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    mahmoud fuqaha
    This document summarizes various respiratory and antibacterial drugs. For respiratory drugs, it describes different classes of drugs used to treat coughs (antitussives), thin mucus (mucolytics), loosen mucus (expectorants), allergies (antihistamines), nasal congestion (decongestants), asthma (bronchodilators), and tuberculosis (antituberculars). It then discusses various classes of antibacterial drugs that work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, or act as antimetabolites or membrane disruptors. Examples are provided for many of the drug classes and mechanisms of action.

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    فارما تلخيص

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    mahmoud fuqaha
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    This document summarizes various respiratory and antibacterial drugs. For respiratory drugs, it describes different classes of drugs used to treat coughs (antitussives), thin mucus (mucolytics), loosen mucus (expectorants), allergies (antihistamines), nasal congestion (decongestants), asthma (bronchodilators), and tuberculosis (antituberculars). It then discusses various classes of antibacterial drugs that work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, or act as antimetabolites or membrane disruptors. Examples are provided for many of the drug classes and mechanisms of action.

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    This document summarizes various respiratory and antibacterial drugs. For respiratory drugs, it describes different classes of drugs used to treat coughs (antitussives), thin mucus (mucolytics), loosen mucus (expectorants), allergies (antihistamines), nasal congestion (decongestants), asthma (bronchodilators), and tuberculosis (antituberculars). It then discusses various classes of antibacterial drugs that work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, or act as antimetabolites or membrane disruptors. Examples are provided for many of the drug classes and mechanisms of action.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    81 views8 pages

    فارما تلخيص

    Uploaded by

    mahmoud fuqaha
    This document summarizes various respiratory and antibacterial drugs. For respiratory drugs, it describes different classes of drugs used to treat coughs (antitussives), thin mucus (mucolytics), loosen mucus (expectorants), allergies (antihistamines), nasal congestion (decongestants), asthma (bronchodilators), and tuberculosis (antituberculars). It then discusses various classes of antibacterial drugs that work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, or act as antimetabolites or membrane disruptors. Examples are provided for many of the drug classes and mechanisms of action.

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    of 8

    Respiratory Drugs:

    1-Antitussives Drugs
    Centrally acting:
    Ex: codeine and dextromethorphan
    Peripherally acting:
    Ex :( Benzonatate)
    Opiod antitussive: Codeine
    2-Mucolytic Drugs
    Ex: acetylcysteine
    3-Expectorant Drugs
    (Ex: guaifenesin, potassium iodide)
    4- Antihistamines Drugs
    1-Diphenhydramine>>>>>>relief of allergy symptoms, uticaria.
    2-Loratadine
    3-Fexofenadine
    4-Cetirizine
    5-Promethazine>>>> relief nausea and vomiting.
    Nasal corticosteroid sprays:
    1-Fluticsone
    2-Triamcinolone
    5-Decongestants Drugs:
     Nasal sprays:
    1-Phenylephrine
    2-Oxymetazoline
     Oral:
    1-pseudoephedrine

    Asthma Medications:
    1. Long -term control medications
    2. Quick relief medications

    6-Bronchodilators Drugs:
    1. Beta -2 adrenergic agonists or Sympathomimetics: (short acting and long
    acting)
    Albuterol>>>> SABA’s
    Salbutamol>>>> SABA’s
    Terbutaline>>>> SABA’s
    Epinephrine>>>> SABA’s
    Salmeterol>>>> LABA’s
    2. Xanthine derivatives:
    Theophylline
    Aminophylline
    3. Cholinergic blocking drugs
    Tiotropium
    Ipratropium bromide

    Antiasthma Drugs:
    1. Long term medications
    Ex: fluticasone, triamcinolone, beclomethasone
    2-Quick-relief medications:
    Ex: albuterol, terbutaline

    Asthma: #1 Inhaled Corticosteroids

    Ex: Beclomethasone, fluticsone, triamcinolone

    Asthma: #2 Corticosteroid/LABA combinations


    1-Budesonide/formoterol
    2- Fluticasone/salmeterol

    Asthma: #3 Mast cell stabilizers


    1-Cromolyn, nedocromil.

    Asthma: #4 Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and Leukotriene Formation


    Inhibitors:
    Montelukast
    Zafirlukast
    Zileuton
    6-Antitubercular Drugs:
    1-Initial phase:
    Isoniazid
    Rifampin
    Pyrazinamide
    Ethambutol
    2- Secondary phase:
    1-Rifampin and isoniazid only

    ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS:
    1-Inhibition of cell wall synthesis:
    β lactam drugs
    Vancomycin
    Bacitracin

    Beta Lactams
    1. Penicillins
    2. Cephalosporins
    3. Carbapenems
    4. Monobactams

    A. Penicillins
    Prototype is Penicillin G
    Examples of Penicillins:
    Penicillins G and V
    Ampicillins
    Antipseudomonals:
    1. Carbenicillin
    2. Ticaracillin
    3. Piperacillin

    Combinations for beta lactamase—


    1. Unasyn (ampicillin/sulbactam(
    2. Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam(
    3. Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulate)
    4. Timentin (ticaricillin/clavulanate)

    Antistaphylococcal—dicloxacillin, nafcillin

    B. Cephalosporins
    Oral:
    Cephalexin
    Cefaclor
    Cefdinir
    Parenteral:
    Cefoxitin
    Cefotaxime
    Ceftazidime
    Ceftriaxone
    Cefepime

    C. Carbapenems
    Meropenem and Imipenem-cilastatin
    D. Monobactams
    Aztreonam

    Miscellaneous>>>> Vancomycin

    2. Protein synthesis Inhibitors:


    A. Aminoglycosides
    B. Macrolides
    Include:
     Azithromycin
     Clarithromycin
     Erythromycin

    Erythromycin is the prototype


    New relative, telithromycin called ketolides.
    C. Tetracyclines
     Minocycline
     Doxycycline
     Tetracycline

    3. DNA Synthesis Inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones


    Examples of quinolones:
     Ciprofloxacin
     Levofloxacin
     Ofloxacin

    4. Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides
    Combination of Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
    1-Sulfasalazine tx >>>> ulcerative colitis and in RA.
    2-Mafenide acetate tx >>>> burns >>> can cause metabolic
    acidosis
    3- Silver sulfadiazine—useful in burns

    5. Membrane disrubtors: Polymyxin B


    Miscellaneous Antibacterials:
    1- Chloramphenicol
    2- Clindamycin
    3- Linezolid
    4- Metronidazole
    5- Synercid

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