PROJECT:

EXTENSION OF 220kV BUJAGALI SUBSTATION

CONTRACT NO. UETCL/WORKS/2016/00016

CUSTOMER:
UGANDA ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION CO. LTD (UETCL)
10 HANNINGTON ROAD, FIFTH FLOOR
KAMPALA, REPUBLIC OF UGANDA
CONSULTANT:
GOPA-INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSULTANTS GMBH
JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR. 1,
61352 BAD HOMBURG V.D.H., GERMANY
SUBSTATION NAME: DOCUMENT NUMBER :

BUJ/S/7300/BUJ/DD/ESO
EXTENSION OF 220/132kV BUJAGALI SUBSTATION
/0007

0 - 06.06.2018 Issued for Approval RSL BSR BSR

REV. STAT DATE MODIFICATION PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED
CONTRACTOR NAME :

NATIONAL CONTRACTING Co. LTD.

TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION DIVISION
P.O.Box.90, AL-KHOBAR-31962, SAUDI ARABIA

SUBCONTRACTOR / SUPPLIER NAME DRAWING/DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION:

-
SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION
DATE NAME SIGN
PRPD 06.06.18 RSL SCALE SIZE PAGES: REV
CHECK. 06.06.18 BSR
-- A4 0
APPRD. 06.06.18 BSR
 NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD.,
T & D Division
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
DOC. NO: BUJ/S/7300/BUJ/DD/ESO
PROJECT 220kV BUJAGALI SUBSTATION EXTENSION
/0007

TITLE SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION Date : 06-06-2018 Revision : 0

SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR STRUNG BUS

TWIN "T" ACSR - 30.5 M SPAN

PHASE TO PHASE SPACING - 4.5 M

 The following calculations are based on IEC - 865
1 BASIC PARAMETERS
a. System Voltage = 220 kV (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

b. Highest System Voltage = 245.0 kV

c. Short Circuit Rating = 40.0 kA (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

d. System Frequency = 50 Hz (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

e. Duration of Short Circuit current flow = 3 s (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

2 CONDUCTOR & ANCHORING DETAILS

a. Details of Main Conductor
(i) Type = T ACSR As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(ii) Number of sub-conductor per phase = 2 Nos. As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(iii) Mass per unit length of one subconductor = 2.566 kg/m As per Conductor details (Attached)

(iv) Cross-section of one sub-conductor = 766.55 mm2 As per Conductor details (Attached)

(v) Young's Modulus = 7.99E+05 Kg./Cm2 As per Conductor details (Attached)

= 7.83E+10 N/m 2 As per Conductor details (Attached)

(vi) Diameter = 36.00 mm As per Conductor details (Attached)

(vii) Minimum Nominal Creepage distance = 6125 mm

(viii) Minimum Creepage distance per kV = 6125 / 245 = 25 mm/kV (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

(ix) Creepage distance of a disc insulator = 432 mm/kV As per typical vendor drawing (Attached)

(x) Distance between centres of disc units = 145 mm As per typical vendor drawing (Attached)

(xi) Material Constant Cth = 2.7E-19 m4/A2s As per IEC - 865 (Pg No: 45) cl:2.3.2.4
attached annexure-II

b. Details of Anchoring of Main Conductor

(i) Centre-line dist. between main conductor mid-points = 4500 mm As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(ii) Length of Insulator Chain = 145x15 = 2175 mm

No of insulator discs = 245 x 25 / 432 = 14.2 ≈ 15 discs
(( Highest sys. Volt. x Creep. Dist./kV) / Creep. Dist. per insulator)
(iii) Conductor span = 30.50 m As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(iv) Tension of conductor (Single conductor) = 1000 kg

(Tension of conductor x gn) = 1000 × 9.81 N = 9810 N

(v) Tension of conductor = 9810 × 2 N = 19620 N

vi) Girder width = 1500 mm As per 220kV Switchyard plan

vii) Distance between sub-conductors = 250 mm As per 220kV Switchyard plan

viii) Distance between two adjacent spacers = 2400 mm (Assumed)

3 Effects on Main Conductor

3.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters

a. Characteristic electromagnetic load per unit length on flexible main conductors in three-phase systems
I k3 right ) rSup { size 8{2} } } over {a} } times { {l rSub { size 8{c} } } over {l} } } {

F' = ¿
¿ IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:19
μ0
×0.75׿ annexure-II Aattched
2π

where
¿

I''k3 = 3 Ph. initial symmetrical short-circuit current (r.m.s.)

