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Compression

The document describes a study to determine the mechanical properties of wood, aluminum, and steel specimens under compression testing. Three sizes of each material were tested using a universal testing machine. The experiment measured the original specimen size, recorded the maximum load and load at failure, and generated load-displacement curves. Graphs of compressive stress-strain were also plotted from the experimental data and used to determine properties like yield stress, ultimate strength, and modulus of elasticity.

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Logeswaron Thambirajah
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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79 views

Compression

The document describes a study to determine the mechanical properties of wood, aluminum, and steel specimens under compression testing. Three sizes of each material were tested using a universal testing machine. The experiment measured the original specimen size, recorded the maximum load and load at failure, and generated load-displacement curves. Graphs of compressive stress-strain were also plotted from the experimental data and used to determine properties like yield stress, ultimate strength, and modulus of elasticity.

Uploaded by

Logeswaron Thambirajah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objective

1) To study and observe the techniques of the compression testing.

2) To determine the mechanical properties on three different sizes of the tested specimens.

Apparatus

a) Universal testing machine (UTM) – Instron Series 8500

b) Vernier caliper

c) Compression specimens: wood, aluminium and steel.

Procedures

a) The original size of specimen was measured by using vernier caliper.

b) The specimen was centered between the compression test plates.

c) The required parameters was set on the control panel

d) The load recorder was adjusted to zero

e) The specimen was observed as the load is gradually applied

f) Maximum load was recorded and the load was continued until fracture

g) The machine was stop and the specimen was removed

h) The experiment was repeated with other samples

i) The type of failure for each experiment was observed and described.
Wood 1 Wood 2
Vertical Horizontal

Original Width Wo (mm) 42.00 57.00

Original Depth Do (mm) 44.00 43.70

Original Length Lo (mm) 59.00 41.20

RESULTS

1) Original cross-sectional area , Ao (mm2) :-

a) Wood 1

Ao = original length x original width

= 59.00 × 42.00

=2478 mm2

b) Wood 2

Ao = original length x original width

= 41.20 × 57.00

=2348.4 mm2

2) Load-Displacement Curve

a) Graph 1 shows the load-displacement graph for wood 1


GRAPH 1

b) Graph 2 shows the load-displacement graph for wood 2

GRAPH 2
3) On the load-displacement graph

a) Wood 1

i. Maximum load Fmax (N)

= 85.0kN

ii. Load taken by the specimen at the of failure Ff (N)

= 48.0kN

a) Wood 2

i. Maximum load Fmax (N)

= 15.80kN

ii. Load taken by the specimen at the of failure Ff (N)

= 9.00kN

5) Plotting compressive stress-compressive strain graph :-

a) Wood 1

Compressive Load Compressive Compressive stress Compressive strain


(kN) extension (mm) (MPa)

0 0 0 0
10.00 0.36 4.036 0.0061
20.00 0.43 8.071 0.0073
30.00 0.52 12.107 0.0088
40.00 0.68 16.142 0.0115
50.00 0.74 20.178 0.0125
60.00 0.88 24.213 0.0149
70.00 1.06 28.249 0.0180
80.00 1.37 32.284 0.0232
From the wood 1’s graph,

i. Yield stress =12.107MPa

ii. Ultimate compressive strength =32.284MPa

iii. Modulus of elasticity =4.036-0MPa0.0061-0

=661.64GPa

iv. Proportional limit =4.036MPa

b) Wood 2

Compressive Load Compressive Compressive stress Compressive strain


(kN) extension (mm) (MPa)

0 0 0 0
2.00 0.12 0.852 0.0029
4.00 0.24 1.703 0.0058
6.00 0.31 2.554 0.0075
8.00 0.40 3.407 0.0097
10.00 0.52 4.258 0.0126
12.00 0.73 5.109 0.0177
14.00 1.22 5.962 0.0296
16.00 1.74 6.813 0.0422

From the wood 2’s graph,

i. Yield stress =5.019MPa

ii. Ultimate compressive strength =6.813MPa

iii. Modulus of elasticity =1.703-0MPa0.058-0

=1.645GPa

Proportional limit =1.703MPa

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