completely as it is believed to be

against the principles of Islam. Yemenis are not allowed

to consume alcohol in the country and the sale of

alcohol is illegal in all parts of the country with the

exception of Aden and Sana’a where the drink is sold in

certain permitted restaurants, hotels, and nightclubs.

Foreigners who are non-Muslims are allowed to carry a

limited volume of alcohol into the country and drink in

their private space.

In the United Arab Emirates addition, alcohol is

allowed to be sold under very strict regulations, with

the exception of Sharjah where it is completely banned.

In Sharjah, only those possessing an alcohol license

(usually non-Muslims) from the government are allowed to

2
possess alcohol. Also, such valid license holders can

only consume alcohol within the confines of their home.

The consumption, sale or any other form of alcohol use

in the public is strictly prohibited and the offenders

are subject to imprisonment, flogging or other forms of

punishment. In the other emirates of the United Arab

Emirates, alcohol is allowed to be sold in restaurants,

hotels, or other places where the seller possesses a

valid alcohol license. Alcohol consumption is allowed

for the non-Muslims but only within their private

residences or the hotels and bars they visit. No form of

alcohol use and drunken attitude in public places is

tolerated in these emirates. Foreign tourists are

allowed to bring a limited number of alcohol bottles

into the country for their personal use (Nag, 2017).

In addition, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia implies a

complete ban on alcohol. It is illegal to manufacture,

import, sell, and consume alcohol in the country. Strict

checking of baggage at the airport is conducted to

ensure no one enters the country with alcohol. Harsh

punishments are meted out to those caught selling or

drinking alcohol in public. Long-term imprisonment and

flogging might be used as modes of punishment.

3
Foreigners are also advised to be extremely cautious

regarding this sensitive subject and it is best to

abstain oneself from alcoholic drinks when visiting this

country (Nag, 2017).

In China, alcohol consumption is increasing faster

than other parts of the world. Data from recent decades

show a steady increase in alcohol production and

consumption and in rates of alcohol-related conditions

(Hao, Chen & Su, 2005; Cochrane, Chen, Conigrave & Hao,

2003).

Drinking alcoholic beverages has been

traditionally accepted in China during major social

events, such as the spring festival, wedding

ceremonies and birthday parties. However, the rapid

growth in the Chinese economy has been accompanied by

noticeable changes in the drinking behavior of the

Chinese population (Tang, Xiang, Wang, Cubells, Babor

& Hao, 2013).

Oakley (1987) specified that consumption of

alcohol is associated with a wide range of violent

acts which include, accidents, suicide, sexual

assault, violence within the family, felony and

homicide.

4
 The founding in 1970 of the National Institute on

Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) coincided with a

large increase in Federal research funds for studies of

alcohol policies related to highway deaths and injuries,

as well as injuries flowing from alcohol-related crime

and health problems resulting from heavy alcohol

consumption. Alcohol-related highway fatalities were at

an all-time high in 1970, and there were an estimated

100,000 alcohol-attributable deaths in the United States

(Modad et al. 2004; NIAAA, 1998). In the 40 years since

the founding of NIAAA, those losses have been

substantially reduced through the implementation of laws

and public health policies growing out of research that

has been summarized in Alcohol Research & Health (AR&H).

By 2001, alcohol-attributable deaths declined to 75,766

(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC],

2004).

In Atok, Benguet, it was observed that there were

several cases happening such as troubles, disturbance

to the tranquility of the night, physical injuries,

reckless driving and other offenses committed by those

persons under the influence of liquor. With these

problems happening, the municipal councilors and other

5
municipal officials came to an agreement to pass an

ordinance regulating the selling and serving of

alcoholic beverages in all sari-sari stores, and other

business establishment, serving and selling of any

kind of alcoholic beverages; thus, this study is

conducted to determine the implementation of Liquor

Ordinance (Municipal Ordinance 41, s.2012).

Statement of the Problem

The major purpose of this study was to look into

the assessment of Liquor Ordinance (Municipal

Ordinance 41-2012) in Atok, Benguet.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following

questions:

1. What is the level of implementation of the

Liquor Ordinance?

1.1 Is there a significant difference between

the perceptions of implementers and community

residents on the level of implementation of the Liquor

Ordinance?

2. What is the level of effectiveness of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor

ordinance?

6
 2.1 Is there a significant difference between

the perceptions of implementers and community

residents on the level of effectiveness of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor

ordinance?

3. What is the level of implementation of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor

ordinance?

3.1 Is there a significant difference between

the perceptions of implementers and community

residents on the level of implementation of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor

ordinance?

4. Is there a correlation between the level of

effectiveness and implementation of the strategies

used on the liquor ordinance?

Hypotheses of the Study

The following hypotheses were tested:

1. There is a significant difference between the

perceptions of implementers and community residents on

the level of implementation of the Liquor Ordinance.

2. There is a significant difference between the

perceptions of implementers and community residents on

7
the level of effectiveness of the strategies used by

law enforcers in the implementation of liquor

ordinance.

3. There is a significant difference between the

perceptions of implementers and community residents on

the level of implementation of the strategies used in

the implementation of liquor ordinance.

4. There is a high correlation between the level

of effectiveness and implementation of the ordinance.

Importance of the Study

The findings on the importance of implementing

liquor ordinance, knowing the strategies used, the

support given by the various sectors and the problems

encountered are important to the following:

PNP Personnel. It will serve as a guide to improve

and promote peace and order within their jurisdiction.

Municipal and Barangay Officials. They can be able

to evaluate the effectiveness of the ordinance; thus,

they can make revisions as to its content and

implementation.

Community Residents. They will benefit from the

findings because a liquor-free community assures them of

living peacefully. This study will also give them the

8
opportunity to be involved in the evaluation of the

ordinance, through their barangay officials.

Future Researchers. This study may serve as their

basis to conduct similar studies about the

implementation of liquor ordinance.

The Researcher. Being a police officer, this study

will provide her additional information on how to deal

with persons affected by the ordinance.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study determined the implementation of Liquor

Ordinance (Municipal Ordinance 41-2012) in Atok,

Benguet during the Calendar Year 2017.

