Memorandum of Law

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The document discusses the etymology and evolution of legal terminology such as 'prosecute' and 'pro se' representation. It also discusses principles of law like habeas corpus and separation of powers.

Some of the Latin roots and meanings discussed include religio (reverence for God), opinari (to have an opinion), election (choice), and prosequi (to follow forward in a course of action).

Some principles of law and maxims discussed include habeas corpus, burden of proof, presumption of innocence, and 'equity follows the law.'

Memorandum of Law

"Before there were intelligent beings, they were possible; they had therefore possible relations, and
consequently possible laws. Before laws were made, there were relations of possible justice. To say that
there is nothing just or unjust, but what is commanded or forbidden by positive laws, is the same as
saying that, before the describing of a circle, all the radii were not equal."
-Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, in "The Spirit of the Laws"

The Spirit of the Laws


http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/montesquieu-complete-works-vol-1-the-spirit-of-laws

Thomas Jefferson Notes on Virginia


http://docsouth.unc.edu/southlit/jefferson/jefferson.html

Mandamus is Law
Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803)
Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc., 551 U.S. 587 (2007)

Latin Religio meaning:


"reverence for God or the gods, careful pondering of divine things, piety"

Latin Opinari meaning:


"to have an opinion or "to think."

Election Latin Root


late 13c., from Anglo-French eleccioun, Old French elecion "choice, election, selection" (12c.), from
Latin electionem (nominative electio), noun of action from past participle stem of eligere

Select Latin Root


Latin sēlēctus (past participle of sēligere to gather apart), equivalent to sē- se- + leg(ere) to gather,
choose + -tus past participle suffix

Pro se legal representation (/ˌproʊ ˈsiː/ or /ˌproʊ ˈseɪ/) comes from Latin, literally meaning "on behalf
of themselves", which basically means advocating on one's own behalf before a court, rather than being
represented by a lawyer.

The Latin “prosequi” meant “to follow after, accompany, chase, pursue, attack, assail, or abuse.” It is
composed of the prefix “pro” meaning “forward” and “sequi,” meaning “follow,” in the same sense as
“sequel.” In its most literal sense, prosequi means, “follow forward.” In Latin, prosequi was usually
used in two ways: literally to mean “follow a path” or figuratively to mean “follow a course of action.”
The past participle of prosequi is “prosecutus.” Prosequi became a Latin agent noun “prosecutor” in
medieval times. Prosecutus became “prosecute” in the early 15th century, usually meaning “to go into
detail.” The first recorded use of the word to mean “bring to a court of law” is in the 1570s. At this
time, the person who brought a case in a court of law was a “promoter.” Prosecutor, in turn, acquired
its modern meaning in the 1620s.

"Forced worship stinks in God's nostrils"


-Roger Williams, President of the Colony of Rhode Island

The Federalist Papers, No. 10 & 51:


http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa10.htm
http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa51.htm

To Alexander Hamilton from William C. Bentley, 4 October 1799


From William C. Bentley
"Richmond [Virginia] October 4, 1799. “A few days before my arival at this place, some of the Troops
of the Regimt. of Artillerists & Engineers, of Capt. Eddins’s1 Company, stationed at this place, were
guilty of a most violent and flagrant breach of Civil Authority; the Circumstances were these; One of
their new recruits was discovered to be a fugitive from justice, he had been committed to a County
Court jail for Horse-stealing, which he broke and fled from. The Shff of that County discouvering him
among the Soldiers in Town, had him apprehended under a Warrant from a Magistrate of this City, and
which in possession of the Sheriff, he was rescued by Six or Seven of Eddins’s Soldiers, and Suffered
to make his escape.2 This has afforded another opportunity for the Jacobines Printers to sport with the
Standing Army, as they call it; The paper of this place, called the Examiner3 of which, that Scotch
Fugitive Callender,4 has the direction, has detailed the circumstances to the public, rather highly
coloured, and has called on all his Yoke Mates, (using his own Words) to notice it in their papers.…” "

The Volstead Act (1920)


Officially titled the National Prohibition Act
"Nothing in this title shall be held to apply to the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation,
possession, or distribution of wine for sacramental purposes, or like religious rites"

ULTRA VIRES;
Hilton v. Guyot, 159 U.S. 113 (1895); Leary v. United States, 395 U.S. 6 (1969); United States v.
Alfonso D. Lopez, Jr., 514 U.S. 549 (1995); United States v. Alvarez, 567 U.S. _ (2012)

Hemp Industries Association v. DEA, Nos. 03-71366, 03-71693 (2004)


"We have previously held that the definition of “THC” in Schedule I refers only to synthetic THC, and
that any THC occurring naturally within Cannabis is banned only if it falls within the Schedule I
definition of “marijuana.”...We reiterate that ruling here: in accordance with Schedule I, the DEA's
relevant rules and regulations may be enforced only insofar as they ban the presence of marijuana or
synthetic THC."

