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Tutorial 3

During electrolysis, ions move through the electrolyte and electrons move through the external circuit. Reactions occur at the electrodes. The document provides details of the electrolysis of several molten salts and aqueous solutions, including molten lithium iodide, aqueous copper(II) sulfate, concentrated aqueous potassium chloride, and dilute sulfuric acid. Tables are completed to show the products formed at the electrodes and changes to the electrolyte. Explanations are provided for why solid lithium iodide does not conduct but molten does, and why the concentration of sulfuric acid increases during electrolysis.

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CHANDREN ARUMUGAM
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627 views3 pages

Tutorial 3

During electrolysis, ions move through the electrolyte and electrons move through the external circuit. Reactions occur at the electrodes. The document provides details of the electrolysis of several molten salts and aqueous solutions, including molten lithium iodide, aqueous copper(II) sulfate, concentrated aqueous potassium chloride, and dilute sulfuric acid. Tables are completed to show the products formed at the electrodes and changes to the electrolyte. Explanations are provided for why solid lithium iodide does not conduct but molten does, and why the concentration of sulfuric acid increases during electrolysis.

Uploaded by

CHANDREN ARUMUGAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial 3 (Q2/3)

1 During electrolysis, ions move in the electrolyte and electrons move in the external circuit.
Reactions occur at the electrodes.

(a) The diagram shows the electrolysis of molten lithium iodide.

+ –

external circuit

electrode electrode

molten lithium iodide

heat

(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the electron flow in the
external circuit. [1]

(ii) Electrons are supplied to the external circuit. How and where is this done?

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) Explain why solid lithium iodide does not conduct electricity but when molten it is a
good conductor.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The results of experiments on electrolysis are shown in the following table. Complete the
table. The first line has been done as an example.

product at product at change to


electrolyte electrodes
cathode anode electrolyte

molten lithium iodide carbon lithium iodine used up

aqueous copper(II) sulfate platinum oxygen

concentrated aqueous
carbon chlorine
potassium chloride

[4]
(c) The diagram below shows the electrolysis of dilute sulfuric acid. Hydrogen is formed at
the negative electrode (cathode) and oxygen at the positive electrode (anode) and the
concentration of sulfuric acid increases.

+ –

carbon anode carbon cathode

dilute sulfuric acid

bubbles of bubbles of
oxygen gas hydrogen gas

The ions present in the dilute acid are H+(aq), OH–(aq) and SO42–(aq).

(i) Write an equation for the reaction at the negative electrode (cathode).

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Complete the equation for the reaction at the positive electrode (anode).

4OH–(aq) → O2(g) + .....H2O(l) + ....... [1]

(iii) Suggest an explanation of why the concentration of the sulfuric acid increases.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
d The results of experiments on electrolysis using inert electrodes are given in the table.

Complete the table; the first line has been completed as an example.

electrolyte change at negative change at positive change to


electrode electrode electrolyte

molten lead(II) lead formed bromine formed used up


bromide

potassium formed iodine formed used up

dilute aqueous
sodium chloride

aqueous copper(II)
sulfate

hydrogen formed bromine formed potassium hydroxide


formed

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