It was delimited to the level of implementation

of the Liquor Ordinance, level of effectiveness of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor

ordinance, level of implementation of the strategies

used in the implementation of liquor ordinance, and

the correlation between the level of effectiveness and

implementation of the ordinance.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Municipal Ordinance No. 41-2012 of Atok, Benguet is

an ordinance prohibiting the selling, dispensing,

9
offering to customers, drinking, taking in, buying

alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor such

as whiskey, gin, brandy, rhum, beer, basi, tuba, tapey,

etc., whether foreign-brewed or locally manufactured in

sari-sari stores, grocery stores, restaurants, tiendas,

carinderias, and other similar establishment within a

radius of two hundred (200) lineal meters from any

public buildings, educational institutions and/or

churches; and prohibiting the drinking, taking, taking

in of such alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and

liquor in the immediate edge of road ways of any public

roads and to limit, regulate the selling, displaying,

offering to customers, drinking, taking in, buying any

such alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor

whether foreign-brewed or locally manufactured in any

place within the territorial jurisdiction of the

municipality of Atok.

Article 155 paragraph 4 of the Revised Penal Code

state that, any person who, while intoxicated or

otherwise, shall cause any disturbance or scandal in

public places shall be penalized of not exceeding 200

pesos or suffer arrest menor (Reyes, 1993).

10
 The police officer, in the performance of his

multifarious task is charged with bringing all law-

breakers to court, but while doing so, he is compelled

to observe their constitutional rights. Thus, it can be

observed that the police officers are the prime mover of

the Criminal Justice System (CJS) that without the

police, the system is at stand-still.

Law enforcer being the first major component in the

operation of the CJS, is responsible for accomplishing

the enforcement of laws, decrees, and ordinances; the

prevention of crime; the protection of life and

property; the preservation of peace and order, and the

safeguarding of the rights of the citizens.

On account of a number of conditions simulating the

conditions of intoxication, a physician must exercise

due care and diligence in the history taking, physical

examination and in the observation of the signs and

symptoms coupled with the appropriate and available

laboratory examination before the diagnosis of

drunkenness is entertained (Solis, 1987).

Among the strategies used to prevent drinking

are school based, involving curricula targeted at

preventing alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana use. Other

11
approaches are extracurricular, offering activities

outside of school in the form of social or life skills

training or alternative activities

The goal of many school-based programs is to reduce

the onset and prevalence of adolescent alcohol use by

decreasing personal and social risk factors and

strengthening personal and social protective factors.

Several successful tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana

prevention curricula exist, including Life Skills

Training (Botvin et al., 1995), Project Northland (Perry

et al., 1996), the Midwestern Prevention Project (Pentz

et al., 1989), Project SMART (Hansen and Graham, 1991),

and Project ALERT (Ellickson et al., 1993). These

programs have given researchers a better understanding

of important components for classroom-based programs.

There is a consensus that today a general decay of

discipline exists in this country, both the individual

and national levels. Evidence of undisciplined and a

rebellion to ethical rules are very noticeable to

private as well as in the public places. Hostility to

laws, customs and traditions are very patent and a local

disregard of good manners and right conduct is fast

being accepted. The perverted concept of liberty that

12
“a person may do whatever he pleases” and the mistaken

notion of democracy that “the least of government is the

best,” is constituting immensely to the breakdown of

discipline. The youth of today seem to revolt against

anything that restrains the expression of their ego and

their emotions. So much of that restrictive legislation

for public officials employees and the constituent

members of the society have been passed to regulate the

personal conduct of people in public as well as in

public places (Tradio, 1990).

Observations have shown that many liquor establishment

owners are not following the rules and regulations such

as violations of the curfew hours. They are allowing

their customers consume alcohol beyond eight o’clock in

the evening from Monday to Saturday and even during

Sundays and holidays. On the part of the law enforcers,

the implementation of the liquor ordinance is very weak

because they are not doing it every night making the

owner of liquor establishments serve alcohol beyond the

curfew hours.

In Caloocan, the city government would intensify

the implementation of a local ordinance that has

prohibited residents from drinking alcoholic beverages

13
out in the streets. Based on ordinance no. 0937 series

of 2005, anyone that will be caught having booze on the

street will be promptly arrested by authorities, risking

possible jail time and payment of fine (Calleja, 2011).

According to Tordecilla (2016), selling booze and

drinking in public places in Davao City are banned from

1 a.m. to 8 a.m. Duterte’s spokesperson says the liquor

ban will give hotel and restaurant employees enough time

to rest and allow them to go back to work the next day.

Violators face a hefty fine: Php 3,000 for the first

offense, Php 5,000 or a three-month jail time for the

second offense, and Php 5,000 and one year in jail,

including the revocation of the establishment’s business

permit, for the third offense.

With the aforementioned devastating effects of

alcohol, therefore, it must be controlled. Solely

treating people with medication cannot control problem

drinking and alcoholism. Treatment should be coupled

with proper education both in the schools and in adult

community to develop the nation habits of moderation in

the use of alcoholic beverages. It requires

investigation and testing of social policies on the

control of distribution of alcohol as well as the

14
effective implementation of this policy. Thus, this

research is conducted in Atok, Benguet.

The interplay of the variables is presented in the

succeeding page. The implementation of Liquor Ordinance,

effectiveness of the Strategies used by Law Enforcers in

the Implementation of Liquor Ordinance, implementation

of strategies and correlation between effectiveness and

strategies used in implementing liquor ordinance

composed the independent variables while the dependent

variables are the level of implementation of liquor

ordinance, level of effectiveness of the strategies,

level of implementation of strategies and high

correlation between effectiveness and strategies.

Implementers and community residents are the moderator

variables.

Figure 1 presents the paradigm of the study.

15
 Independent Variable Dependent Variable

1. Implementation of 1. Level of
Liquor Ordinance implementation of
liquor ordinance
2. Effectiveness of 2. Level of
the Strategies used by effectiveness of he
Law Enforcers in the strategies
Implementation of
Liquor Ordinance

3. Implementation of 3. Level of
strategies implementation of
strategies

4. Correlation between 4. High correlation

effectiveness and between effectiveness
implementation of the and implementation of
strategies used in on the strategies used on
liquor ordinance
liquor ordinance

Moderator Variables

1. Implementers
2. Community
Residents

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

16
 Definition of Terms

Important terms used in this study are defined

according to how they were used:

Area. This refers to the four barangays affected

namely: Calking, Cattubo, Abiang and Paoay.

