Guide to MRCPCH Written

Examinations
Contents

Foundation of Practice and Theory and Science (Old part 1a and 1b)  .......................................  3  

General Advice  ................................................................................................................................  3  

Structure  ...........................................................................................................................................  4  

Questions  .........................................................................................................................................  5  

Reference Books  .............................................................................................................................  6  

Online and question books  ............................................................................................................  7  

Applied Knowledge in Practice (Old part 2 written)  .......................................................................  8  

General advice  ................................................................................................................................  8  

The Exam  .........................................................................................................................................  8  

Question types  ..............................................................................................................................  10  

General Textbooks  .......................................................................................................................  10  

Question Books  .............................................................................................................................  10  

Websites  .........................................................................................................................................  11  

What to do if you fail  .....................................................................................................................  12  

 This guide to MRCPCH is designed to provide you with advice about how to approach
preparation for MRCPCH written examinations, and how to approach the exam questions
themselves.

This guide has been adapted from one provided for Wessex deanery trainees by Dr Claire
Head, Dr Rebecca Moon, Dr Rosada Sacranie and Dr Sebastian Grey. This document is not
intended to be for wider distribution than South London Paediatric Trainees. We thank the
original author for allowing us to amend the guide and make it applicable for South London
trainees.

In 2013 the Part 1A, 1B and Part 2 written examinations have undergone minor changes
with new supporting syllabi. You can now take the exams in any order; however most people
prefer to start with Part 1a and 1b.

• Part 1A has become the Foundation of Practice examination. Its format and content
is be unchanged and a syllabus is available to support candidates sitting this examination.

• Part 1B has become the Theory and Science examination. The emphasis of the
examination is to test the basic scientific, physiological and pharmacological principles upon
which clinical practice is based. The format of the examination is unchanged.

• From May 2013 the Part 2 examination will become the Applied Knowledge in
Practice (clinical decisions and management) examination. The syllabus is unchanged
but streamlined. The format of the examination has not changed.

Part 1 : Foundation of Practice and Theory and Science

General Advice
Firstly, unfortunately the exam is not about being a good or safe paediatrician. Hopefully
you are but this alone will not pass the exam. The exam is a game with its own rules and
peculiarities. Although having a good knowledge of paediatrics and revising using a textbook
can be helpful, Part 1 is all about being able to correctly identify the answer the examiners
want (which unfortunately may not be exactly what you have observed in clinical practice).

Do as many questions as possible, and then read around that particular subject. Don’t just
sit down and read a textbook from cover to cover. Passing the exam is based on pattern
recognition; the same areas come up again and again. This needs to be learnt by repeatedly
doing questions and backing it up with a solid grounding in each subject from book work.
Use a variety of books and website so you don’t get bored of always looking at the same
thing. If you have sat the exam multiple times and not passed try a different approach –
some people just don’t get on with question banks. It is worth working your way through as
many question books as possible and doing some really in depth reading on tricky subjects
other candidates struggle with. The exams are marked in such a way that extra weighting is
sometimes applied to questions which are viewed as being “good discriminators” – i.e. that
consistently high scoring candidates get right. Therefore focusing on the trickier subjects (eg
metabolic medicine/immunology/renal) and making sure you really understand these should
give you a foot up in the exam.

The questions disproportionately cover certain areas whilst ignoring others. As a

consequence the cornerstone to passing the exam is having done lots of similar (and
occasionally identical) questions before. Make sure that you cover certain topics well, such
as:

• Things that are going to kill that you can’t not know about (e.g. meningococcal
meningitis/sepsis, coarctation of the aorta and other duct-dependent cardiac defects,
non-accidental injury)

• Common syndromes – Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome.

