CER Survey
CER Survey
CER Survey
Certified Emission Reduction (CER) Survey
The objective of following survey is to assess the usage of CERs as a method of financing, risk
diversification and speculation among Indian corporate. This idea is to assess the extent of carbon
finance within the realm of overall corporate finance.
Abbreviations / Terminologies
1. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) : As one of the Kyoto Protocol's ‘flexibility mechanisms’,
the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows industrialized countries that have, as Kyoto parties,
committed to reduce their national carbon emissions, to support climate mitigation projects in
developing countries, such as renovating power plants or installing solar panels. Since the cost of
carbon abatement is often lower in developing than in industrialized countries, the CDM allows
industrialized countries to costeffectively reduce their greenhouse gas emissions while promoting
sustainable development in countries that host CDM projects (Grubb 2003)
2. Certified Emission Reductions(CER): CDM allows industrialized countries with emission reduction
commitments, to fully or partially fulfill their emission reduction targets by procuring Certified Emission
Reductions (CERs) from GHG abatements projects in developing countries. A "certified emission
reduction" or "CER" is a unit representing one tonne of carbon dioxideequivalent (CO2e) sequestered
or abated, CERs are issued to project participants in CDM projects pursuant to Article 12 of the Kyoto
Protocol and the CDM modalities. The CDM market is differentiated into a primary market that is
projectrelated with a longterm orientation & involvement in CO2 reducing projects like afforestation,
reforestation, fuel switch, renewable energy etc and into a secondary market that relates to trading with
options and futures on projectgenerated primary CERs.
3. Carbon emission and sequestration (CES) accounting: Mechanisms for calculating the quantum
of CO2 either emitted by a source or sequestered in a biomass sink? The issue for the accounting
profession is the monetary value ($Z) of the CO2 that these CES Accounting measurements say has
been either removed from the atmosphere or saved from being emitted by an organization’s products,
services, equipment and processors. The existence of an efficient carbon trading market would be able
to put a price on this in terms of a Carbon Credit (or allowance). In addition, the traditional accounting
reports would need to recognize that certain non – current assets (or liabilities) could also give rise to
future carbon related revenues and expenses. Freely allocated allowances are considered as
opportunity cost and purchase allowances as hard costs, thereby accounting for carbon emission cost
as one of the internal cost of business activities?
*Required
1. Has your organization attempted to measure its annual greenhouse gases emissions? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No
Our Organization does not emit any greenhouse gas
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2. Does your company use “Carbon emission and sequestration (CES) accounting ? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No
Carbon Emission Cost
3. Whether carbon emission cost should be accounted for as one of the internal cost of
business activities? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No
Not Now
Can't say
4. Do you account for the carbon emission cost in some form ? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No Skip to question 6.
We do not emit any greenhouse gas Skip to question 6.
5. Please specify, how do you account for the
carbon emission cost .
6. What, in your opinion, is the best way to
account for carbon emission cost ?
Buying Secondary CERs
7. Does your company buy secondary CERs ? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No Skip to question 12.
8. What do you buy ? *
Mark only one oval.
CER Spot
CER Future
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9. What do you buy it for ? *
Mark only one oval.
Investments
Offset your Emissions Skip to question 12.
Other: Skip to question 12.
Investment in Carbon Instruments
10. What is the percentage of your investment in these secondary CERs as a percentage of total
investments? *
Mark only one oval.
< 10%
10%25%
25%50%
> 50%
11. Have you gained from this kind of investment in secondary CERs? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No
Selling Secondary CERs
12. Does your company sell secondary CERs *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No Skip to question 16.
13. What do you sell ? *
Mark only one oval.
CER Spot
CER Future
14. Where do you trade these? *
Mark only one oval.
Carbon Exchanges
Privately through other intermediaries
Other:
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15. Do you engage in short selling of CERs ? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No
Investment in Primary CERs Projects
16. Has your company invested the capital in the projects, which can generate primary CERs? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No Skip to question 20.
Investment in Primary CERs Projects
17. Where did you invest for primary CERs? *
Mark only one oval.
Your organization's own projects
Projects of other organizations in your country
Projects in another country
18. What is the return on your investment on Primary CERs? *
Mark only one oval.