= 40000 A

a = Centre-line distance between main conductor mid points

= 4.5 m

l = Centre-line distance between supports

= 30.50 m
lc = Cord length of the main conductor in the span

= l – (2 × ( length of one insulator chain + half of the girder width))

= 30.5 - ( 2 x (2.175+0.75)

= 24.65 m
μ0 = Permeability of free space, 4 π x 10-7

Hence

F' = ( 2 x 10^-7) x 0.75 x ( 1600000000 / 4.5 ) x ( 24.65 / 30.5 ) N/m

= 43.104

b. Ratio of electromagnetic force under short-circuit conditions to the gravitational force on a conductor
r = F' IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:20
annexure-II Aattched
n×m sc '×g n
where

n = Number of sub-conductors of a main conductor

= 2 Nos.
m's = Mass per unit length of one sub-conductor

= 2.566 kg/m
gn = Conventional value of acceleration of gravity

= 9.81 m/s2

Hence

r = 43.104/(2 x 2.566 x 9.81)

= 0.856
c. Direction of resulting force exerted on the conductor
δ1 = arctan (r)
IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1
Eq:21annexure-II Aattched

= ATAN(0.856) rad

= 0.70807 rad

= 0.70807 × 180/π °

= 40.569 °

d. Equivalent static conductor sag at midspan

bc = n×m sc '×g n ×l2 IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:22
annexure-II Aattched
8 F st
where
Fst = Static tensile force in flexible main conductor

= 19620 N
Hence
bc = 2 x 2.566 x 9.81 x 30.5^2/(8 x 19620) m

= 0.298 m

e. Period of conductor oscillations

T =

=
2π 0.8
√ bc
gn
2 x π x √(0.8 x 0.298/9.81) s
IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:23
annexure-II Aattched

= 0.980 s

f. Resulting period of conductor oscillation during short-circuit current flow

Tres = T
IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:24

[ [ ]]
2 annexure-II Aattched
4 π2 δ1
√ 1+r 2 1−
64 900
= 0.98011/[(1 + 0.85617^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (40.569/90)^2}] s

= 0.882 s

g. Actual Young's modulus

F st
Es =
[
E 0 . 3+0 . 7× sin

E
(
F st
nA s σ fin
×900
)] For

For
nA s
F st
≤σ fin IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:26 ,
27 annexure-II Aattched

>σ fin
where nA s
δfin = Lowest value of δ when Young's modulus becomes constant

= 5E+07 N/m²
Fst/(n As) = 19620.000/(2 x 0.000766550) where As is cross-section of one sub-conductor

= 1.28E+07 N/m2
≤ δfin
 Hence
Es = 7.8E+10 [0.3 + 0.7 SIN{19620.000/(2 x 0.000766550 x 5.0E+07) x 90°}] N/m²

= 4.49.E+10 N/m²

h. Stiffness norm of an installation with flexible conductors

N = 1 1 IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:25
+ annexure-II Aattched
Sl nE s A s
where

S = 100000 N/m , for slack conductors

Hence

N = 1/(100000 x 30.5) + 1/(2 x 4.49E+10 x 0.000766550) 1/N

= 3.42.E-07 1/N

i. Stress factor ζ of the main conductor

2
z = ( ngn msc ' l ) IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:28
annexure-II Aattched
24 f 3N
st
= (2 x 9.81 x 2.566 x 30.5)^2 / (24 x 19620.000^3 x 3.4E-07)

= 0.038

j. Swing-out angle at the end of the short-circuit current flow

δk =
[
δ 1 1−cos

2 δ1
(
Tk1
T res
×3600
)] For 0 ≤ Tk1/Tres ≤ 0.5

For Tk1/Tres > 0.5

IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:29
annexure-II Aattched

where
Tk1 = Duration of first short-circuit current flow

= 0.4T (Minimum(0.4T,1))

