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Drag Lines

Dragline excavators are the largest earthmoving machines and are used for surface mining and civil engineering projects. They consist of a drag rope, large bucket, boom, hoist rope, and driving motors. Draglines are used for road excavation, pile driving, port construction, surface mining, deep excavation, and underwater excavation. Their size is indicated by the bucket size in cubic yards. The excavating cycle involves swinging the empty bucket to the digging position, dragging the filled bucket towards the machine using the drag rope and hoist rope, and then releasing the tension on the drag rope to dump the load. Dragline production depends on factors like the material, depth, swing angle, bucket size/type, boom length

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908 views4 pages

Drag Lines

Dragline excavators are the largest earthmoving machines and are used for surface mining and civil engineering projects. They consist of a drag rope, large bucket, boom, hoist rope, and driving motors. Draglines are used for road excavation, pile driving, port construction, surface mining, deep excavation, and underwater excavation. Their size is indicated by the bucket size in cubic yards. The excavating cycle involves swinging the empty bucket to the digging position, dragging the filled bucket towards the machine using the drag rope and hoist rope, and then releasing the tension on the drag rope to dump the load. Dragline production depends on factors like the material, depth, swing angle, bucket size/type, boom length

Uploaded by

Shafiek Ismail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Dragline falls in heavy equipment’s category. Dragline excavator is used for civil engineering
projects and surface mining. Dragline is the largest equipment ever built on this planet. It has
the ability to excavate very deep down the earth. Word drag is used because it has the ability
to drag material at far distance from the machine. Dragline consists of drag rope, large bucket,
boom, hoist rope and driving motors. As shown in the figure;

http://www.engineeringintro.com/all-about-construction-equipments/dragline-excavator/

USES OF DRAGLINE
i. Road excavation
ii. Deep down pile driving
iii. Construction of ports, harbour etc.
iv. Surface mining
v. Deep down excavation
vi. Under water excavation

TYPES OF DRAGLINE
i. Wheel mounted dragline
ii. Crawler type dragline
iii. Truck mounted dragline/portable dragline.
SIZE OF A DRAGLINE
i. The size of the dragline is indicated by the size of the bucket, expressed in cubic yards.
ii. However, most cranes may handle more than one size bucket, depending on the length
of the boom utilized and the unit weight of the material excavated.
iii. The relationship between bucket size and boom length and angle is presented in Fig.
18.3.

OPERATION OF A DRAGLINE
i. The excavating cycle begins when the operator, swings the empty bucket to the digging
position while at the same time releasing the tension on the drag and hoist lines.
ii. There are separate drums on the crane unit for the drag and hoist line cable.
iii. Therefore, a good operator can coordinate their motion into a smooth operation.
iv. Digging is accomplished by pulling the bucket toward the machine while regulating the
digging depth by means of the tension maintained in the hoist cable.
v. When the bucket filled, the operator pulls in the hoist cable while playing out the drag
cable.
vi. The bucket is so constructed that it will not dump its contents until the drag cable
tension is released.
vii. Releasing the tension on the drag cable causes the tension on the dump cable and drag
chain to also be released, and the front (open end) of the bucket falls vertically allowing
the material to slide out.
viii. Hoisting, swinging, and dumping of the loaded bucket follow in the order; then the
cycle is repeated.
ix. Compared to a hydraulic excavator, a dragline bucket is more difficult to accurately
control when dumping.
x. Therefore, when a dragline is used to load haul units, larger units should be used to
provide the dragline operator a larger dump target.
xi. This will reduce the spillage.
xii. A size ratio equal to at least five to six times the capacity of the dragline bucket is
recommended.

DRAGLINE PRODUCTION WILL VARY WITH THESE FACTORS.

i. Type of material being excavated


ii. Depth of cut (depth below the base of the dragline’s tracks)
iii. Angle of swing (the angle created by set of lines running for the centre point of the
dragline to the point of excavation and to the point of dump)
iv. Size and type of bucket
v. Length of boom
vi. Method of disposal, casting or loading haul units
vii. Size of hauling units, when used
viii. Skill of the operator
ix. Physical condition of the machine
x. Job conditions

FACTORS AFFECTING DRAGLINE PRODUCTION

i. In selecting the size type bucket to use on a project, one should match the size of the
lattice-boom crane and bucket properly to obtain the best action and the greatest
operating efficiency.
ii. A dragline bucket consists of three parts: the basket, the arch, and the cutting edge.
iii. It can be completed with teeth and shrouds (extra metal pieces between the teeth).
TYPES OF BUCKET

i. Light-duty
 Sometimes the term lightweight is used, are specifically manufactured for
excavating materials that are easily dug, such as sandy loam, sandy clay, or sand.
ii. Medium duty
 Are used for general excavating service.
 Sometimes the term general purpose is used in reference to medium- duty buckets.
 Typical applications include excavating clay, soft shale, or loose gravel.

iii. Heavy duty


 Used for mine stripping, handling blasted rock, and excavating hardpan and highly
abrasive materials.
 Buckets are sometimes perforated to permit excess water to drain from the loads.

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