< 5%
5% 10 %
10% 20%
> 20%
CERs have not been generated yet
Have not sold the generated CERs yet
Can't be estimated since no additional investment was made for the process of the project
which generated CERs
19. How are you accounting for these self generated CERs ? *
Mark only one oval.
As Intangible assets
As Inventory to be sold
Not Accounting so far
CERs have not been generated yet
Future of Carbon Instruments
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20. There is an uncertainty over Kyoto Protocol after Dec 2012. Do you think that the issuance of
CERs for the existing approved projects will continue till 2020 ? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No
21. Which of the following CERs, do you think will prove to be a promising financial product in
the market? *
Sensitivity of p means if any determinant of CER is increased by 1%. price of CER increases by
p%. The price of € 10/tCO2 means 10 Euros per ton of CO2 emission allowance/offset
Mark only one oval.
Low CER price band (€ 0 – € 10/tCO2), Low sensitivity (< 1)
High CER price bands ( > € 10/tCO2), Low sensitivity (< 1)
Low CER price band (€ 0 – € 10/tCO2), High sensitivity (>= 1)
High CER price bands ( > € 10/tCO2), High sensitivity (>= 1)
Prime Strengths of CDM/CER
22. Can you comment about Prime Strengths of CDM/CER ? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No Skip to question 24.
Prime Strengths of CDM/CER
23. Prime Strengths of CDM/CER? *
Ranking: 1 for most important and 7 for least important
Mark only one oval per row.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Cost efficiency it's cheaper than
EUAs for companies to fulfill
emission compliance
Flexibility by adding the CDM
option to their compliance tool box
Banking companies can
choose to use their left out CERs
in the next commitment period
Transfer of capital and technology
and inflow of foreign direct
investments into developing
countries
Increased liquidity and
understanding of the Carbon
market
UN is involved
Developing Countries are involved
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Prime Weaknesses of CDM/CER
24. Can you comment about Prime Weaknesses of CDM/CER ? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No Skip to question 26.
Prime Weaknesses of CDM/CER
25. Prime weaknesses of the CDM/CER? *
Ranking: 1 for most important and 7 for least important
Mark only one oval per row.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bureaucracy of the CDM in
general and of the Executive
Board in particular
Methodology of financial
additionality is subjective &
difficult to apply
Disparity in regional distribution of
CDM projects
Role of host countries no
international procedures exists for
oversight of the national
authorities’ management
International Transaction Log not
operational yet
Weak and distorted demand
Post 2012 uncertainty
Future Prospects of CDM/CER
26. Can you comment about Future Prospects of CDM/CER ? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No Skip to question 30.
Future Prospects of CDM/CER
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27. CDM future is grim due to excess supply and deficiency of demand. Rank following
measures, you think will be needed to stabilize the CDM/CER in the coming years, especially
in the wake of uncertainties to continue Kyoto agreement *
Ranking: 1 for most important and 7 for least important
Mark only one oval per row.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Removal of Quantitative
restrictions on CERs for EU
countries, which restricts the
company to surrender CER in
place of EUA only up to a certain
percentage
Continuation of Banking of CERs,
by which CERs of one phase can
be used in the subsequent phases
too
Standardizing the CER product,
Currently CERs vary in terms of
features of additionality clause,
baseline emissions etc
Lowering the transaction cost of
CERs in terms of validation,
monitoring, and verification
Ensuring certainty for the validity
of post2012 CDM projects
Including Carbon Capture and
Storage projects in CDM
Getting the International
Transaction Log operational
28. What are your comments on "Qualitative restrictions on CDM CERs imposed in Europe from
2013 onward (like accepting CERs only from industrial gas destruction projects and new
projects originating from lessdeveloped countries only, etc.)?
29. Any Other Suggestion for strengthening of
CER/CDM Mechanism?
Please tell us about yourself
30. Name
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31. Organization *
32. Sector *
Mark only one oval.
Power Generation
Steel
Energy Oil, Natural Gas, Coal
Refineries
Manufacturing
Environment
Infrastructure
Transport
Other:
33. Country *
34. State
Thank you very much for your time and patience! The results of
this survey will soon be shared with you. Please click "SUBMIT"
below to record your responses
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