= 0.392 s
Tk1/Tres = 0.392/0.882
= 0.445 ≤ 0.5

Hence
δk = 40.569{1 – COS(360° x 0.392/0.882)} °

= 78.702 °

k. Quantity for maximum swing-out angle

χ = 1 – r sinδk For 0 ≤ δk ≤ 90° IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:30
annexure-II Aattched

1–r For δk > 90°

δk = 78.7022 < 90°

Hence
χ = 1 – 0.856 · SIN(78.702)

= 0.160
 l. Maximum swing-out angle
δm = 1.25 arccosχ For 0.766 ≤ χ ≤ 1 (i) IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:31
annexure-II Aattched

10° + arccosχ For – 0.985 ≤ χ ≤ 0.766 (ii)

180° For χ < – 0.985 (iii)

χ = 0.160 then Condition (ii)

Hence
δm = 90.769 °

3.2 Tensile force during short-circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force)
a. Load parameter φ
T res
φ = 3 ( √ 1+r 2 −1 ) For T k 1≥ IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) Cl:2.3.2.2 Eq:32
annexure-II Aattched
4
T res
3(rsinδk + cosδk – 1) For T k1<
4
Tk1/Tres = 0.392/0.882

= 0.44 ³ 0.25

Hence

φ = 3{√(1 + 0.85617^2) – 1}

= 0.949

b. Load parameter Ψ
The factor Ψ is a function of ζ and φ – it can be calculated as a real solution of the equation:

ϕ2Ψ3 + ϕ(2 + ζ)Ψ2 + (1 + 2ζ)Ψ – ζ(2 + ϕ) = 0 IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) Cl:2.3.2.2 Eq:33
annexure-II Aattched

Solving the above equation for Ψ (0 ≤ Ψ ≤ 1)

Ψ = 0.089
Substituting the value of Ψ in the above equation,

= 0.949^2×0.089^3+0.949(2+0.038)×0.089^2+(1+2×0.038)×0.089–0.038×(2+0.949)

= 0.000

c. Tensile force Ft during short circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force)
Ft = Fst(1 + φΨ) For n = 1, single conductor IEC - 865 (Pg No:43)Cl:2.3.2.2 Eq:34
annexure-II Aattched

1.1 Fst(1 + φΨ) For n ≥ 2, bundled conductor

n = 2 Nos.
Hence
Ft = 1.1 x 19620.000 (1 + 0.949 x 0.089) N
Ft = 23405.481 N

2385.880 kg
3.3 Tensile force Ff after short circuit caused by drop (drop force)
This is significant for r > 0.6 if δm ≥ 70°

r = 0.85617
δm = 90.77 °
Ff

Ff
=

=
√
1. 2 F st 1+8 ζ
180
δm

1.2 × 19620.000 x √(1 + 8 × 0.038 x 90.77/180°)

0
IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.3 Eq:35
annexure-II Aattched

Ff = 25283.943 N

= 2577.364 kg

3.4 Maximum Horizontal span displacement (bh) and minimum air clearance(amin)

a. Elastic expansion (εela)

εela = N (Ft - Fst) IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:36
annexure-II Aattched

= 3.42E-7 *(23405 - 19620)

= 1.30E-03

b. Thermal Expansion (εth)

Material constant (Cth ) is 0.27*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel > 6

0.17*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel < 6

0.088*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Copper

Cth = 2.70E-19 m4/A2s

Thermal Expansion εth =

I k3 } over { ital nA rSub { size 8{s} } } } right ] rSup { size 8{2} } T rSub { size 8{ ital res} } /4} {
¿
for Tk1 ≥ Tres/4 IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:37
¿ annexure-II Aattched
cth ¿
¿

k3} } } over { ital nA rSub { size 8{s} } } } right ] rSup { size 8{2} } T rSub { size 8{k1} } } {
¿ for Tk1 ≥ Tres/4
I¿
¿
¿
cth ¿
¿
= 0.27E-18*(40000/(2*0.0007666))²*0.88/4

εth = 4.05E-05

c. Dilation Factor (CD)

CD

√
= 2

[ ]
3 l IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:38
1+ ( ε els + ε th ) annexure-II Aattched
8 bc
= √(1+3/8*(30.5/0.30)²*(1.30E-03+4.05E-05))
CD = 2.50

d. Form factor (CF)

