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Homework Thermodynamics Cycles

1. A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes: constant volume heating, expansion with constant pressure-volume ratio, and constant pressure cooling. The net work is -10.5 kJ, and the heat transfer for expansion is 26.4 kJ. This is a refrigeration cycle. 2. An electric and gas burner are compared for heating 24 kW. The electric burner costs $0.10/kWh and the gas burner costs $1.20/therm. Efficiencies are calculated to determine energy consumption and unit costs. 3. A hydraulic turbine generates 1862 kW from 5000 kg/s of water falling 50 m. The overall, mechanical, and shaft efficiencies

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338 views1 page

Homework Thermodynamics Cycles

1. A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes: constant volume heating, expansion with constant pressure-volume ratio, and constant pressure cooling. The net work is -10.5 kJ, and the heat transfer for expansion is 26.4 kJ. This is a refrigeration cycle. 2. An electric and gas burner are compared for heating 24 kW. The electric burner costs $0.10/kWh and the gas burner costs $1.20/therm. Efficiencies are calculated to determine energy consumption and unit costs. 3. A hydraulic turbine generates 1862 kW from 5000 kg/s of water falling 50 m. The overall, mechanical, and shaft efficiencies

Uploaded by

Javier EC
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Homework Thermodynamics Cycles

1. A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes:

Process 1–2: constant volume, V = 0.028 m3, U2 - U1 =26.4 kJ


Process 2–3: expansion with pV = constant, U3 = U2
Process 3–1: constant pressure, p = 1.4 bar, W31 = -10.5 kJ

There are no significant changes in kinetic or potential energy.

(a) Sketch the cycle on a p–V diagram.


(b) Calculate the net work for the cycle, in kJ.
(c) Calculate the heat transfer for process 2–3, in kJ.
(d) Calculate the heat transfer for process 3–1, in kJ.

Is this a power cycle or a refrigeration cycle?

2. Consider a 24-kW hooded electric open burner in an area where the unit costs of
electricity and natural gas are $0.10/kWh and $1.20/therm (1 therm = 105,500 kJ),
respectively. The efficiency of open burners can be taken to be 73 percent for electric
burners and 38 percent for gas burners. Determine the rate of energy consumption and
the unit cost of utilized energy for both electric and gas burners.

3. The water in a large lake is to be used to generate electricity by the installation of a


hydraulic turbine-generator at a location where the depth of the water is 50 m. Water is to
be supplied at a rate of 5000 kg/s. If the electric power generated is measured to be 1862
kW and the generator efficiency is 95 percent, determine (a) the overall efficiency of the
turbine—generator, (b) the mechanical efficiency of the turbine, and (c) the shaft power
supplied by the turbine to the generator.

4. Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir by a pump that provides 20
kW of shaft power. The free surface of the upper reservoir is 45 m higher than that of the
lower reservoir. If the flow rate of water is measured to be 0.03 m3/s, determine
mechanical power that is converted to thermal energy during this process due to frictional
effects.

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