• Development and growth

• Immunisations – schedule, who to/who not to. Note that immunisation schedules
have changed recently so unless you have the most up to date textbook do not use
information in textbooks- look at DOH website for up to date schedule. (Google
search: “green book”, or use the following link:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/immunisation-schedule-the-green-book-
chapter-11)

• Failure to thrive/faltering growth

• Focus on your weak areas e.g. basic science and stats - sorry! While boring areas to
revise for they are easy marks to gain as the questions tend to be easier than those
for other areas.

Exam technique, revision technique and knowing your own strengths and weaknesses
related to revision and written exams are just as important as knowing the subject well.

Think of how you have revised for past exams and what worked well for you. Also beware
which subjects you find interesting and are naturally good at and which you find less
interesting. It is more important to cover all areas of the curriculum quite well than know
some areas very well and others not at all. People often have a tendency to focus on areas
they find interesting or good at – this approach may not be helpful for passing the exam. A
revision timetable may be useful for some people in this respect, but whether or not you use
one make sure you allot time reasonably equally to all areas of the curriculum.

Use the resources available to you. The RCPCH has information on their website about all of
the parts of the exam, some of which has been included in this guide. The syllabus on the
website can provide a useful guide to the topics you should be covering. They also have
practice papers and answers found at: http://www.rcpch.ac.uk/training-examinations-
professional-development/assessment-and-examinations/written-examinations/wr-2

Structure
2 papers, Foundation of Practice (old 1a) and Theory and Science (old 1b). You may
apply to sit just Foundation of Practice or both parts. Each paper is 2 ½ hours in length.

Foundation of Practice is also sat by GPs doing the DCH so will include questions that have
a more general practice slant, e.g. prescribing contraceptive pill for teenagers, presentations
that may not reach hospital paediatrics, but will be seen in general practice and community
paediatrics.

Theory and Science contains more of the science of medicine – anatomy, physiology, patho-
physiology, side effects and actions of common drug and more complex problem solving
questions.

The papers are divided up into the following question types:

• 12 Extended matching questions (EMQ) worth 9 marks each (3 per item)

• 15 Multiple true-false questions worth 5 marks each (1 per item)
• 48 Best of five questions worth 4 marks each

Questions
Examples

Student BMJ has a good article on examine technique when answering MCQ’s. The article
can be found at: http://careers.bmj.com/careers/advice/bmj.330.7503.s228.xml

Multiple choice questions

The examiners are aiming with these questions to “test whether a candidate has true
knowledge of a fact or thinks that something similar (but wrong) sounds vaguely familiar.”

These are not negatively marked so you should aim to put down an answer even if you are
not sure.

They carry the least marks as a total of the three question types - do not spend too long on
the answers.

There are certain “rules” when answering these questions. This does not replace revision
and knowing the subject well, but may help you to avoid common tricks and answer
questions where you are not sure of the answer.

• Read the question carefully, don’t miss out key words. This cannot be emphasised
enough. If you are answering a question and you miss out the word “except” in the
phrase “all of the statements are correct except” you will put down the wrong answer.

• Trust your instinct - your initial answer is likely to be correct.

• However do leave time to check your answers at the end and that you haven’t read
the question wrong the first time.

• They usually test subjects where there is little ambiguity - a definite yes/no answer.

• However, as a rule answers with always or never are usually false as rarely in
medicine does something always happen or never happen.

• Beware double negatives, not uncommon and not infrequently both mean often.

• Beware the meaning of words used in questions, for example typically means
usually.

• Answers containing numbers can be tricky. Those containing very precise figures for
example 59% are unlikely to be true. Ask yourself what the number means in the
 context of the question. For example if the question states 75% of infants walk by
their first birthday, ask yourself do the majority of infants walk by their first birthday?

• In questions where one of the answers is “all of the above” if you know that at least 2
of the stem answers are correct then it is likely that they are all correct, and all of the
above is the correct answer.

Extended matching questions

Similar to best of 5 questions. A statement is given, and then the candidate then has to pick
the answer from the attached list. Is a good way of using laboratory tests in a question. As in
best of 5 questions should only cover one aspect of a topic such as:

• Choose the most likely diagnosis from the following.

