10/26/10

Procedure
for
Combined
Mass
&
Energy
Balances

•  Draw
a
Flow
Chart

•  Label
all
Knowns
&
Unknowns
&
follow
same

procedure
as
for
straight
material
balances

Simultaneous
mass
and
energy
balances

Mechanical
Energy
equa7on
 •  Include
Phase
of
streams
(e.g.,
not
just
H2O,
but

whether
l,
g,
v)
&
all
informaLon
needed
(T,
P)
for

Class
26
 calculaLng
specific
internal
energy
(U^)
or
enthalpy

(H^)

Monday,
October
24th


•  Determine
H^
or
U^
for
each
component

•  
Determine
Closed
or
Open
System,
write

appropriate
energy
balance
equaLon,
and
simplify

•  Solve
the
material
&
energy
balance
equaLons


A turbine discharges 200 kg/hr of saturated steam at 10.0

bar absolute. It is desired to generate steam at 250oC
and 10.0 bar by mixing the turbine discharge with a
second stream of superheated steam at 300oC and 10.0
bar. To generate 300 kg/hr of the product stream, how
much heat must be added?

1
 10/26/10

A turbine discharges 200 kg/hr of saturated steam at 10.0 A turbine discharges 200 kg/hr of saturated steam at 10.0
bar absolute. It is desired to generate steam at 250oC bar absolute. It is desired to generate steam at 250oC
and 10.0 bar by mixing the turbine discharge with a and 10.0 bar by mixing the turbine discharge with a
second stream of superheated steam at 300oC and 10.0 second stream of superheated steam at 300oC and 10.0
bar. To generate 300 kg/hr of the product stream, how bar. If the process is carried out adiabatically, how much
much heat must be added? product stream is generated?

Saturated
steam
at
7
bars
abs
is
blended
with

superheated
steam
at
10
bars
abs
and
300oC
to

produce
200
kg/h
of
superheated
steam
at
250oC

and
7
bar.

Kine7c
and
poten7al
energy
changes
are

negligible.

(a)
calculate
the
flow
rates
(kg/h)
of
the

two
feed
streams,
assuming
that
the
process
is

adiaba7c
(state
any
assump7ons
you
make),
(b)

recalculate
the
flow
rates
(kg/h)
assuming
a
heat

loss
from
the
blender
of
8500
kJ/h



2
 10/26/10

Saturated
steam
at
7
bars
abs
is
blended
with
superheated
steam
at

Saturated
steam
at
7
bars
abs
is
blended
with
 10
bars
abs
and
300oC
to
produce
300
kg/h
of
superheated
steam
at

superheated
steam
at
10
bars
abs
and
300oC
 250oC
and
5
bar.

Kine7c
and
poten7al
energy
changes
are

negligible.
Assuming
that
the
process
is
adiaba7c,
find
the
mass
flow

to
produce
300
kg/h
of
superheated
steam
at
 rates.

250oC
and
5
bar.

Kine7c
and
poten7al
energy

changes
are
negligible.
Assuming
that
the

process
is
adiaba7c,
what
is
the
energy

balance?


a)
Q
=
ΔH

b)
0
=
ΔH

c)
Q
=
ΔU

d)
0
=
ΔU


Saturated
steam
at
7
bars
abs
is
blended
with
superheated
steam
at

10
bars
abs
and
300oC
to
produce
300
kg/h
of
superheated
steam
at
 Saturated
steam
at
7
bars
abs
is
blended
with
superheated
steam

250oC
and
7
bar.

Kine7c
and
poten7al
energy
changes
are
 at
10
bars
abs
and
300oC
to
produce
300
kg/h
of
superheated

negligible.
Assuming
that
the
process
is
adiaba7c,
find
the
mass
flow
 steam
at
250oC
and
5
bar.

Kine7c
and
poten7al
energy
changes

rates.
 are
negligible.
Recalculate
the
flow
rates
(kg/h)
assuming
a
heat

loss
from
the
blender
of
8500
kJ/h.
What
do
you
think
will

happen?


a)
the
masses
will
stay
the
same

b)
mo
will
go
up
and
m1

will
go
down

c)
m1
will
go
up
and
mo

will
go
down



3
 10/26/10

Saturated
steam
at
7
bars
abs
is
blended
with
superheated
 Mechanical
Energy
Balance

steam
at
10
bars
abs
and
300oC
to
produce
300
kg/h
of
 (Open
system
with
1
input
and
1
output
stream;

superheated
steam
at
250oC
and
5
bar.