Community residents. This refers to the people

residing in the four affected barangays.

Implementers. This pertains to the PNP personnel,

SB members and barangay officials.

Liquor. This refers to all intoxicating beverages

such as whiskey, brandy, gin, vodka, and other kinds of

foreign and domestically fermented drinks to include

beer and native wines (Orig, 1997).

Municipal Ordinance. It is a law of a particular

city, municipality made for its internal practice and

good government.

17
 CHAPTER 2

Design and Methodology

This chapter discusses the research design,

population and locale of the study, data gathering tool,

data gathering procedures and the treatment of data.

Research Design

The study used the descriptive-survey method of

research because it aimed to look into the

implementation of the Liquor Ordinance in Atok,

Benguet. The method of research which concerns itself

with the present phenomena in terms of conditions,

practices beliefs, processes, relationships or trends

invariably is termed as “descriptive survey study”.

According to Aggarwal (2008), descriptive research

is devoted to the gathering of information about

prevailing conditions or situations for the purpose of

description and interpretation. This type of research

method is not simply amassing and tabulating facts but

includes proper analyses, interpretation, comparisons,

identification of trends and relationships.

18
 It is descriptive in nature because it analyzed the

data which were gathered regarding the implementation of

liquor ordinance.

The survey questionnaire was administered to the

respondents. The results were tabulated and

statistically treated. Interviews were also conducted

to the implementers and community residents to validate

and support the data gathered from the questionnaire.

Locale and Population of the Study

The respondents were the PNP personnel, and

community residents in Atok, Benguet.

Table 1 presents the population of the study.

Table 1. Population of the Study

Group Frequency Percentage
Implementers 38 27.54%
Community residents 100 72.46%
Total 138 100%

Data Gathering Tools

The survey-questionnaire was used to gather the

needed data for the study. Unstructured interviews were

conducted to some of the respondents to validate the

gathered data. The questionnaire is composed of three

parts. Part I dealt on the level of implementation of

the Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet. Part II focused

19
on the level of effectiveness of the strategies used in

the implementation of liquor ordinance. Part III dealt

on the level of implementation of the strategies used in

implementing the liquor ordinance.

The reliability of the research instrument was pre-

tested to the PNP personnel, SB members, selected

barangay officials and community residents of Tublay,

Benguet.

Data Gathering Procedures

Before the start of collecting data, the researcher

asked permission from the Chief of Police and Municipal

Mayor for her to be allowed to conduct the study.

After being given permission, the researcher

coordinated with the SB Member Chairman and concerned

barangay officials to administer the questionnaires to

the public. The researcher personally delivered and

administered the questionnaires to the target

respondents. She also personally retrieved the

questionnaires from the selected barangays.

Treatment of Data

The data gathered from the respondents were treated

statistically using the appropriate statistical tools.

20
 To find out the level of implementation of the

Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet, the following were

used:

Numerical Statistical Descriptive Symbol

Values Limits Equivalent

4 3.25 – 4.00 Fully Implemented FI

3 2.50 – 3.24 Moderately Implemented MI

2 1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Implemented SI

1 1.00 – 1.74 Not Implemented NI

To determine the level of effectiveness of the

strategies used by law enforcers in the implementation

of liquor ordinance, the following were used:

Numerical Statistical Descriptive Symbol

Values Limits Equivalent

4 3.25 – 4.00 Highly Effective HE

3 2.50 – 3.24 Moderately Effective ME

2 1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Effective SE

1 1.00 – 1.74 Not Effective NE

To measure the level of implementation of the

strategies used in Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet,

the following were used:

21
Numerical Statistical Descriptive Symbol
Values Limits Equivalent

4 3.25 – 4.00 Fully Implemented FI

3 2.50 – 3.24 Moderately Implemented MI

2 1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Implemented SI

1 1.00 – 1.74 Not Implemented NI

The weighted mean was used to quantify the data on

the specific problems of the study. The formula is

(Calmorin & Calmorin, 2007):

∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑊𝑀 =
𝑛

Where:

∑ = summation

n= number of respondents

F = frequency

x = weight of each score

The t-test was used to determine the differences in

the perceptions of the respondents, with the formula

(Garcia, 2004):

t = X1 – X2
⌡SD12 + SD12
N1 N2

22
 The relationship was established between the level

of effectiveness and strategies, the Pearson’s Product-

Moment Correlation (r) of Coefficient was used with the

formula (Fraenkel and Wallen, 2006):

2
r=n((∑ 𝑥𝑦) − (∑ 𝑥𝑦)(∑ 𝑦)

√[𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥) 2 ] [𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦) 2
]

Where,

r = Pearson correlation coefficient

x = Values in first set of data

y = Values in second set of data

n = Total number of values

23
 Chapter 3

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of

Data

This chapter presents the findings and

discussions on the Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet.

It discusses the perceived level of implementation of

Liquor Ordinance, Level of effectiveness of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor

ordinance, level of implementation of the strategies

used in the implementation of liquor ordinance, and

the correlation between the level of effectiveness of

the strategies used in the implementation of liquor

ordinance and the level of implementation of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor

ordinance.

Level of Implementation of the Liquor Ordinance

Table 2 presents the level of Implementation of

Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet. It has an average of

2.83 with a descriptive equivalent of moderately

implemented. It means that there is a reasonable

implementation on the liquor ordinance because the

Table 2. Level of Implementation of Liquor Ordinance

24
 Descriptive
Indicators W.M Equivalent Rank
Section 1. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor, such as
whiskey, gin, brandy, rhum, beer, basi,
tuba, tapey and the like whether foreign-
brewed or locally manufactured shall be
sold, displayed, offered to customers,
drank, taken in, and/or consumed, brought
in any sari-sari stores, restaurants,
carinderias, and other similar
establishments within a radius of two
hundred (200) lineal meters from any
public buildings, educational institutions
and/or churches. And, no such alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor
shall be sold, brought by any person in
any residential building, other private-
owned building within the same distance Moderately
from any public building, educational 2.92 Implemented 3
institutions and/or churches.
Section 2. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor shall be drank,
taken in and/or consumed in the immediate
edge of road ways, within road ways of any
public roads within the territorial Moderately
jurisdiction of Atok Municipality. 2.95 Implemented 1.5
Section 3. Duly licensed sari-sari stores,
grocery stores, restaurants, tiendas,
carinderias, and other similar
establishments shall sell alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor
only from 8:00AM to 8:00PM from Mondays to
Saturdays and on town fiestas then from
9:00AM to 2:00PM on Sundays, legal or Moderately
special holidays. 2.95 Implemented 1.5
Section 4. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor whether foreign
brewed or locally manufactured shall be
sold, offered, dispensed, and/or given to
person below 21 years of age.