• Choose the best treatment for each of these children.
• Choose the organism which matches most closely each of the following case
scenarios.

Best of Five

Carry the most marks of the total in part 1 written.

These questions are designed to test judgment and experience. They start with a statement,
and are followed by 5 answers. Some of the answers will be correct, but only one will be the
most appropriate answer to the statement. This makes them the most difficult question to
answer as it can be hard to pick the right option of the 5 possible ones offered. Should only
cover one aspect of a topic, so possible questions may be:

• "What is the most likely diagnosis?"

• "Which investigation is most likely to lead to a diagnosis?"
• "What is the best next step?"
• "What is the best advice to give to parents?"
• "What is the most likely pathogenesis of this condition?"
• "What is the most common cause of this?"

As the best of 5 carry the most marks and are more difficult to answer, you should make
sure that you complete as many of this question type as possible.

Reference Books
Get one or two good textbooks that work for you, but no more.
• Lissauer and Claydon, Illustrated Guide to Paediatrics
Some may find oversimplified, but provides a good starting point. Lots of pictures and
includes lots of summary boxes and tables, which are really helpful.

• Beattie, Essential Revision notes in Paediatrics for MRCPCH

Very good reference textbook. Not the easiest to read. If you’re struggling with how to
pass the exam – one approach is to read this, making notes as you go, then
condense your notes again and again and again – eventually you’ll have a good
grasp of all the content in the textbook – significantly increases your chance of
passing.
 • Easterbrook, Basic Medical Science for MRCP part 1
Best book for basic science - particularly good respiratory and cardiology chapters.

• Sheldon, From Birth to Five Years

Best book for early child development, which you will need to know, particularly for
part 1 and clinical.

• Levene, MRCPCH Mastercourse

MRCPCH Mastercourse is endorsed by the RCPCH. It does not cover the complete
content of the exam. You will either love or hate the format, with a mixture of
standard text and case histories. Bright and colourful, but actually contains no more
information than some of the standard undergraduate textbooks and at £200 it
certainly is not the cheapest book around. Does come with a CD of various
examinations and pictures and access to a website. However the website is not very
user friendly and has limited content, although pictures are useful for part 2.
Definitely one to try before you buy!

Online and question books

• Pastest offer a number of different books, all of which are good. Pastestonline.co.uk
also has a website of over 1500 exam questions which is good valuable for money
and easy to use.

• www.onexamination.com has a bank of over 3000 questions. These are much easier
than the ones in the exam so aim for an average mark of over 70% (pass mark is
around 60-63% in the exam).

• Practice papers on RCPCH website – it would be stupid not to do these!

Applied Knowledge in Practice (old Part 2 Written)

General advice

• More clinically based, therefore more enjoyable (it’s all relative) to revise for.

• The questions are more predictable.

• Focus on weak areas - metabolic, stats, renal, growth and endocrine questions are
all popular areas that are very boring to revise for but crop up disproportionately in
the exam!

• Do as many questions as possible, and then read around the area.

• Revision diagrams/flow charts – particularly for things like metabolic medicine,

immunology and heart murmurs can be a really useful way of approaching difficult
areas.

The Exam

2 papers each 2 ½ hours in length. The exam contains a mixture of:

Grey Cases

• Long case histories, often lasting several paragraphs with or without blood
gases/blood test results. It’s important to highlight key points as you read through
and re-read the case several times or you will forget what it says.

• These include common topics and very uncommon. You will almost certainly come
across a few things in the answers that you have never heard of!

• Eliminate answers that you know it definitely is not and you will probably be left with 2
or 3 answers, the task is then to pick out the key information that separates the
conditions – think about this when revising, look at conditions which present similarly
and how they differ. If, after extensive revision, you haven’t heard of one of the
answers – don’t pick it – it’s most probably been put in to confuse you!