Glasser v. United States 315 U.S. 60 (1942)


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Fraternal Order of Police Newark Lodge No 12 V City of Newark 170 F.3d 359 (3d Cir. 1999)
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Katz v. United States 389 U.S. 347 (1967)
Weeks v. United States 232 U.S. 383 (1914
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Bivens v. Six Unknown Fed. Narcotics Agents 403 U.S. 388 (1971)
Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438, 485 (1928)
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Miranda v. Arizona 384 U.S. 436 (1966)
Rogers v. Richmond, 365 U.S. 534(1961)
Mitchell v. United States 313 U.S. 80 (1941)
Coffin V United States, 156 U.S. 432 (1895)
United States v. Levering, 431 F.3d 289, 294 (8th Cir.2005)
United States v. Reyes–Solano, 543 F.3d 474, 487 (8th Cir.2008)
Cuyler v. Sullivan 446 U.S. 335 (1980)
Holloway v. Arkansas, 435 U.S. 475 (1978)
Strickland v. Washington 466 U.S. 668 (1984)
Georgia v. Brailsford 2 U.S. 415 (1793)
Hoyt v. Florida 368 U.S. 57 (1961)
Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986)
McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U. S. 420 (1961)
Dandridge v. Williams, 397 U. S. 471 (1970)
F. S. Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia, 253 U. S. 412 (1920)
Levy v. Louisiana, 391 U. S. 68 (1968)
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Hagar v. Reclamation Dist., 111 U.S. 701, 708 (1884)
Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516, 537 (1884)
Strauder v. West Virginia 100 U.S. 303 (1879)
Ballard v. Hunter, 204 U.S. 241, 255 (1907)
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Mullane v. Central Hanover Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314 (1950)
Richards v. Jefferson County, 517 U.S. 793 (1996)
In re Winship 397 U.S. 358 (1970
)Sheppard v. Maxwell 384 U.S. 333 (1966)
Jackson v. Virginia 443 U.S. 307 (1979)
Cage v. Louisiana 498 U.S. 39 (1990)
Victor v. Nebraska 511 U.S. 1 (1994)
Ex Parte Young 209 U.S. 123 (1908)
North Carolina v. Pearce 395 U.S. 711 (1969)
Rumsfeld v. Padilla 542 U.S. 426 (2004)
Granholm v. Heald 544 U.S. 460 (2005)
44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island, 517 U.S. 484 (1996)
South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987)
Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Dias, 468 U.S. 263 (1984)
Bowman v. Chicago & Northwestern R. Co., 125 U.S. 465 (1888)
State v. Certain Appurtenances used in sale of intoxicating liquors 1915 OK 309 (1915)
United States of America, Appellee, v. Mario Biaggi, Stanley Simon, Richard Biaggi, Peter Neglia,john
Mariotta, and Bernard Ehrlich, Defendants-appellants, 909 F.2d 662 (2d Cir. 1990)

USC Title 42 Chapter 20A- Civil Rights Commission


USC Title 42 Chapter 21A- Privacy Protection
USC Title 42 Chapter 21B- Religious Freedom Restoration Act
USC Title 42 Chapter 21C- Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
USC Title 42 Chapter 21E- Privacy and Civil Rights Protection & Oversight
USC Title 42 Chapter 21, Subchapter IX- Miscellaneous Provisions
USC Title 42 Chapter 46- Justice System Improvement
USC Title 42 Chapter 42- Narcotic Addiction Rehab
USC Title 42 Chapter 60- Alcoholism Prevention
USC Title 42 Chapter 106- Community Services Block Grant Program
USC Title 42 Chapter 113- State Justice Institute
USC Title 42 Chapter 117- Encouraging Good Faith Professional Review Activities
USC Title 42 Chapter 123- Drug Abuse Education & Prevention
USC Title 42 Chapter 139- Volunteer Protection

Title 28 USC 144- Bias or Prejudice of Judge


Title 28 USC 351- Complaints; Judge Defined
Title 28 USC 455- Disqualification of Justice, Judge or Magistrate
Title 18 USC 242- Deprivation of Rights Under Color of Law
Title 18 USC 241- Conspiracy Against Rights
Title 18 USC 245- Federally Protected Activities
Title 18 USC 246- Deprivation of Relief Benefits
Title 42 USC 1985- Conspiracy to Interfere with Civil Rights
Title 18 USC 372- Conspiracy to Impede or Injure Officer
Title 18 USC 402- Contempts Constituting Crimes
Title 18 USC 552- Officers Aiding in Importation of Treasonous Articles
Title 18 USC 1964- Civil Remedies
Title 42 USC 1986- Action for Neglecting to Prevent
Title 42 USC 1987- Prosecution of Violation of Certain Laws
Title 42 USC 1989- US Magistrates; Appointment of Persons to Execute Warrants
Title 42 USC 1990- Marshal to Obey Precepts; Refusing to receive or Execute Process
Title 42 USC 1991- Fees; Persons appointed to Execute Process
Title 42 USC 1994- Peonage Abolished
Title 42 USC 1995- Criminal Contempt Proceedings; Penalties; Trial by Jury
Title 42 USC 1996- Protection and Preservation of Traditional Religions of Native Americans
Title 42 USC 1996a- Traditional Indian use of Peyote
Title 18 USC 3525- Victim Compensation Fund
Title 34 USC Chapter 201- Victim Rights, Compensation and Assistance