In case of doubt, owners, proprietors

and/or keepers of stores, restaurants and
other similar establishments duly licensed
to sell alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor must demand the
production of the customer’s residence Moderately
certificate. 2.77 Implemented 4
Section 5. No person below 21 years of age
shall carry, keep and/or conceal any
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine
and liquor whether foreign-brewed or
locally manufactured within a radius of Moderately
two hundred (200) lineal meters from any 2.73 Implemented 5

25
public buildings, educational institutions
and/or churches.
Section 6. Any person or persons violating
any provisions of Sections 1,2,3 and 4 of
this Ordinance shall be punished by a fine
of not less than five hundred pesos
(PHP500.00), for the first offense, one
thousand pesos (PHP1,000.00) for the
second offense and two thousand five
hundred pesos (PHP2,500.00) for the third
offense, or an imprisonment of not less
than three (3) months and not exceeding
six (6) months, or both at the discretion
of the court. If the recidivist is the
owner, proprietor, manager or any person
entrusted with the operation or
administration of an establishment, in
addition to the fine or imprisonment
prescribed above, or both, the
permit/license for the operation of
his/her establishment be automatically
revoked and the operation shall likewise
be automatically closed.
Such revocation shall forfeit all sums
which may have been paid in respect for Moderately
said privileges. 2.64 Implemented 6
Moderately
Average 2.83 Implemented

police officers are really doing their job as stipulated

in the ordinance. However, there are still ordinances

that are not being executed completely in the community.

Yet, Top Cop Byron Allatogsaid that based on police

records a decrease on crimes during the first month of

strict implementation of the liquor halt was seen

further proving it serves as a deterrent for crimes

committed under the influence of liquor in

establishments in the Valley (Catajan , September 20,

2013).

26
 Section 2 and section 3 of the ordinance topped the

rank with a weighted mean of 2.95 interpreted as

moderately implemented.

Section 2 which states that “No alcoholic or

intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor shall be drank,

taken in and/or consumed in the immediate edge of road

ways, within road ways of any public roads within the

territorial jurisdiction of Atok Municipality.” It

means that the officials do not allow establishment to

sell within road ways or near the roads. Hence, the

ordinance protects the welfare and health of the people

in their jurisdiction.

This section conforms to Ordinance No. 25, Section

3 on General Provision of which states that no person

shall drink any alcoholic or intoxicating beverage in

any public street, sidewalk and public parks within the

territorial jurisdiction of the City of Vigan. This has

been enacted on August 18, 2014.

In the same manner, Davao City Council approved on

third and final reading on March 6 ordinance prohibiting

drinking liquor along the street, on sidewalks, in

public parks and playgrounds, and will soon be

punishable. The Sobriety Ordinance states, "The

27
consumption of alcoholic beverages in public spaces

which includes sidewalks, public parks and playground,

among others, is no longer allowed (Cañedo, March 7,

2018).”

Section 3 which states that “Duly licensed sari-

sari stores, grocery stores, restaurants, tiendas,

carinderias, and other similar establishments shall sell

alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor only

from 8:00AM to 8:00PM from Mondays to Saturdays and on

town fiestas then from 9:00AM to 2:00PM on Sundays,

legal or special holidays.” This is implemented in the

municipality through the officials including the

barangay tanods who go around checking whether the

establishments are observing the opening and closing

time stipulated in the ordinance.

Consequently, with the liquor ordinance of La

Trinidad, Catajan (2013) reported that the 8 p.m. liquor

ban is seen as the answer to protect the youth as well

as families from having late nights out over alcohol as

well as the prevention of crimes in the La Trinidad

Valley.

28
 Further, Allatog said based on police records a

decrease on crimes during the first month of strict

implementation of the liquor halt was seen further

proving it serves as a deterrent for crimes committed

under the influence of liquor in establishments in the

Valley (Catajan, 2013).

However, there are still residents who break the

ordinance. When the tanods in a barangay goes to the

establishment, they do not listen to them, along the

road, it is obvious and it can be seen by the community

residents that owners accommodate people to drink in the

store or near the store or within their jurisdiction

even during the night.

Next in rank is Section 1 described as moderately

implemented having a weighted mean of 2.92. It states

that “No alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and

liquor, such as whiskey, gin, brandy, rhum, beer, basi,

tuba, tapey and the like whether foreign-brewed or

locally manufactured shall be sold, displayed, offered

to customers, drank, taken in, and/or consumed, brought

in any sari-sari stores, restaurants, carinderias, and

other similar establishments within a radius of two

hundred (200) lineal meters from any public buildings,

29
educational institutions and/or churches. And, no such

alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor

shall be sold, brought by any person in any residential

building, other private-owned building within the same

distance from any public building, educational

institutions and/or churches.”

The results implies that liquor establishments

are far from educational institutions and/or churches.

Considering the area of Atok, houses are far from each

other except in a business center.

Section 4 belongs to the bottom three indicators

with a weighted mean of 2.77. It states that “No

alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor

whether foreign brewed or locally manufactured shall be

sold, offered, dispensed, and/or given to person below

21 years of age.” This means that minors are still

allowed to drink intoxicated beverages. One tanod said

that when the minors are accompanied by adults, they are

being allowed to drink. This means that the adults take

the responsibility. It is also observed when the adults

bring home liquor; their children can drink as long as

the father is with them.

30
 It was concluded in the study of Swahn, Palmier,

Benegas-Segarra and Sinson(2013) that there are

significant associations between alcohol marketing

exposure and increased alcohol use and drunkenness among

youth in the Philippines. These findings highlight the

need to put policies into effect that restrict alcohol

marketing practices as an important prevention strategy

for reducing alcohol use and its dire consequences among

vulnerable youth.