• Questions will include:

o Diagnosis
o Most appropriate investigation
o Management

Data interpretation

• Blood results – often with case histories as above

• Blood gases – as above

• ECG
 o Have to be obvious e.g. complete heart block, WPW, SVT, sinus tachycardia.
o Good paper to look at is Paediatric Electrocardiograph BMJ 2002; 234:1382-5

• Spirometry

• EEG – (Gaon, Paediatric exams, A survival guide gives an excellent description of

EEGs)
o Hypsarrythmia
o 3 Hz spike and wave
o Encephalitis
o Temporal lobe epilepsy

• Audiograms
o Sensorineural versus conductive hearing loss

• Cardiac catheter data – draw it out as a diagram

• Statistics/Critical appraisal/Study design

o Interpretation of p values, confidence intervals
o Odds ratios
o Most appropriate study design to answer questions

Pictures

• The images must be obvious enough to be able to be photocopied multiple times and
shrunk.

• Tend to be more common diagnoses than appear in the grey case questions.

• Important to know rashes and common dysmorphic syndromes

• Get two good question books, one, which focuses on rashes, etc, and one, which
focuses on radiology.

• Good questions to do when you are too tired to focus on anything else

• Google image all syndromes, rashes as you read about them

• Don’t forget radiology: CXR, AXR, head CTs and abdominal CTs, renal imaging
(DMSA, MAG3)
o Pneumonia
o Inhaled FB
o Diaphragmatic hernia
o Abdominal tumours

• Neonatal radiology lends itself well to the exam. Make sure that you have gone
through:
o Line and tube placement
! UVC and UAC
! Central lines
! ET tube
o CXR
! Barotrauma: pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardum
 ! Cystic lesions in the chest: diaphragmatic hernia, Cystic Adenomatoid
Malformation (CAM), congenital lobar emphysema
! Diffuse infiltrates: Hyaline membrane disease, Transient tachypneoa
of the newborn, Neonatal pneumonia, Meconium aspiration syndrome
! Tracheal-oesophageal fistula, oesophageal atresia
o AXR - Meconium ileus, necrotizing enterocolitis, perforation, atresias.
o HUSS - would have to be obvious, i.e. grade 4 intra cranial bleed or cystic
changes.

Question types

• Best of 5 - as in part 1, pick the most correct option from the 5 possible answers.

• Extended matching - a list of options is given at the beginning of each question. In

response to each statement you must choose the most appropriate answer from the
list given.

• N from many - you are required to choose a number of options from a longer list,
such as treatment options.

General Textbooks
• Beattie, Essential Revision notes in Paediatrics for MRCPCH
Very good reference textbook. Not the most exciting read but going into the exam
feeling confident that you know the majority of this textbook will seriously increase
your chances of passing. If it’s not in the textbook, it’s pretty unlikely to be in the
exam.

• Paul Gaon, Paediatric Exams, A Survival Guide

Amazing textbook – lots of candidates feel this all you really need to pass the exam.
Well laid out, focuses on knowledge to get you through the exam, not for everyday
ward problems. There’s no one we know who hasn’t found this textbook helpful.
Includes lots of examples of data interpretation such as cardiac catheter data, lung
function and audiograms. No pictures though.

• Stephen Stobel, The Great Ormond Street Colour Handbook of Paediatrics and
Child Health
Good photographic material in this book, containing more information on slightly
more unusual diagnoses than found in other textbooks.

Question Books
Make sure you buy or borrow a question book that focuses on:

• Data interpretation
• Radiological imaging
• Picture book- syndromes, rashes etc.
• Grey cases (See below number 3)

The Past test revision books are generally very good. Pass Paediatrics and Churchill
Livingstone also does a good range of question books.
Below are a list of some examples:

• Nick Barnes and Julian Forton, Questions for the MRCPCH Part 2 Written
Examinations.
Focuses on grey case questions, which are not seen in part one so most people have not had
much practice at this style of question. The questions are very difficult, and include a brilliant
question on renal and another on metabolic problems. The metabolic question includes an
excellent table at the end of the explanation which if learnt will enable you to answer most
metabolic questions.

