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EBCD (Early Breast Cancer Detector)

The document describes the Early Breast Cancer Detector (EBCD), a non-invasive microwave-based system for detecting breast cancer tumors. The EBCD uses an antenna array surrounding the breast to transmit microwaves and create 3D images of the breast's internal tissues. This allows the system to identify tumors that cannot be detected by mammography. The authors have tested a prototype EBCD system using phantom materials in the lab and are working to develop a clinical prototype to test on patients. The EBCD aims to improve early detection of breast cancer compared to mammography by being non-ionizing and able to identify smaller tumors.

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Vivi Ko
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54 views3 pages

EBCD (Early Breast Cancer Detector)

The document describes the Early Breast Cancer Detector (EBCD), a non-invasive microwave-based system for detecting breast cancer tumors. The EBCD uses an antenna array surrounding the breast to transmit microwaves and create 3D images of the breast's internal tissues. This allows the system to identify tumors that cannot be detected by mammography. The authors have tested a prototype EBCD system using phantom materials in the lab and are working to develop a clinical prototype to test on patients. The EBCD aims to improve early detection of breast cancer compared to mammography by being non-ionizing and able to identify smaller tumors.

Uploaded by

Vivi Ko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EBCD (Early Breast Cancer Detector)

Submitted By:
De Guzman, Aldous Ranielle E.

Submitted To:
Engr. Jover Boyd T. Chan

Date:
January 3, 2018
I. EBCD (Early Breast Cancer Detector)
II. Introduction
In 2016, the Philippines topped 197 countries with the most number of cases of
breast cancer, data released by Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society. It
is also one of the countries worldwide with the highest prevalence rates of cancer.
Mortality rates are also ballooning. It is the most common form of cancer amongst
women. The prognosis for the treatment is very good if the cancer is found at an
early stage. X-ray mammography is successfully used for screening. Although about
20% of the tumors cannot be detected with this technique.
We came up with the EBCD to improve the detection rate of the patients. The
technique is based on the existence of a large contrast in dielectric properties
between tumors and healthy tissue. Microwave measurements are performed and
used in an algorithm to reconstruct internal images of the breast. The ability to
create 3D images makes it easier to identify tumors. However, this technology is
very computationally heavy and it is not until recent years that the required
computational resources have become available. An advantage for the patient is that
this technique needs neither breast compression nor the use of ionizing radiation.
Microwave technology for medical diagnostics is sensitive to variations in liquid and
ion concentration between different tissues and disease-states. This is also the case
for a cancer tumor inside normal tissue where these properties vary to create a
detectable contrast. In making the diagnosis the measured scattering pattern must
be related to the corresponding tissue properties, i.e. the dielectric properties. We
generate a dielectric image of the internal dielectric properties from the measured
data. In mathematical terms this problem is both non-linear and ill-posed and this
poses particular challenges on the algorithm in terms of the need for massive
computational resources to reach the desired accuracy. The motivation for the
research is on the other hand driven by the potential to develop a more accurate
modality than the x-ray mammography that is commonly used today for breast
cancer screening. Our solution utilizes a microwave antenna array that is
surrounding the breast, a microwave send-and-receive unit and an image
reconstruction algorithm. With our system we will be able to detect tumors that are
not seen with x-ray mammography.
III. Overview
We have developed a microwave antenna system connected to a microwave unit
and a signal-processing algorithm. The algorithm and system has been tested and
verified in the lab on phantom material. Work is now made to upgrade the system
into a clinical prototype that will be used for tests on patients. In our work to
reconstruct images it has become clear that it is essential to base the image
reconstruction algorithm on an accurate three-dimensional electromagnetic model of
the antenna array. This will unfortunately make the computational burden very large.
Earlier work with two-dimensional models are significantly more computational
efficient but instead unable to generate images of sufficiently accuracy and detail
level. Experiences and results obtained in this project will be very valuable also in
our other research projects based on microwave technology.
The final breast cancer detection system will provide a way to improve the detection
of cancer tumors. Whether it will replace or complement the x-ray technology used
today remains to be seen after the clinical evaluations. The examination will be
painless and the patient will not be exposed to ionizing radiation. In the future we
can also foresee a large number of other application areas where the microwave
technology can improve the diagnostics.

IV. Block Diagram

Transmitter
Fatty tissue

Skin
Receiver
Tumor

Glandular
Tissue

Imaging

V. Frequency Allocation
Since x ray has frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz
to 3×1019 Hz), we will also use this frequency in this system. In this range are where
the best frequency for this kind of system. This system is just like the x-ray thats why
the frequency are the same.
VI. Viability
Since Philippines have the highest prevalence of breast cancer among 197
countries, this system will be in demand at the same time help patients to be aware
of their health. Breast cancer patients will have an early medication and lessen the
cases of death with breast cancer.

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