Though progress is being made, underage

drinking remains a persistent problem. According to the

2016 NSDUH, about 7.3 million Americans between the ages

of 12 and 20 report current alcohol consumption; this

represents 19% of this age group for whom alcohol

consumption is illegal. Among 12-20 year olds, reported

rates of past month consumption, binge drinking and

heavy alcohol all declined between 2007 and 2016

(“Underage Drinking Statistics”, n.d).

A 2001 survey was conducted in the Philippines

(total sample size n = 1105; age group 15 to 19 years

old) found that 24.3% of the total population sampled

were current drinkers. 42.4% of males and 11.1% of

females were reported to be currently drinking alcohol.6

31
Youth survey interviewed a national sample of 5266 men

and 5612 women aged 15 to 24 in 1994. Data for age group

15 to 19 years old show that the rate of current

drinkers among males was 47% and 12% among females.

Fifth in rank is Section 5 (2.73, MI) which states

that “No person below 21 years of age shall carry, keep

and/or conceal any alcoholic or intoxicating beverage,

wine and liquor whether foreign-brewed or locally

manufactured within a radius of two hundred (200) lineal

meters from any public buildings, educational

institutions and/or churches.” This implies that

when someone buys liquor, they do not anymore check if

the one buying is a minor or adult.

Last in rank is Section 6 (2.64, MI). It states

that “Any person or persons violating any provisions of

Sections 1,2,3 and 4 of this Ordinance shall be punished

by a fine of not less than five hundred pesos

(PhP500.00), for the first offense, one thousand pesos

(PhP1,000.00) for the second offense and two thousand

five hundred pesos (PhP2,500.00) for the third offense,

or an imprisonment of not less than three (3) months and

not exceeding six (6) months, or both at the discretion

of the court. If the recidivist is the owner,

32
proprietor, manager or any person entrusted with the

operation or administration of an establishment, in

addition to the fine or imprisonment prescribed above,

or both, the permit/license for the operation of his/her

establishment be automatically revoked and the operation

shall likewise be automatically closed. Such revocation

shall forfeit all sums which may have been paid in

respect for said privileges.” This means that sometimes

persons who are violating this section of the Liquor

Ordinance are not being reprimanded and are not being

punished. “Kumpadre and Kabagyan” system are still

observed in the area in which the establishment owners

talk to a politician or barangay officials to revoke the

punishment. Thus, this section of the liquor ordinance

is not followed.

Difference in the perceptions on the level

of implementation of the Liquor Ordinance

Table 2.1 reveals the difference in the level of

implementation of liquor ordinance between the

implementers and community residents.

Both the implementers and community residents

perceived the implementation of liquor ordinance to be

33
moderate. However, a difference of 1.0 in the weighted

means was noted. The implementers have a higher

perception than the community residents. It is

attributed to the responsiveness of the implementers in

the implementation of Liquor ordinance. Yet, the police

officers or implementers are the top main concern.

Further, the implementers are more knowledgeable in the

processes and protocols of liquor ordinance as to

implementation than the community residents.

Table 2.1 Difference in the level of implementation of

the Liquor Ordinance

Indicators Implementers Residents

Section 1. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor, such as whiskey,
gin, brandy, rhum, beer, basi, tuba, tapey
and the like whether foreign-brewed or
locally manufactured shall be sold,
displayed, offered to customers, drank,
taken in, and/or consumed, brought in any
sari-sari stores, restaurants, carinderias,
and other similar establishments within a
radius of two hundred (200) lineal meters
from any public buildings, educational
institutions and/or churches. And, no such
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor shall be sold, brought by any person
in any residential building, other private-
owned building within the same distance from
any public building, educational 3.26 2.80
institutions and/or churches. FI MI
Section 2. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor shall be drank,
taken in and/or consumed in the immediate
edge of road ways, within road ways of any
public roads within the territorial 3.21 2.86
jurisdiction of Atok Municipality. MI MI
Section 3. Duly licensed sari-sari stores, 3.39 2.78
grocery stores, restaurants, tiendas, FI MI

34
carinderias, and other similar
establishments shall sell alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor only
from 8:00AM to 8:00PM from Mondays to
Saturdays and on town fiestas then from
9:00AM to 2:00PM on Sundays, legal or
special holidays.
Section 4. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor whether foreign
brewed or locally manufactured shall be
sold, offered, dispensed, and/pr given to
person below 21 years of age.

In case of doubt, owners, proprietors and/or

keepers of stores, restaurants and other
similar establishments duly licensed to sell
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor must demand the production of the 3.05 2.66
customer’s residence certificate. MI MI
Section 5. No person below 21 years of age
shall carry, keep and/or conceal any
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor whether foreign-brewed or locally
manufactured within a radius of two hundred
(200) lineal meters from any public
buildings, educational institutions and/or 3.11 2.59
churches. MI MI
Section 6. Any person or persons violating
any provisions of Sections 1,2,3 and 4 of
this Ordinance shall be punished by a fine
of not less than five hundred pesos
(PHP500.00), for the first offense, one
thousand pesos (PHP1,000.00) for the second
offense and two thousand five hundred pesos
(PHP2,500.00) for the third offense, or an
imprisonment of not less than three (3)
months and not exceeding six (6) months, or
both at the discretion of the court. If the
recidivist is the owner, proprietor, manager
or any person entrusted with the operation
or administration of an establishment, in
addition to the fine or imprisonment
prescribed above, or both, the
permit/license for the operation of his/her
establishment be automatically revoked and
the operation shall likewise be
automatically closed.
Such revocation shall forfeit all sums which
may have been paid in respect for said 2.97 2.51
privileges. MI MI
3.17 2.70
Average MI MI
p-value = 0.00 α = 0.05 *significant

35
 Statistically, the p-value of .00 is lesser than

the alpha-value of 0.05 which means that there is a

significant difference in the perceptions between the

implementers and community residents. It implies that

the perceptions of the implementers significantly differ

from the perceptions of the community residents.

Hence, there is a significant difference between the

perceptions of the implementers and community residents

in the implementation of liquor ordinance.

Level of effectiveness of the strategies used

in the implementation of liquor ordinance

As gleaned on table 3, the level of effectiveness

of the strategies used in the implementation of liquor

ordinance has an over-all weighted mean of 3.23

interpreted as moderately effective. It implies that

the strategies used in implementing liquor ordinance are

functional.