• Kate Crease, MRCPCH Part 2 Questions and answers for the new format exam
Good range of question styles and topics covered in this easy to use book. No pen
and paper required, as answers are provided on the back of the question, so can be
used absolutely anywhere. Questions seem easier than the actual exam and grey
cases are not as detailed or lengthy as found in the real thing!

• J Robertson, 250 Questions for the MRCPCH Part 2

Separate chapters on each of the data interpretation elements that you may find in
the exam. Good for practice once you have an idea of how to start interpreting but
explanations are not as detailed as in other books. Good to use in conjunction with
the Gaon book.

• Christopher Schelvan, Paediatric radiology for MRCPCH and FRCR

Excellent for radiology revision. Well laid out, good quality pictures and explanation
explanation/key points.

• Nagi Barakat, Get Through MRCPCH Part 2: 125 Questions on Clinical

Photographs
Focusing on photographic questions. Contains good quality photographs, but content
can be more obscure than in the actual exam.

• Nagi Barakat, Get Through MRCPCH Part 2: Data Interpretation Questions

More challenging data interpretation questions than found in other revision books,
similar difficulty to the exam although not the same format.

• Fiona Finlay, Data interpretation questions in paediatrics

Challenging but useful data interpretation questions, also similar difficulty to the exam
though not in the same format

Websites

• www.onexamination.com – rather limited question bank, which are generally not the
standard or format of the part 2 examination.

• www.pastestonline.co.uk – a greater number of questions than other online question

banks but very few have photographs or data to interpret except for blood results.
Cases are significantly shorter than those seen in the exam. Good for knowledge
consolidation.

• Exam papers on RCPCH website

What to do if you fail
There are people who find they are good at passing exams and then there are the rest of us
who struggle with them. By now you will probably know which type you are. The section
below is for those of you that struggle or are struggling with exams. I make no mistakes for
being repetitive as some of the points below are worth repeating.

Firstly you are not alone. Secondly do not despair, the exams are designed to be tough. The
pass mark for both exams varies, but is usually between 62-65%. The exams are not a
representation of your ability to be a good doctor – in fact, some of the best clinicians fail
these exams repeatedly but fly through MRCPCH clinical first time. They are a hurdle and
you will get through them, I promise, no matter how awful it feels when you fail.

After the exam you will get a breakdown from the college showing you how you did overall,
and in each subject area. You will also get a median and mean mark to compare your
breakdown to. Try to identify the areas using your breakdown that you struggled with and
formulate an action plan to tackle them next time. It may also help to talk it through with
someone at work or someone who has struggled with the exam.

The main reasons that usually cause candidates to fail are:

• Not revising for long enough.

Everyone is different, but we would recommend setting aside 8 weeks revision for the
first 2 parts. You will need to plan to revise for longer than in the past as finding the
time between working shifts is much harder than revising at medical school. If at all
possible try to take some time off the week before the exam to consolidate and focus
wholly on the exam. You should also take a stretch of time off 1 month before to get
on top of your study and not leave it all too late.

• Not enough focus

A few lucky people can get by and pass while still having a social life and enjoying
their time off work. They are in the minority. Most people cannot have a social life
whilst doing these exams.

Not planning ahead.

• Speak to your educational supervisor/college tutor and let them know you are
intending to sit part of the MRCPCH during your placement and that you would like to
take study leave in order to prepare for this. If a tutor is aware several trainees are
sitting the exam – then prospective cover and leave can be arranged in advance.
• Try and take as much study leave as possible in the weeks prior to the exam. If you
can’t – use annual leave – we know it sucks but the freedom from exams once
you’ve passed will be worth your while.
• If you’re having problems getting leave talk to your college tutor, and if that fails your
Training Programme Director.
• On your days/weekends off for at least 6 weeks break down each day into 3 chunks
– morning, afternoon and evening. Spend 2 out 3 revising – then do something fun in
the third. Planning “fun” things helps keep your sanity, and reduces stress levels.
• There are apps like “stayfocusd” you can download to block facebook/twitter etc for
controlled periods of time – really useful if you tend to get distracted checking out a
schoolfriend’s neighbour’s sister’s holiday photos. Google “website blocker + study
aid “ or follow this link to download “stayfocusd”
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/stayfocusd/laankejkbhbdhmipfmgcngdelahlfoji
?hl=en
 • Plan a “study session” with colleagues after work – sometimes going through
questions with others can help, it also breaks up the isolation of revising on your own.