CF = 1.05 for r < 0.8 IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:39
0.97+0.1r for 0.8 < r < 1.8 annexure-II Aattched

1.15 for r > 1.8

= 0.97+ 0.1*0.8562

CF = 1.056
 e. Maximum Horizontal span displacement ( bh)

For slack conductors bh = CF CD bc for δm > 90o IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.2.4
CF CD bc sin δm for δm < 90o Eq:40,41 annexure-II Aattched

For strained Conductors bh = CF CD bc sin δ1 b h for δm > δ1

CF CD bc sin δm for δm < δ1

= 1.06*2.50*0.2984(sin(40.57))
bh = 0.51 m

f. Minimum air clearance (amin)

amin = a - 2bh IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:42

annexure-II Aattched

= 4.5- 2*0.51
amin = 3.48 m

4 Tensile Force Fpi caused by pinch effect

4.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters

a. Sub-conductors are considered to clash effectively if either one of following equations are fulfilled

as/ds ≤ 2 and ls ≥ 50 as IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:43

annexure-II Aattched

as/ds ≤ 2.5 and ls ≥ 70 as

where IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:44

as = Distance between sub-conductors annexure-II Aattched

= 0.250 m
ls = Distance between two adjacent spacers

= 2.400 m
ds = Diameter of flexible conductor
= 0.036 m
Hence
as/ds = 0.250/0.036

= 6.944
ls/as = 2.400/0.250

= 9.600

So, sub-conductors shall not clash effectively during short-circuit and Tensile Force caused by pinch effect shall be
calculated following the below steps:

b. Factor k for peak short-circuit current

K = 1. 02+0 . 98 exp
−3 ( Rx ) Refer IEC-60909-0 Page 101 Cl:4.3.1.1 annexure-II Attached

Ta = X 1
Refer IEEE-605-1998 Page 17 Cl:10.2 annexure-II Attached

Where
R
2 πf
Ta = 0.06 s Refer IEC -62271-100 Page 71 annexure-II Aattched

R 1
=
X Ta× 2 πf
 = 1 / (0.06 x 2 π x 50)

= 0.053

K = 1.02 + (0.98(exp ^ -3 x 0.053))

K = 1.86

c. Time constant of network t

1
t = For k ≥ 1.1 and if k < 1.1, then k = 1.1

[ − 2π
f
3
× ln
( k −1. 02 )
( 0 . 98 ) { }] IEC - 865 (Pg No:109) Cl:A.6 Fig:8 annexure-II
Aattched

= 1 / [–(2 x π x 50/3) x ln {(1.856 – 1.02) / 0.98}]

= 0.060 s

d. Factor γ
γ = tan-1(2πft) IEC - 865 (Pg No:109) Cl:A.6 Fig:8 annexure-II
Aattched
= ARCTAN(2 x π x 50 x 0.06000)

= 1.518

e. Factor v1 I k 3 } over {n} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } { {n - 1} over {a rSub { size 8{s} } } } } } } } { IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:46
¿
¿ annexure-II Aattched
μ0
¿
v1 =
2π
( a s −d s ) msc '
¿
¿
1
f √¿
180 0
sin
n
¿

= 50 × {1/SIN(180°/2)} × √[{(0.25–0.036) × 2.566}/{2E-7 × (40000/2)^2 × (2–1)/0.25}]

= 2.071

g. Factor v2
= 2.200
As per IEC - 865, From Fig 8, k=1.86,(Pg No:87)

h. Factor v3 As per IEC - 865 (Pg No:111)

v3 =
d s / as √ ( a s / d s )−1
180 0 tan −1 √ ( as / d s )−1
sin ( ) n
= (0.036/0.25)/SIN(180°/2) x √(0.25/0.036–1)/ATAN{√(0.25/0.036–1)}

= 0.297

i. Short-circuit current force, Fv

I k3 } over {n} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } { {l rSub { size 8{s} } } over {a rSub { size 8{s} } } } { {v rSub { size 8{2} } } over {v rSub { size 8{3} } } } } {
Fv = ¿
¿ IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:45
μ
(n−1) 0 ¿ annexure-II Aattched
2π
¿
= (2 – 1) x 2E-7 x (40000/2)^2 x (2.4/0.25) x (2.20000/0.29714)

