IP1475-8378-61-0982 05
PROJECTS & DEVELOPMENT INDIA LTD IPL DOCUMENT NO REV
SHEET 1 OF 6

TITLE: Earthing Calculation

PROJECT: LPG MOUNDED BULLETS- OHCU, IOCL, HALDIA

REFINERY

OWNER: INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

PACKAGE NO.: EPCC-8

PMC: Lurgi India Co. Pvt. Ltd.

EPCC CONTRACTOR: INDUS PROJECTS LTD. MUMBAI

IPL JOB NO. 1475

BACK- UP CONSULTANT (FOR IPL)

PROJECTS AND DEVELOPMENT INDIA LTD.

WRO – BARODA

PDIL JOB NO.: 8378

05 21.05.09 AS BUILT JP JMP Shree

04 21.01.08 Revised as per Lurgi’s comments RBM JMP Shree
03 01.11.07 Revised as per Lurgi’s comments Sunita JMP Shree
02 31.07.07 Resubmission for approval Meena JMP Shree
01 25.05.07 Revised as per Lurgi’s comments Meena JMP Shree
00 05.04.07 FIRST ISSUE SUNITA JMP Shree
REV REV DATE PURPOSE PREPD REVWD APPD
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CONTENTS

SL. NO. TITLE PAGE

1. Scope 3
2. Site Condition 3
3. Basis for Calculations 3
4. Earthing Calculation 3
5. Equipment Earthing Schedule 4-5
6. Annexure 5-6

FORM NO: 02-0000-0021F2 REV1Z:\8378 Backup consultancy LPG Mounded bullet IOCL Haldia\electrical\jpkhorwal\8378 AS BUILT DATED
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1. SCOPE.

This documents details the Earthing system calculation for the Backup Consultancy
LPG Mounded Bullets at IOCL Haldia
2. SITE CONDITION

Equipment design temp : 46 deg C

Relative Humidity : Maximum 100%
Altitude above mean sea level : [ 1000M

3. BASIS FOR CALCULATION

Resistively of soil : 6.10 Ohm-m

Depth of laying of Earth strip : 600mm below ground
Main Earth Strip Material : GI Flat
Main Earth Electrode : GI Pipe
Main earth Electrode Dimension : 10cm diameter, 300cm long
(As per Doc No. LI-OEE-STD-0177 Rev-1)

4. EARTHING CALCULATION
4.1 Calculation Method
4.1.1 Calculation of Earthing Conductor Size:
The earthing conductor size is calculated by the following equation taken from
Code of practice for Earthing, IS-3043-1987 section 12.2.2.1

S = (Ixªt) / k (mm2)
Where

S : Cross sectional area of earth conductor size

I : AC rms value of fault Current (Amp)
T : Operating time of disconnecting device (Sec)
K : A factor for the circuit protective conductors material
From (table-6 of IS 3043)
K=56

4.1.2 PIPE ELECTRODE

The resistance of a Pipe Electrode (Re) is calculated based on IS-3043 section

9.2.2
Where
Re= (100!) / (2xxI) xlog; (4xI /d) (ohms)
Re : Resistance of one Pipe Electrode
! : Soil resistivity (Ohm-m)
I : Length of pipe electrode (cm)
d : Diameter of pipe electrode (cm)

FORM NO: 02-0000-0021F2 REV1Z:\8378 Backup consultancy LPG Mounded bullet IOCL Haldia\electrical\jpkhorwal\8378 AS BUILT DATED
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4.1.3 STRIP ELECTRODES
The Strip Electrode resistance (RS) is calculated by following formula taken from
Code of practice for earthing IS 3043 section 9.2.3

Where
RS= (100!) x log; (2xI ²/wt) / (2xxI) (ohms)
RS : Resistance of Strip Electrode
! : Soil resistivity (Ohm-m)
I : Length of the strip (cm)
w : Depth of burial of the electrode (cm)
t : Width of the Strip (cm)

4.1.4 EQUIVALENT EARTH RESISTANCE OF THE GRID

Total earth resistance RT=RE II RS

RT= Total Earth Resistance
RS= Resistance of the Strip Electrode
RE= Total Resistance of the Earth Electrode
RE=Re / n
Where,
Re= resistance of one Pipe Electrode
n= Total number of Earth Electrodes

Required number of Earth Electrodes shall be interconnected with GI Strip to get

the value of resistance to earth less than 1 ohm for process area, as specified by
M/S Lurgi
RS= (100!) x log; (2xI ²/wt) / (2xxI) (ohms)
Re : Resistance of Strip Electrode
! : Soil resistivity (Ohm-m)
I : Length of the strip (cm)
w : Depth of burial of the electrode (cm)
t : Width of the Strip (cm)
EQUIPEMENT EARTHING SHEDULE:

SL. NO. TYPE OF EQUIPMENT EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE

(GI )
1. Motors up to & including 3.7KW 8 SWG Solid GI Wire
2. Motors 7.5KW to 9.3KW 10mm Dia GI Wire Rope
3. Motors 11KW to 22KW 10mm Dia GI Wire Rope
4. Motors 30KW 10mm Dia GI Wire Rope
5. Motors 37KW 16mm Dia GI Wire Rope
6. Motors 55KW 50x6mm GI Strip
7. Motors 75KW 50x6mm GI Strip
8. Motors 132KW 50x6mm GI Strip
9. Motors 160KW 50x6mm GI Strip
10. Motors above 160KW 75x10 mm GI Strip
FORM NO: 02-0000-0021F2 REV1Z:\8378 Backup consultancy LPG Mounded bullet IOCL Haldia\electrical\jpkhorwal\8378 AS BUILT DATED
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11. Main Earth grid As Calculated
12. Pipe Racks, Vessel 50x6mm GI Strip
13. Push Button Station 8 SWG Solid GI Wire
14. Welding Sockets 25x3mm GI Strip
15. Lighting/Power/Instrument Panels 10 mm Dia GI Wire Rope
16. Street Light Poles 10 mm Dia GI Wire Rope