In La Trinidad, Benguet located near Atok, Benguet

was noted to have a decreased of crime because of the

strict enforcement of the liquor ordinance. Top cop

Byron Allatog reported a significant decrease in crimes

on physical injuries from the period of July to August,

36
at the height of implementation of the 8 p.m. halt in

serving liquor (Catajan, September 20, 2013).

Table 3. Level of Effectiveness of the liquor ordinance

Indicators Descriptive
W.M Equivalent Rank
1. Inspection by members of the
police officers of all Moderately
establishments that are 3.16 Effective 4
liquor-oriented
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen
Inspections made by the Moderately
police officers 3.20 Effective 3
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective Moderately
barangays 3.15 Effective 5
4. Information campaign Moderately
3.22 Effective 2
5. Patrolling Highly
3.54 Effective 1
6. Partnering with other Law
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs, Moderately
Force Multipliers and others 3.12 Effective 6
Average Moderately
3.23 Effective
Patrolling ranked first with a weighted mean of

3.54 interpreted as highly effective. It means that

implementers “go the rounds” to insure the safety of the

community residents. As observed by everyone in the

community, the police officers who are in-charge in a

particular duty hours monitor establishments in all

areas who are serving liquor.

37
 Further, implementers also enter in restaurants,

stores that serve liquor to check whether the ordinance

is being followed.

Patrolling among the implementers who are the

police officers is done six (6) times a day and more,

though it will depend on the situation and circumstances

of one area.

Gresham (n.d) opined that patrolling officers serve

an important role in a department's community policing

strategy. Additionally, he said that patrols involve

police officers visiting an area not to respond to a

specific call but to travel through the area and observe

it.

Next is “Information Campaign” with a weighted mean

of 3.22, having a descriptive equivalent of moderately

effective. It is attributed to the distribution of

Information Education Campaign (IEC) like fliers or

leaflets on curfew hours and serving of liquors.

Further, lectures are being conducted to the owners

of establishments and dialogues are done between owners

and officials.

Periodic inspection of the task force created by

the Municipal Mayor to strengthen inspections made by

38
the police officers got a weighted mean of 3.20

interpreted as moderately effective. It means that

periodic inspection is done to ensure if the ordinance

is being implemented. There is a need to inspect in

order to show to the owners that the ordinance will not

only be a paper and it has to be put into practice.

Fourth is “Inspection by members of the police

officers of all establishments that are liquor-oriented”

obtained a weighted mean of 3.16 with a description of

moderately effective. This means that the

implementation is not done to all the establishments.

There are those small stores that are not being

inspected. Cases are when the inspection is going on,

owners close their liquor establishments and when the

inspection is done they open and continue serving the

costumers.

The implementation of the ordinance by the barangay

officials in their respective barangays has a weighted

mean of 3.15 described as moderately effective. It

implies that the owners of the establishments do not

listen to barangay officials when they are the once

implementing the liquor ordinance; that in some cases

the barangay officials need to ask the help from the

39
police officers when they go around the establishments.

It means that the barangay officials are not much

effective in implementing the liquor ordinance.

Lastly, Partnering with other Law Enforcement

Agencies, NGOs/NGAs, Force Multipliers and others having

a weighted mean of 3.12 described as moderately

effective. This was ranked last because absolutely the

owners would not want many officials and other agencies

to implement because it creates confusions among them.

Even the implementers cannot work well if there are lot

of issues and a lot of implementations that create

ambiguity.

Difference in the level of effectiveness of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor
ordinance

As shown in table 3.1, slight difference between

the means of implementers and community residents was

noted. However, implementers perceived the level of

effectiveness of the strategies in the implementation of

liquor as high while the community residents perceived

to be moderate. The difference lies on the Periodic

inspection of the task force created by the Municipal

Mayor to strengthen inspections made by the police

40
officers and implementation of the ordinance by the

Barangay Officials in their respective barangays.

Table 3.1 Difference in the Level of Effectiveness of

the strategies in the implementation of Liquor ordinance

Indicators Implementers Residents

1. Inspection by members of the
police officers of all
establishments that are 3.11 3.18
liquor-oriented ME ME
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen
Inspections made by the 3.39 3.13
police officers HE ME
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective 3.47 3.03
barangays HE ME
4. Information campaign 3.50 3.11
HE ME
5. Patrolling 3.92 3.40
HE HE
6. Partnering with Partnering
with other Law Enforcement
Agencies, NGOs/NGAs, Force 3.16 3.11
Multipliers and others ME ME
3.43 3.16
Average HE ME
p-value= 0.04 α = 0.05 *significant

Statistically, the p-value of .04 is lesser than

the alpha-value of 0.05 which means that there is a

significant difference in the perceptions between the

implementers and community residents. It implies that

41
the perceptions of the implementers significantly differ

from the perceptions of the community residents.

Hence, there is a significant difference between

the perceptions of the implementers and community

residents in the level of effectiveness of the

strategies in the implementation of liquor ordinance.

Level of implementation of the strategies used

in the Implementation of Liquor Ordinance

As shown in table 4, the strategies used in the

implementation of Liquor ordinance is fully implemented

with a weighted mean of 3.28. It indicates that all the

strategies used in the implementation are all perceived

to be highly implemented. Its full implementation

creates a good impact to the community.

First in rank is patrolling (3.42), which the

implementers specifically the police officers are doing

their duty in their workplace. It implies that police

patrolling insures the safety of the community.

Gresham (n.d) said that a key aspect of police

patrol is providing a high visibility for the police

force in a neighborhood. Visible patrolling officers

provide residents, visitors, and others in an area a

42
strengthened sense of safety and security. That's one

reason officers who are serving on certain types of

patrol, particularly in neighborhoods, will appear

conspicuously in uniforms and marked patrol cars. They

will visit both prominent locations and locations where

past crimes have occurred to improve a sense of safety

in those areas.