= 5686.237 N

j. Strain factor of the bundle contraction, εst & εpi

F st l 2 N 2
= 1800
εst
1. 5
( a s−d s )
s
2 ( sin
n ) IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:47
annexure-II Aattched

= 1.5 x 19620.000×2.4^2×3.42E-07/(0.25 – 0.036)^2 x {SIN(180°/2)}^2

= 1.267
 Fv l N
εpi = 0 3
0 . 375 n
s3

( as − d s )
3
sin (180
n ) IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:48
annexure-II Aattched

= 0.375 x 2 x 5686.237×2.4^3×3.42E-07/(0.25 – 0.036)^3 x {SIN(180°/2)}^3

= 2.060

k. Parameter determining the bundle conductor configuration during short-circuit current flow, j

√
j = ε pi
IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:49
1+ ε st annexure-II Aattched

= √{2.05964/(1 + 1.26736)}

= 0.953
j ≥ 1 : The sub-conductors clash.

< 1 : The sub-conductors reduce their distance but do not clash.

Calculation of tensile force caused by pinching effect for non-clashing sub-conductor:
IEC - 865 (Pg No:95) fig no:11b
l. η = 0.600 From Figure 11b - IEC60865-1(approx) annexure-II Aattched

for j = 0.953
& εst = 1.267 ≈ 2^0

ve 2
m. Fpi

where
=
(
F st 1+
ε st
η
) IEC - 865 (Pg No:51) Cl:2.3.3.3 Eq:54
annexure-II Aattched

ve = 1/2 + √ (A1 A2 A3) - 1/4 IEC - 865 (Pg No:51) Cl:2.3.3.2 Eq:52
annexure-II Aattched
I k 3 } over {n} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } N} {

A1 =
¿
¿
9 μ
n ( n−1 ) 0 ¿
8 2π
¿

= 6.1629121474E-05 4
1800
ls 4 ( sin )
A2 = v2
( a s −d s ) η4
n

= 268539.1146
−1
A3 = 1−
tan √ v4
v4
= 0.222
v4 = a s −d s
η
as −η ( as − d s )
= 1.056
Hence
ve = 2.352

Now,the tensile force due to pinch effect can be calculated by

Fpi = 32730 N

CONCLUSION
Design load for structures, insulators and connectors

The maximum value of Ft or Ff of flexible conductor spans shall be applied to the structure, the insulators and the
connectors as as static load.
Maximum of Ft , Ff , Fpi (if applicable):

= Maximum of (23405.481 N,25283.943 N, 32730.410 N) = 32730.41 N

= 3.336 Tonne
5 Critical Spacer span

From the below tabular column, it is clear that the subconductor clashes after a spacer distance of 2.4m. Hence a spacer
span of 2.4m is selected. Subconductor clashes after
this span

Spacer distance (m) 1 1.5 2 2.4 3 4 5

Short Circuit force (Tonne) 3.26 3.26 3.26 3.26 4.01 3.46 3.14

5.00
SCF in tonnes

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Spacer span in mtrs
Step - 1: Input

Mink Wolf

Mass per unit length of one subconductor = 0.255 0.727

Cross-section of one sub-conductor = 73.64 194.94

Young's Modulus = 8.09E+05 7.87E+05

= 8.25E+10 8.02E+10

Diameter = 10.98 18.13

#REF!
Step - 2: Check/revise formula of lc according to conductor SLACK/STRINGED

for slack conductor, lc = l for stringed conductor, lc = l-2li

0.45 for half of girder of the particular considered bus width

Strained
Step - 3: Check condition for c.

Step - 4: Check value of dm.

0.9012 y3

1.9347 y2
1.0760 y
- 0.1121 Constant

Step - 5: Do goal seek

(1a) Step - 6: Tensile Force, Ft.