USC Title 18 Chapter 33- Emblems, Insignia & Names


USC Title 18 Chapter 37- Espionage & Censorship
USC Title 18 Chapter 39- Explosives & Other Dangerous Articles
USC Title 18 Chapter 40- Importation, Manufacture, Distribution and Storage of Explosives
USC Title 18 Chapter 44- Firearms
USC Title 18 Chapter 45- Foreign Relations
USC Title 18 Chapter 46- Forfeiture
USC Title 18 Chapter 65- Malicious Mischief
USC Title 18 Chapter 73- Obstruction of Justice
USC Title 18 Chapter 90- Protection of Trade Secrets
USC Title 18 Chapter 93- Public Officers and Employees
USC Title 18 Chapter 95- Racketeering
USC Title 18 Chapter 96- RICO
USC Title 18 Chapter 97- Land, Air, Water, Rail Transport
USC Title 18 Chapter 101- Records and Reports
USC Title 18 Chapter 109- Searches and Seizures
USC Title 18 Chapter 120- ECPA
USC Title 18 Chapter 121- Stored Wire and Electronic Communications
USC Title 18 Chapter 123- Prohibition on release of certain State Motor Vehicle Records
USC Title 18 Chapter 203- Arrest and Commitment
USC Title 18 Chapter 206- Pen Registers and Trap & Trace Devices
USC Title 18 Chapter 211- Jurisdiction and Venue
USC Title 18 Chapter 213- Limitations
USC Title 18 Chapter 233- Contempts

USC Title 1- General Provisions


USC Title 2- The Congress
USC Title 5, Appendix 5a- Federal Advisory Committee Act
USC Title 9- Arbitration
USC Title 21- Food & Drugs
USC Title 22- Foreign Relations and Intercourse
USC Title 24- Hospitals and Asylums
USC Title 27- Intoxicating Liquors
USC Title 28- Judiciary and Judicial Procedure
USC Title 34- Crime Control and Law Enforcement
USC Title 43- Public Lands
USC Title 47- Telecommunications
USC Title 49- Transportation

Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine


Doctrine of Commanding Precedent
Overbreadth Doctrine
Exhaustion of Remedies Doctrine
Presumption of Innocence
Reasonable Doubt
Standard of Review
Supremacy Clause
Due Process Clause
Assistance of Counsel Clause
Impartial Jury Clause
Compulsory Clause
Compulsory Process Clause
Vesting Clauses
Case or Controversy Clause
Benefit of Assumption
Burden of Proof

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. res. 217A (III), U.N. Doc A/810 at 71 (1948).
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/b1udhr.htm
Article 18

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp.
(No. 16) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, entered into force Mar. 23, 1976.
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/b3ccpr.htm
Article 18

Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or
Belief, G.A. res. 36/55, 36 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 51) at 171, U.N. Doc. A/36/684 (1981).
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/d4deidrb.htm
Article 1, Article 2, Article 4, Article 6 (definitely pay attention to sections C & H), Article 7

Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief (1986)


http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomReligion/Pages/FreedomReligionIndex.aspx
Mandate

Human Rights Committee, General Comment 22, Article 18 (Forty-eighth session, 1993). Compilation
of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, U.N.
Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 at 35 (1994).
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/gencomm/hrcom22.htm
2, 3, 4

Maxims

"The Conclusion as to the use of a thing from its abuse is invalid"

"Blessed is the exposition by which anything is saved from destruction"

"Intention is the soul of an instrument"

"The cause of the church is equal to public causes;and for the best reasons"

"An argument from a like case avails in law"

"No one is to be judged without being heard" Hear the other side

"Causes of dower, life, liberty, revenue, are among the favorable things in law"

"An argument from things frequently happening is common in law"

"An argument from division is most powerful in law"

"A good judge decides according to justice and right, and prefers equity to strict law"

"The argument from the greater to the lesser is of no force negatively, postively it is"

"Every kind of action proceeds in its own way"

"Abundant caution does no injury"

"The accessory right does not lead, but follows its principle"

"The action has not accrued within six years"

"A personal right of act dies with a person" this is why rich people make Trust funds for their kids,
because the trust fund can act as a person to hold the money when they are no longer alive to do it
themselves.

"When the plaintiff does not prove his case, the defendant is acquitted"

"External actions show internal secrets" this goes further to say that if someone is abusing an Authority
given to them by law, they are Trespassers in the Law.

"The burden of proof lies on the plaintiff"

"An act of law shall prejudice no man"


"The act itself does not constitute guilt unless done with guilty intent"

""It is the duty of the Justice to administer justice to everyone seeking it from them"

"To questions of fact a judge does not answer, to questions of law the jury do not answer"

"Equity follows law"

"That which is equal and good is the law of laws"

"It is one thing to possess, another to be in possession"

"A tree is so called while growing, but wood once it ceases to grow"

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