Table 4. Level of implementation of the strategies

used in the Implementation of Liquor Ordinance
Descriptive
Indicators W.M Equivalent Rank
1. Inspection by members of the
Police officers of all Fully
establishments that are 3.31 Implemented 2
liquor-oriented
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen
Inspections made by the Fully
Police officers 3.27 Implemented 4
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective Fully
barangays 3.30 Implemented 3
4. Information campaign Moderately
3.14 Implemented 6
5. Patrolling Fully
3.42 Implemented 1
6. Partnering with other Law
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs, Moderately
Force Multipliers and others 3.22 Implemented 5
Average Fully
3.28 Implemented

Next is “inspection by members of the Police

43
officers of all establishments that are

liquor-oriented” (3.31) is fully implemented in the

community. The implementers do the inspection to

check if the owners are abiding with the ordinance.

Third in rank is “implementation of the ordinance

by the barangay officials in their respective barangays”

with a weighted mean of 3.30. The fully implementation

of this strategy is attributed by the quality of duty

that is stipulated in the job of the barangay officials.

On the duties of barangay chairman stipulated in

SECTION. 389. Chief Executive: Powers, Duties, and

Functions; b.1) Enforce all laws and ordinances which

are applicable within the Barangay; b.3)Maintain public

order in the Barangay and, in pursuance thereof, assist

the city or municipal mayor and the sanggunian members

in the performance of their duties and functions; and

b.6) Organize and lead an emergency group whenever the

same may be necessary for the maintenance of peace and

order or on occasions of emergency or calamity within

the Barangay (Robles, n.d). Barangay Chairman is

responsible to the acts and duties of his subordinates

since they are representing one barangay.

44
 “Periodic inspection of the task force created by

the Municipal Mayor to strengthen Inspections made by

the Police officers” was perceived to be fully

implemented with a weighted mean of 3.27. The

implementation of this periodic inspection is regular

but it is done only once a year in every barangay.

However, the community residents are not much aware

about this periodic inspection that made them

unfamiliar.

“Partnering with other Law Enforcement Agencies,

NGOs/NGAs, Force Multipliers and others” has a weighted

mean of 3.22 interpreted as moderately implemented.

Officials from other agencies cannot collaborate easily

because of the wide area that they are catering. It

implies that they lack partnership with other officials.

Last rank is “Information campaign” with a weighted

mean of 3.14 having a description of moderately

implemented. It means that this strategy is not always

implemented since this needs a lot of planning and

preparation like lectures and dialogue among community

residents and owners.

45
 Information campaigns like fliers or leaflets can

be posted and can be filed in the office or by the

owners and community residents. Wide distribution of

fliers or leaflets even done seldom can suffice the

information campaign.

Difference between the perceptions of implementers

and community residents on the level of
implementation of the strategies used on
liquor ordinance

As gleaned in table 4.1, a difference was noted

between the perceptions of the implementers and

community residents. The implementers perceived the

implementation to be fully implemented while the

community residents perceived it to be moderately

implemented. It is so because the implementers are

aware of the strategies that they have been implementing

them and each of the strategy that they apply are

documented through their records.

Statistically, the p-value of .00 is lesser than

the alpha-value of 0.05 which means that there is a

significant difference in the perceptions between the

implementers and community residents. It implies that

46
the perceptions of the implementers significantly differ

from the perceptions of the community residents.

Hence, there is a significant difference between

the perceptions of the implementers and community

residents in the level of implementation of the

strategies in the implementing the liquor ordinance.

Table 4.1 Difference in the Level of implementation of

the strategies used in the implementation of liquor
ordinance
Indicators Implementer Residents
1. Inspection by members of the
Police officers of all
establishments that are 3.59 3.20
liquor-oriented FI MI
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the Municipal
Mayor to strengthen Inspections made by 3.62 3.13
the Police officers FI MI
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay officials in 3.59 3.18
their respective barangays FI MI
4. Information campaign 3.76 2.91
FI MI
5. Patrolling 3.84 3.27
FI FI
6. Partnering with other Law
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs, Force 3.41 3.15
Multipliers and others FI MI
Average 3.64 3.14
FI MI
p-value= 0.00 α = 0.05 *significant

47
 Correlation between the level of effectiveness

and implementation of the ordinance

Figure 2 through scatter plot shows the

correlation between the level of effectiveness and

level of implementation of the strategies used on

liquor ordinance through a scatter diagram. It has a

coefficient correlation of +0.68 which means that

there is a positive moderate correlation between the

level of effectiveness of the strategies used on

liquor ordinance and its level of implementation.

Scatter graph on the Correlation between

the Effectiveness and Implementation of
Strategies used on Liquor Ordinance
(+0.68)
3.60
3.50
3.40
Level

Effectiveness
3.30
Implementation
3.20
3.10
0 2 4 6 8

Figure 2. Correlation between the Effectiveness and

Implementation of Strategies used on Liquor Ordinance

48
 The figure indicates positive moderate correlation

which implies direct relationship. This was revealed by

the scatter plot that the points are reasonable closely

scattered about the underlying straight line, it is said that

the relationship between the level of effectiveness of

the strategies used and the level of implementation of

the strategies used nearly strong and positive though

not perfect. Also, it means that the effectiveness is

closely related with the implementation of the

strategies. It implies that strategies are effective

when implemented.

Summary of Findings

1. The liquor ordinance is moderate implemented

in Atok, Benguet. Significant difference was noted

between the implementers and community residents on the

implementation of liquor ordinance.

2. The Level of effectiveness of the strategies

used in the implementation of the liquor band is

moderately effective. Significant difference was noted

between the implementers and community residents on the

level of effectiveness of strategies used in the

implementation of liquor ordinance.

49
 3. The implementation of the strategies used in

implementing liquor ordinance is fully implemented.

Significant difference was noted between the

implementers and community residents on the

implementation of strategies on liquor ordinance.

4. There is a positive moderate correlation

between the level of effectiveness and the level of

implementation of the strategies used in liquor

ordinance.

50
 CHAPTER 4

Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the conclusions and

recommendations arrived at based on the findings of the

study according to the specific problems.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were

drawn:

1. The implementation of the liquor ordinance is

confirmed by moderately implementing them in the

municipality.

2. The moderate implementation of the strategies

can is monitored and applied in the municipality.

3. Implementers perceived the implementation of

the strategies used on liquor ordinance and the

community residents perceived this to be moderate.

4. The effectiveness of the strategies used in

implementing the liquor ordinance is closely related to

its implementation.

51
 Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, the

following are recommended:

1. There must be a full implementation of the

liquor ordinance for the improvement of the community.