• Poor revision technique.

This is more relevant to the written exams. It is impossible to revise and retain all the
subject areas that you could be tested on. Some people recommend doing as many
questions as possible and then reading around that area as the same subjects come
up again and again. If you’ve tried this approach and it hasn’t worked – then we
found the best approach was to systematically work your way through the syllabus,
using a textbook alongside - Beattie’s “Essential Revision Notes in Paediatrics” is
particularly useful in this regard. Find easy ways to retain boring subjects such as
drawing out flow diagrams.
If you want useful tips on revising – speak to an ST4+ colleagues who have recently
completed the exams; we’ve all been through this exam – and are more than willing
to help and support you.

• Poor exam technique.

If you think that this may be the case try and sit down with someone and go through
some questions with them, discussing the answers as you go.
Common causes for failure are “overthinking”. The examiner is not trying to catch
you out – honestly. Try not to be too suspicious when answering questions. For
example – if you’re reading a question where one of the answer options nearly fits
but not quite – pick this rather than an answer you’ve never heard of. If you’ve
revised well, it’s likely that you’ll have covered all the diseases which are the correct
answers in the exam - don’t panic and pick a disease which has 7 reported cases in
the world ever -trust me - it’s very frustrating when you come out of the exam and
discover this on Wikipedia afterwards.
Similarly – don’t panic and change answers at the last minute unless you are 100%
sure – it’s likely that your first instinct was correct.

• Not enough confidence

You need to KNOW you can pass these exams. You are not stupid, you are a good
doctor - you wouldn’t have got this far otherwise. Saying ‘I think I’m going to fail’ can
be self fulfilling and not useful to your confidence. You have to go into this exam with
the knowledge that you can do this.

• Having the wrong attitude

If you find yourself saying ‘if I fail then it’s OK - I can sit it next time’ then you are
more likely to fail. In this case your attitude to studying and sitting the exam is wrong.
You need to be studying to pass.

• Personal Issues
Try looking at the reasons you might be failing. If you are planning a wedding, having
a baby, breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend, moving house or fighting illness it is
worth considering putting off the exam until you can focus on it. It is OK to take a
break from sitting the exams to sort out your life and your attitude to the exam.

An appeals process does exist, if you feel that you have grounds. The details are available
on the college website.

There are many resources available at deanery level if you are struggling with the exams. If
you are worried about failing you are more likely to pass if you ask for help earlier. Most
candidates struggle with at least one of the three parts of the exam, so don’t feel you are
alone. Talk to your clinical supervisor, college tutor or someone on your team if you feel you
would like some help.

If you like to discuss the matter with someone from South Thames LETB please contact
Dr Atefa Hossain (South Thames Paediatric TPD) [email protected]

GOOD LUCK!

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
This  guide  was  compiled  by  Dr  Emma  Sherwood  and  was  based  on  an  original  document  written  by  
Dr  Claire  Head,  Dr  Rebecca  Moon,  Dr  Rosada  Sacranie  and  Dr  Sebastian  Grey.  Many  thanks  to  Dr  Atefa  Hossain  
for  her  help  in  reviewing  the  guide.  Contact  Emma  Sherwood  ([email protected])  with  any  suggestions  or  
corrections.  Opinions  expressed  are  those  of  the  authors  and  not  London  School  of  Paediatrics.