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811 Offset Scaling

Offset scaling is used to correct amplitude distortions between near and far offsets in seismic data. It works by determining standard amplitude variations with offset (AVO) responses for non-hydrocarbon zones to derive scaling parameters. These parameters are then used to restore actual seismic data to that background trend. The process involves analyzing reference data to calculate scaling coefficients, then applying those coefficients to the target volume to produce a scaled output volume.

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74 views16 pages

811 Offset Scaling

Offset scaling is used to correct amplitude distortions between near and far offsets in seismic data. It works by determining standard amplitude variations with offset (AVO) responses for non-hydrocarbon zones to derive scaling parameters. These parameters are then used to restore actual seismic data to that background trend. The process involves analyzing reference data to calculate scaling coefficients, then applying those coefficients to the target volume to produce a scaled output volume.

Uploaded by

Carlos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Offset Scaling

SAMPLE IMAGE

Irfan Saputra
HRS Jakarta
J k t

December 2008/CE8R3
Why offset scaling is needed ?

ƒ To correct systematic offset-dependent amplitude


distortion in the gathers. This error is common
because many processing methods assume a
constant RMS amplitude level from near to far offset,
even though the amplitude tends to decay from near
to far.
ƒ To pre-condition gathers for other processes.
Offset Scaling Concept

ƒ The overall concept is to determine the standard AVO


response for the non-hydrocarbon-bearing, wet rock
to derive a background set of parameters for scaling.
scaling
Potential reservoirs, as well as areas of strong
structure (e.g. faulting), complex lithology or salt
features should be excluded.
ƒ Offset Scaling Analysis then used to define the test
windows and then develop scaling parameters to
restore the actual data to that behaviour and apply
that to the data.
Offset Scaling Concept
Sample case :
(Scale Background trend of Seismic Data to a Wet Well Synthetics)

Wet well synthetic gather Actual Seismic gather


generated from well log data.
We want to develop the
scaling parameters from here
and then apply them to the
actual data.
Start offset scaling analyse menu

ƒ Generally, offset scaling is


performed in two steps. First,
we develop the scaling
parameters and second we apply
the scaling to the appropriate
volume.
ƒ Open the Offset Scaling
Analysis window by selecting
Process>AVO(Prestack)>
Offset Scaling>Analyse
g y .
Analysis Options

1. Select the reference volume to 2


analyze.
2. Adjust the range of offset, inline, 3
xline. You can set the increment.
3. Select how the time window will
be defined:
• 1st option is a single time
window. This is the default. 1 4
The time range is specified in 5
the Time text box.
• 2nd option is relative to the
horizon; when you select this,
the Advanced Analysis Option
will come up (next slide).
Analysis Options > Advanced Analysis Options

a. Use this part to specify the


reference horizon, window size a
and exclusion windows position
relative to the horizon.
b. If you wish to include azimuth
in your analysis, then specify
the number of azimuths from 1 b
to 16.
c. You can view the history of
parameters and the analysis
results, and reset that history
by using the buttons in this
box. c
Analysis Options

4. Time : Specify ranges for the time 2


window.
Analysis bins : Number of analysis 3
bins (defaulted to half of the number
of offsets).
Order of fit : Specify analysis order
of fit (1 – 5).
Type : type of analysis performed
on each specified analysis window, 1 4
gathers and bins : 5
• RMS ⎛⎜ N 2 ⎞⎟
⎜
∑x
i =1
i
⎟
⎜ N ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
• Mean absolute value ⎛ N
⎜ ∑ xi
⎞
⎟
⎜ i =1 ⎟
⎜ N ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠

• Geometric mean ⎛⎜ N ⎞
⎜
N
∏ x ⎟⎟ i
⎝ i =1 ⎠
Analysis Options

5. After all parameter have been 2


specified, then click the
Perform Background Analysis 3
button. The results will be
displayed graphically in the
Analysis Results section.

1 4
5
Analysis Results
1

Analysis results are displayed graphically where


the offset is plotted against the Absolute
Amplitude (default), and a calculated curve as
fitted according to the specified order is printed at
the top.
top

The Display setting can be changed by clicking


Display Option [1]. We can set the X and Y axis
view Y axis scaling and Least Square Fit.
view, Fit We can
also specify whether to plot the modeled curve.
Output Parameters
1. S
1 Specify
if th
the target
t t volume.
l 1
2. Order fit and coefficients here are
referring to the analysis. If we change the 2
type of analysis, then the coefficient will
be updated.
3. Weight factor (optional): A value of 0 3
means the full effect of the scaling
applied,
app ed, whilee 1 will leave
ea e the
t e offset
o set 4
scaled data identical to the input data.
4. Mean calculation time range is defaulted
the same as the analysis time range.
5 Select calculation method: trace by trace
5.
or least square fit (independent of trace 6 5
to trace variation).
6. Click Apply & QC Parameters to see the
scaled volume on a temporary window.
window
You can change the parameters and redo
this process.

Click OK to end the analysis. All parameters


will be saved.
Offset Scale Apply

1. After the analysis is done, the next


task is applying the scale to the
target volume by selecting
Process>AVO (Prestack)>Offset
Scaling>Apply. 2
2. A popup message will notify what
parameters were selected in the
analysis
analysis.
Offset Scale Apply
Specify the input volume to
be scaled, name and path
of theoutput volume , range
of time,
time offset and CDP.
CDP
Offset Scale Apply

1. This section shows parameters


calculated from the last analysis
2. For scaling, there is a new option 1
h
here called
ll d “U
“User defined
d fi d Input
I t
Global Intercept & Gradient”.
3. When the third scaling option
selected, the Input Global
Coefficient box will be active to
allow input parameters. 2
4. There is an option here to print
the applied
pp scalar in the runtime
message, and you can set the 3
condition for the maximum
scalar to be applied.
4
Result

Scaled seismic gather

Raw seismic gathers

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