ANNEXURE

1) CALCULATION OF MAIN EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE

A) Formula Used

S = (Ixªt ) / k

Minimum Earth Conductor size required to meet the short circuit requirement is
calculated as below

I :50KA
t :1Sec
K :56
S = (Ixªt) / k
=50000 xª1 / 56
= 892.85
Since 75X12 mm = 900 Sq. mm

B) The maximum fault current at down stream load terminal in process area will be
  very less ie 7.557 KA for calculation refer Annexure –1 ( 1 sheet ). Considering the
fault current 7.557KA for 1 Sec with corrosion factor the earth strip size will be =
202 Sq. mm
Accordingly the 50x6 Sq.mm earth Conductor size shall be adequate.
Since the earthing system are designed for 50KA for 1 sec , hence the earth
Strip size selected as 75x12 Sq.mm

2) CALCULATION OF RESISTANCE OF PIPE ELECTRODE

Formula Used
! : 6.10 Ohm-m (Refer Soil Investigation report)
I : 300cm (As per doc No. LI-OEE-STD-0177)
d : 10 cm (As per doc No. LI-OEE-STD-0177)

Re= (100!) / (2xxI) x log; (4xI /d) (ohms)

= (100x6.10) / (2x3.14x300) x log; (4x300 /10)
= 1.549
Calculation of Total resistance of Pipe Electrodes (RE)
Re= 1.549

FORM NO: 02-0000-0021F2 REV1Z:\8378 Backup consultancy LPG Mounded bullet IOCL Haldia\electrical\jpkhorwal\8378 AS BUILT DATED
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n = 2 Nos

Since Resistance calculated for each electrode is 2 Ohms. So, No of earth

electrode required 2 to bring resistance less than 1 Ohms.

RE =Re / n
= 1.549/ 2
= 0.7745

3) CALCULATION OF RESISTANCE OF STRIP ELECTRODE

Formula Used
! : 6.10 Ohm-m (Refer Soil Investigation report )
I : 30000 Cms
w : 60
t : 7.5
RS :

RS= (100!) x log; (2xI ²/wt) / (2xxI) (ohms)

= (100x6.10) x log; (2 x 30000 ² / 60x7.5) / (2 x 3.14 x 30000)
= 0.0492

4) CALCULATION OF TOTAL EARTH RESISTANCE

Formula Used

RT=RE II RS
RS= 0.0492
RE= 0.7745
RT=

RT = RS x RE / RS + RE
= 0.0492 x 0.7745/ 0.0492 + 0.7745
= 0.0381/ 0.8237
= 0.0462 ohms
= < 1 ohms

5) CONCLUSION

As earth resistance value (RT) is within permissible limits of 1 Ohm.

6) NOTES

1. Earth Electrodes shall be connected to each other by GI strip of size 75x12 Sq.mm
(1Run)

2. New earthing shall be connected to existing earthing system at the nearest point by
GI Strip of size 75 x 12 Sq.mm
FORM NO: 02-0000-0021F2 REV1Z:\8378 Backup consultancy LPG Mounded bullet IOCL Haldia\electrical\jpkhorwal\8378 AS BUILT DATED
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 Annexure –1
Fault level calculation for plant area

Motor rating = 75 Kw

Max size of cable: 2-3.5x150 Sq.mm (AL) PVCAPVC FRLS

Resistance of cable = 0.206 ohm/ Km

Cable reactance = 0.0852 ohm/ Km

Length of cable = 280 m

Impedance of cable Zc = (R+Jx) /2 x l

Zc = (0.02884 + j 0.011928)  

Base Impedance (kvb) ² / MVAb = 0.0047840

Per unit Impedance of cable (Zc) = (6.02842 + j 2.3396) Pu

1/Zc Pu = 0.1442 – j 0.055

PU Impedance of motor Zm = Actual Imp X MVAb / Motor MVA

= 0.25x36x0.8/0.075
= j96

I/Zm Pu = - j 0.0104

Total Impedance (ZT) = 6.625ø – 17.1

Fault MVA = Base MVA / ZT = 36 / 6.625

= 5.4326 MVA

Fault current = 7557Amp =7.557KA

Due to cable impedance the Maximum fault current at down stream load terminal in process area will
be very less ie 7.557KA
Earth strip size based on fault current = 7.557KA is

I = 7.557 KA
t = 1 Sec.
K = 56
S = I x ªt / K = 7.557x ª1 / 56 = 135 Sq.mm
Corrosion factor = 150 %
= 135 Sq mm X 1.5 = 202.5
Since = 50 x 6 mm = 300 Sq. mm

1) Calculation of earth strip size considering fault current at down stream load terminal in
process area is only for information.
2) Earthing system are designed for 50 KA for 1 Sec. Hence the earth strip size selected as
75x12 Sq.mm

Z:\8378 Backup consultancy LPG Mounded bullet IOCL Haldia\electrical\jpkhorwal\8378 AS BUILT DATED 21.05.09\EARTHING CALCULATION
REV.04\Annexure-1, REV 05 doc(AS BUILT).DOC