(1b) Step - 7: Drop Force, Ff.
 0.25

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

0.033 0.027 0.125 0.278 0.35 0.565

2.302 2.302 2.302 2.302 2.302 2.542 3.412 3.237 3.091

est epi
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 4000 5000 6000
0.02 0.1 0.27 0.37 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.47

3.673 3.673 3.673 3.673 4.148 4.035 3.939 3.673

1.267 2.060 2.695 x value using cubic equation

A1 6.163E-05

V4 5.944

A3 0.515
A2 659.7879

Ve Err:502

Fpi Err:502

Err:502
Err:502
Panther Zebra Moose

0.976 1.623 2.004 kg/m

261.54 484.5 596.99 mm2

7.87E+05 ### 6.86E+05 Kg./Cm2

8.02E+10 ### 6.99E+10 N/m2

21 28.62 31.77 mm
F388: ed027:
CHECK FOR "0"

F584: vsh:
From graph with V1 & k

F631: Note:
Check the value of j to decide further steps either as per §2.3.3.2 or §2.3.3.3 of IEC 865-1

M689: Subconductor clashes after this span

N97: vtn:
0.27*10-18 m4/A2s for Aluminium alloy & Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel > 6
0.17*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel < 6
0.088*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Copper

N103: Note:
For string bus insulator string length shall be entered.
For equipment connection, this shall be zero.

X647: est

Z647: epi
 NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD.,
T & D Division
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
DOC. NO: BUJ/S/7300/BUJ/DD/ESO
PROJECT 220kV BUJAGALI SUBSTATION EXTENSION
/0007

TITLE SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION Date : 06-06-2018 Revision : 0

SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR EQUIPMENT BUS

TWIN "T" ACSR - 6 M (SPAN)

PHASE TO PHASE SPACING - 4.5 M

 The following calculations are based on IEC - 865
1 BASIC PARAMETERS
a. System Voltage = 220 kV (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

b. Highest System Voltage = 245.0 kV

c. Short Circuit Rating = 40.0 kA (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

d. System Frequency = 50 Hz (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

e. Duration of Short Circuit current flow = 3 s (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

2 CONDUCTOR & ANCHORING DETAILS Step - 1: Inp

a. Details of Main Conductor

(i) Type = T ACSR As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(ii) Number of sub-conductor per phase = 2 Nos. As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(iii) Mass per unit length of one subconductor = 2.566 kg/m As per Conductor details (Attached) Mass pe

(iv) Cross-section of one sub-conductor = 766.55 mm2 As per Conductor details (Attached) Cross-s

(v) Young's Modulus = 7.99E+05 Kg./Cm2 As per Conductor details (Attached) Young's

= 7.83E+10 N/m2 As per Conductor details (Attached)

(vi) Diameter = 36.00 mm As per Conductor details (Attached) Diamet

(vii) Minimum Nominal Creepage distance = 6125 mm

(viii) Minimum Creepage distance per kV = 6125 / 245 = 25 mm/kV (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

(ix) Creepage distance of a disc insulator = 432 mm/kV As per typical vendor drawing (Attached)

(x) Distance between centres of disc units = 145 mm As per typical vendor drawing (Attached)

(xi) Material Constant Cth = 2.7E-19 m4/A2s As per IEC - 865 (Pg No: 45) cl:2.3.2.4
attached annexure-II

b. Details of Anchoring of Main Conductor

(i) Centre-line dist. between main conductor mid-points = 4500 mm As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(ii) Length of Insulator Chain = 145x0 = 0 mm

No of insulator discs = 245 x 25 / 432 = 14.2 ≈ 0 discs

(( Highest sys. Volt. x Creep. Dist./kV) / Creep. Dist. per insulator)
(iii) Conductor span = 6.00 m As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(iv) Tension of conductor = 100 kg (Assumed)

(Tension of conductor x gn) = 100 × 9.81 N = 981 N

(v) Tension of conductor = 981 × 2 N = 1962 N

vi) Girder width = 0 mm As per 220kV Switchyard plan

vii) Distance between sub-conductors = 250 mm As per 220kV Switchyard plan

viii) Distance between two adjacent spacers = 900 mm (Assumed)

3 Effects on Main Conductor

3.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters

a. Characteristic electromagnetic load per unit length on flexible main conductors in three-phase systems
I k3 right ) rSup { size 8{2} } } over {a} } times { {l rSub { size 8{c} } } over {l} } } {

F' = ¿
¿ IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:19
μ0
×0.75׿ annexure-II Aattched
2π

where
¿

I''k3 = 3 Ph. initial symmetrical short-circuit current (r.m.s.)