Kine7c
and
 incompressible
fluid)

poten7al
energy
changes
are
negligible.
Recalculate
the
 



ΔP






Δv2

flow
rates
(kg/h)
assuming
a
heat
loss
from
the
blender
of
 




+





+


gΔz
+
(ΔU^
‐
Q/m)
=
Ws/m

8500
kJ/h.

 



ρ









2



Mechanical
Energy
Balance
Using
FricLon


F
=
fricLon
loss
=
(ΔU^
‐
Q/m)






ΔP







Δv2














+




+


gΔz
+
F
=
Ws/m





ρ









2


Water is to be pumped from a lake to a ranger station on

Bernoulli
EquaLon
 the side of a mountain. The flow rate is to be 95 gal/min,
and the flow channel is a standard 1-inch schedule 40 steel
(fricLonless
processes,
F
=
0
with
no
sha]
work,
Ws
=
0)
 pipe (ID = 1.049 in). A pump capable of delivering 8 hp is
available. The friction loss F (ft-lbf/lbm) equals 0.041 L,
where L (ft) is the length of the pipe. Calculate the




ΔP






Δv2






 maximum elevation, z, of the ranger station above the lake






+




+



gΔz
=
0
 if the pipe rises at an angle of 30o. The elevation should




ρ








2







 be given in units of feet.

4
 10/26/10

Water is to be pumped from a lake to a ranger station on the side of a Water is to be pumped from a lake to a ranger station on the side of a
mountain. The flow rate is to be 95 gal/min, and the flow channel is a standard mountain. The flow rate is to be 95 gal/min, and the flow channel is a standard
1-inch schedule 40 steel pipe (ID = 1.049 in). A pump capable of delivering 8 1-inch schedule 40 steel pipe (ID = 1.049 in). A pump capable of delivering 8
hp is available. The friction loss F (ft-lbf/lbm) equals 0.041 L, where L (ft) is the hp is available. The friction loss F (ft-lbf/lbm) equals 0.041 L, where L (ft) is the
length of the pipe. Calculate the maximum elevation, z, of the ranger station length of the pipe. Calculate the maximum elevation, z, of the ranger station
above the lake if the pipe rises at an angle of 30o. The elevation should be above the lake if the pipe rises at an angle of 30o. The elevation should be
given in units of feet. given in units of feet.

ΔP






Δv2
 
ΔP






Δv2






+





+


gΔz
+
F
=
Ws/m
 




+





+


gΔz
+
F
=
Ws/m





ρ









2
 



ρ









2


Which
term(s)
should
be
dropped
from
the
mechanical
energy
 Is
work
posi7ve
or
nega7ve?

balance?


I. ΔP
 
II.
Δv2 








III.
gΔz
 






IV.
Ws/m 
 
V.
F
 a) Posi7ve


b) Nega7ve

a)
I
only 
b)
I
and
II 
c)
I
and
IV 
d)
none
of
them
 c) Yes



Water is to be pumped from a lake to a ranger station on the side of a Water is to be pumped from a lake to a ranger station on the side of a
mountain. The flow rate is to be 95 gal/min, and the flow channel is a standard mountain. The flow rate is to be 95 gal/min, and the flow channel is a standard
1-inch schedule 40 steel pipe (ID = 1.049 in). A pump capable of delivering 8 1-inch schedule 40 steel pipe (ID = 1.049 in). A pump capable of delivering 8
hp (=-Ws) is available. The friction loss F (ft-lbf/lbm) equals 0.041 L, where L hp (=-Ws) is available. The friction loss F (ft-lbf/lbm) equals 0.041 L, where L
(ft) is the length of the pipe. Calculate the maximum elevation, z, of the ranger (ft) is the length of the pipe. Calculate the maximum elevation, z, of the ranger
station above the lake if the pipe rises at an angle of 30o. The elevation should station above the lake if the pipe rises at an angle of 30o. The elevation should
be given in units of feet. be given in units of feet.

ΔP






Δv2
 
ΔP






Δv2






+





+


gΔz
+
F
=
Ws/m
 




+





+


gΔz
+
F
=
Ws/m





ρ









2
 



ρ









2


5
 10/26/10

Water is to be pumped from a lake to a ranger station on the side of a

mountain. The flow rate is to be 95 gal/min, and the flow channel is a standard
1-inch schedule 40 steel pipe (ID = 1.049 in). A pump capable of delivering 8
hp (=-Ws) is available. The friction loss F (ft-lbf/lbm) equals 0.041 L, where L
(ft) is the length of the pipe. Calculate the maximum elevation, z, of the ranger
station above the lake if the pipe rises at an angle of 30o. The elevation should
be given in units of feet.

ΔP






Δv2






+





+


gΔz
+
F
=
Ws/m





ρ









2