2. Strengthen the application of the strategies

that are effective. Yet, partnership with other

agencies shall be done in order to have a more effective

collaboration.

3. With the fully implemented strategies, the

implementers should enhance and fully implement the

information campaign.

4. Collaboration between the implementers and

community residents are needed in order that the

strategies in implementing liquor ordinance will be at

its best.

52
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55
 Appendix C

Communication Letters

56
57
 Appendix A

Questionnaire

Personal Data:

Please check if: ___ Resident or store owner

___ Implementor

Part I. Level of Implementation of the Liquor Ordinance

Direction: Please check the column of your

perception on the level of implementation of the liquor
ordinance in Atok, Benguet, using the legend below:

4 – Fully Implemented (FI)

3 – Moderately Implemented (MI)
2 – Slightly Implemented (SI)
1 – Not Impelemented (NI)

Liquor Ordinance 4 3 2 1
FI MI SI NI
Section 1. No alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor, such as whiskey, gin,
brandy, rhum, beer, basi, tuba,
tapey and the like whether foreign-
brewed or locally manufactured shall
be sold, displayed, offered to
customers, drank, taken in, and/or
consumed, brought in any sari-sari
stores, restaurants, carinderias,
and other similar establishments
within a radius of two hundred (200)
lineal meters from any public
buildings, educational institutions
and/or churches. And, no such
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage,
wine and liquor shall be sold,
brought by any person in any
residential building, other private-
owned building within the same
distance from any public building,
educational institutions and/or
churches.

58
 4 3 2 1
FI MI SI NI
Section 2. No alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor shall be drank, taken in
and/or consumed in the immediate
edge of road ways, within road ways
of any public roads within the
territyorial jurisdiction of Atok
Municipality.
Section 3. Duly licensed sari-sari
stores, grocery stores, restaurants,
tiendas, carinderias, and other
similar establishments shall sell
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage,
wine and liquor only from 8:00AM to
8:00PM from Mondays to Saturdays
anmd on town fiestas then from
9:00AM to 2:00PM on Sundays, legal
or special holidays.
Section 4. No alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor whether foreign brewed or
locally manufactured shall be sold,
offered, dispensed, and/pr given to
person below 21 years of age.

In case of doubt, owners proprietors

and/or keepers of stores,
erstaurants and other similar
establishments duly licensed to sell
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage,
wine and liquor must demand the
production of the customer’s
residence certificate.
Section 5. No person below 21 years
of age shall carry, keep and/or
conceal any alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor whether foregin-brewed or
locally manufactured within a radius
of two hundred (200) lineal meters
from any public buildings,
educational institutions and/or
churches.

59
 4 3 2 1
FI MI SI NI
Section 6. Any person or persons
violating any provisions of Sections
1,2,3 and 4 of this Ordinance shall
be punished by a fine of not less
than five hundred pesos (PHP500.00),
for the first offense, one thousand
pesos (PHP1,000.00) for the second
offense and two thousand five
hundred pesos (PHP2,500.00) for the
third offense, or an imprisonment of
not less than three (3) months and
not exceeding six (6) months, or
both at the discretion of the court.
If the recidivist is the owner,
proprietor, manager or any person
entrusted with the operation or
administration of an establishment,
in addition to the fine or
imprisonment prescribed above, or
both, the permit/license for the
operation of his/her establishment
be automatically revoked and the
operation shall likewise be
automatically closed.

Such revocation shall forfeit all

sums which may have been paid in
respect for said privileges.

Part II. Level of Effectiveness of the Strategies Used

in the Implementation of Liquor Ordinance

Direction: Please check the column of your

perception on the level of effectiveness of the
strategies used by law enforcers in the implementation
of the liquor ordinance in Atok, Benguet, using the
legend below:

4 – Highly Effective (HE)

3 – Moderately Effective (ME)
2 – Slightly Effective (SE)
1 – Not Effective (NE)

60
Strategies 4 3 2 1
HE ME SE NE
1. Inspection by members of the
Police officers of all
establishments that are
liquor-oriented
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen
Inspections made by the
Police officers
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective
barangays
4. Information campaign
5. Patrolling
6. Partnering with other Law
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs,
Force Multipliers and others
7. Others, please specify

Part III. The level of implementation of the Strageies

Used in Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet.

Direction: Please check the column of your

perception on the level of implementation of the
strategies, using the legend below:

4 – Fully Implemented (FI)

3 – Moderately Implemented (MI)
2 – Slightly Implemented (SI)
1 – Not Implemented (NI)

Liquor Ordinance 4 3 2 1
FI MI SI NI
1. Inspection by members of the
Police officers of all
establishments that are
liquor-oriented
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen

61
 Inspections made by the
Police officers
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective
barangays
4. Information campaign
5. Patrolling
6. Partnering with other Law
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs,
Force Multipliers and others
7. Others, please specify

62
 Appendix C

Computations

Table 2.1 Difference in the Level of Implementation of

Liquor Ordinance

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable
Variable 1 2
Mean 3.16666667 2.69898
Variance 0.02345337 0.017732
Observations 6 6
Pooled Variance 0.02059278
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 10
t Stat 5.64492892
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.00010697
t Critical one-tail 1.8124611
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.00021395
t Critical two-tail 2.22813884

Table 3.1 Difference in the Level of Effectiveness of

the strategies in the Implementation of Liquor Ordinance

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable
Variable 1 2
Mean 3.4254386 3.161565
Variance 0.08571099 0.015844
Observations 6 6
Pooled Variance 0.05077754
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 10
t Stat 2.02824937
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.03500454
t Critical one-tail 1.8124611
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.07000908
t Critical two-tail 2.22813884

63
Table 4.1 Difference in the Level of implementation of
the strategies used in liquor ordinance

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable
Variable 1 2
Mean 3.63513514 3.141156
Variance 0.02242513 0.015136
Observations 6 6
Pooled Variance 0.01878059
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
Df 10
t Stat 6.2432999
P(T<=t) one-tail 4.7942E-05
t Critical one-tail 1.8124611
P(T<=t) two-tail 9.5884E-05
t Critical two-tail 2.22813884

Correlation between the level of effectiveness

and Level of implementation of the strategies

Column
Column 1 2
Column 1 1
Column 2 0.675051963 1

64