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    Ecology

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    せん 知り
    7132018

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ecology

    Uploaded by

    せん 知り
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    7132018

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    7132018

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views2 pages

    Ecology

    Uploaded by

    せん 知り
    7132018

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Ecology.

    1. The branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their
    physical surroundings.

    2. The political movement that seeks to protect the environment, especially from pollution

    Environment.
    -The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
    -The natural world, as a whole or in a particular geographical area, especially as affected by
    human activity.
    (The natural world, nature, the earth, the planet, the ecosystem, the biosphere, Mother
    Nature;
    Wildlife, flora and fauna, the countryside
    "The impact of pesticides on the environment")

    Ecosystem.
    An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their
    environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic
    components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems
    are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their
    environment, they can be of any size, but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some
    scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).

    Trophic level.

    -Each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share


    the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary
    sources of energy.

     Level 1: Plants and algae make their own food and are called primary producers.
     Level 2: Herbivores eat plants and are called primary consumers.
     Level 3: Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary consumers.
     Level 4: Carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers.
     Level 5: Apex predators that have no predators are at the top of the food chain.

    Biodiversity.

    -The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.


    Biochemical cycle.
    -a biogeochemical cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which
    a chemical substance moves through both biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere,
    and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth. A cycle is a series of change which comes back to the
    starting point and which can be repeated.[1][2] Water, for example, is always recycled through
    the water cycle, as shown in the diagram. The water undergoes evaporation, condensation,
    and precipitation, falling back to Earth. Elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter
    are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through
    biogeochemical cycles

    Nitrogen cycle.
    -The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical
    forms. This transformation can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.
    Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification,
    anddenitrification. The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is nitrogen,[1] making it the largest pool
    of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a
    scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest
    to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes,
    including primary production and decomposition. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion,
    use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered
    the global nitrogen cycle

    4 spheres of earth

    The hydrosphere refers to the world’s liquid water, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and groundwater.

    The biosphere includes all life, in the ocean and on land. Plants, animals, insects, microbes, and humans
    are all part of the biosphere.

    The lithosphere is the outer portion of the solid Earth, from the upper mantle to the soil on the surface.

    The atmosphere includes air and tiny particles (aerosols) around the Earth.

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