1. A composite magnetic of varying cross-section is shown in Fig.

1 (a) the iron portion

has the B-H characteristics of Fig. 1 (b) Given N = 100 turns,
2
l 1=4 l2 =40 cm , A 1=2 A 2=10 cm ,l g =2 mm ,leakage flux , ϕ l=0.01 mWb . Calculate
Ι required to establish an air-gap flux density of 0.6 Tesla.

Fig. 1 (a) Fig. 1 (b)

Solution:

−7 H Wb
B g=0.6 T =μ o H g ; μ o=4 π x 10 ; Tesla (T )= 2
m m
0.6 At
Hg= =4.78 x 10 5
4 π x 10−7
m
F ( mmf ) −At ; F g =H g l g= ( 4.78 x 105 ) ( 21000
mm m
x
mm )
=956 At
B g=Bl =0.6 T
1

A
From Fig. 1 (b) @ 0.6 T, H l =100 , so for two l 1
1
m
A m
1 (
Fl = 100
m )
( 40+ 40 ) cm x
100 cm
=80 At
m
¿2=0.6 mWb
100 cm
The flux in the air gap, Wb
(
ϕ g=B g A 1= 0.6 2 ( 10 cm2) ¿
m )
The total flux produces by the coil, ϕ c =ϕ g +ϕ ι=0.6+ 0.01=0.61 mWb
ϕ c 0.61 x 10−3
The flux density in the portion of l 2 ; Bl = = =1.22T
A2 5 x 10
2 −4

A
From Fig. 1 (b) @ 1.22 T, H l =410 ; so for l 2
2
m

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 Fl =( 410 ) ( 0.1 )=41 At
2

So the total required mmf F=F g + Fl + F l =956+ 80+41=1077 At

1 2

1077
For N=100 turns , the desired current will be , I = =10.77 A ans.
100

2. A system of three coils on an ideal core is shown in Fig. 2, where

2
N 1=N 3=2 N 2=500 turns , g1=2 g2=2 g3=4 mm ,∧A=1000 mm Calculate (a) the
self-inductance of coil N 1 and (b) the mutual inductance between coils N 2∧N 3 .

Fig. 2
Solution:

For an ideal core, μ=∞

m
lg 4 mm x
1000 mm 4
Reluctance @ R g = = 1
=
μ0 A
1
m
2
μo
μo (1000 mm 2 x 2 2
)
1000 mm
4 m
mm x
2 1000 mm 2
Reluctance @ R g =Rg = =
2 μo
( )
2 3
m
μ o 1000 mm2 x 2 2
1000 mm
Rg Rg
So , RT =R g +
(
Rg + R g
1
4 1 5
= + =
2
2 3

μo μ o μ o 3
)
F 500 I
ϕ g= = =100 μ o I
RT 5
μ0
N 1 ϕ g 500 ( 100 ) ( 4 π x 10−7 ) I
a ¿ Self Inductance of coil N 1=L= = =¿
I I

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 L=62.83 mH ans .

b ¿ Mutual Inductance between coils N 2 ∧N 3=¿

N 2 ϕ g 250 ( 100 ) ( 4 π x 10−7 ) I

L= = =31.42 mH ans .
I I

3. A toroid has a core of square cross section, 2500 mm2 in area, and mean diameter
of 250mm. The core material is of relative permeability 1000 (a) Calculate the number
of turns to be wound on the core to obtain an inductance of 1 Henry (b) If the coil
thus wound carries a 1 Amp. What are the values of H and B at the mean radius of the
core?

Solution:

l πD π (250 mm)
R= = = =250,000 H −1
a) μA μr μ0 A −7 H 2 m
1000 ( 4 π X 10 ) ( 2500mm ) ( )
m 1000 mm

Nϕ N2 I
ϕ= ¿ ; L= ; so , LI = ; hence , N= √ L R
R I R

N= √ ( 1 ) ( 250,000 )=500 turns . ans .

ϕ 500(1)
B= = ¿ = =0.8 T ans .
b) A AR 2 m2
−1
2500 mm ( 250,000 H ) ( )
1000 2 mm2

B 0.8 At
B=μH ; H = = =636.62 ans .
μ r μ 0 ( 1000 ) (4 πx 10 )
−7
m

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 4. The magnetic circuit of Fig. 3 is made of sheet steel having B-H characteristics shown in
Fig. 4 (b). Calculate the mmf of the coil to establish a 1-Tesla flux density in the air
gap.

Fig. 3

Solution:
At At m
From Fig 4(b) @ B=1 T , H=200
m
; Fl = 200
1 (m )
( 25+ 25 ) cm x
100 cm
=100 At
wb
1 2
m At
B=Bg =1T =μ o H g ; H g= =795,774.72
−7 H m
4 π x 10
m
At 1m
(
F g=H g l g= 795,774.72
m ) (
(1 mm )
1000 mm )
=¿ 795.77 At

ϕg 2

Ag m( )(
wb
B g= ; ϕ g = 1 2 25 cm x 2 m
2
100 cm
2) =2.5 mWb

ϕ 2.5 x 10−3
Bl = g = =0.25 T @ 0.25T At
So, 2
A2 2 1 , ¿ Fig .4 ( b ) H l =60
100 cm X 2
m
1002 cm2
At m
2 (
Fl = 60
m )(
10 cm x
100 cm )
=6 At

Therefore, the total mmf will be FT =100+795.77+ 6=901.77 At ans .

5. A magnetic circuit made of a 5-cm stack of laminations is of the form shown in Fig. 4(a)
The material is steel sheet, having the B-H characteristics of Fig. 4 (b) for a core flux
density of 1 Tesla and a current of 2 Amp in the 500-turn coil. Determine the current in
the 1000-turn coil.

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 Solution:

At
From Fig. 4 (b) @ B=1 T , H=200 ; so
m
At m
F=H l=200 ( 4 x 25 ) cm x =200 At =N 1 i 1 + N 2 i 2
m 100 cm

200=500 ( 2 ) +1000 i 2
200−1000
i 2= =−0.8 A ans . ,
1000
−¿
¿
¿

Now consider i 1=−2 A ,∈negative direction

200=500 (−2 ) +1000 i2

200+1000
i 2= =1.2 A ans . ,
1000
+¿
¿
¿

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