= 40000 A

a = Centre-line distance between main conductor mid points

= 4.5 m

l = Centre-line distance between supports

= 6.00 m
lc = Cord length of the main conductor in the span

= l – (2 × ( length of one insulator chain + half of the girder width)) Step - 2: Ch

= 6 - ( 2 x (0+0)

= 6.00 m
μ0 = Permeability of free space, 4 π x 10-7
Hence

F' = ( 2 x 10^-7) x 0.75 x ( 1600000000 / 4.5 ) x ( 6 / 6 ) N/m

= 53.333

b. Ratio of electromagnetic force under short-circuit conditions to the gravitational force on a conductor
r = F' IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:20
annexure-II Aattched
n×m sc '×g n
where

n = Number of sub-conductors of a main conductor

= 2 Nos.
m's = Mass per unit length of one sub-conductor

= 2.566 kg/m
gn = Conventional value of acceleration of gravity

= 9.81 m/s2
Hence

r = 53.333/(2 x 2.566 x 9.81)

= 1.059
c. Direction of resulting force exerted on the conductor
δ1 = arctan (r)
IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1
Eq:21annexure-II Aattched

= ATAN(1.059) rad

= 0.81421 rad

= 0.81421 × 180/π °

= 46.651 °

d. Equivalent static conductor sag at midspan

2
bc = n×m sc '×g n ×l IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:22
annexure-II Aattched
where 8 F st
Fst = Static tensile force in flexible main conductor

= 1962 N
Hence
bc = 2 x 2.566 x 9.81 x 6^2/(8 x 1962) m

= 0.115 m

e. Period of conductor oscillations

T =

=
2π 0.8
√ bc
gn
2 x π x √(0.8 x 0.115/9.81) s
IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:23
annexure-II Aattched

= 0.610 s

f. Resulting period of conductor oscillation during short-circuit current flow

Tres = T
IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:24

[ [ ]]
2 annexure-II Aattched
4 2 π2 δ1
√ 1+r 1−
64 900
= 0.60971/[(1 + 1.05936^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (46.651/90)^2}] s

= 0.527 s

g. Actual Young's modulus

F st
Es =
[
E 0 . 3+0 . 7×sin

E
(
F st
nA s σ fin
×900
)] For

For
nA s
F st
≤σ fin IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:26 ,27
annexure-II Aattched

>σ fin
where nA s
δfin = Lowest value of δ when Young's modulus becomes constant

= 5E+07 N/m²
Fst/(n As) = 1962.000/(2 x 0.000766550) where As is cross-section of one sub-conductor

= 1.28E+06 N/m2
≤ δfin
 Hence
Es = 7.8E+10 [0.3 + 0.7 SIN{1962.000/(2 x 0.000766550 x 5.0E+07) x 90°}] N/m²

= 2.57.E+10 N/m²

h. Stiffness norm of an installation with flexible conductors

N = 1 1 IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:25
+ annexure-II Aattched
Sl nE s A s
where

S = 100000 N/m , for slack conductors

Hence

N = 1/(100000 x 6) + 1/(2 x 2.57E+10 x 0.000766550) 1/N

= 1.69.E-06 1/N

i. Stress factor ζ of the main conductor

2
z = ( ngn msc ' l ) IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:28
annexure-II Aattched
24 f 3N
st
= (2 x 9.81 x 2.566 x 6)^2 / (24 x 1962.000^3 x 1.7E-06)

= 0.298

j. Swing-out angle at the end of the short-circuit current flow

δk =
[
δ 1 1−cos

2 δ1
(
Tk1
T res
×3600
)] For 0 ≤ Tk1/Tres ≤ 0.5

For Tk1/Tres > 0.5

IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:29
annexure-II Aattched

where
Tk1 = Duration of first short-circuit current flow

= 0.4T (Minimum(0.4T,1))

= 0.244 s
Tk1/Tres = 0.244/0.527
= 0.463 ≤ 0.5

Hence
δk = 46.651{1 – COS(360° x 0.244/0.527)} °

= 92.033 °

k. Quantity for maximum swing-out angle

χ = 1 – r sinδk For 0 ≤ δk ≤ 90° IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:30
annexure-II Aattched

1–r For δk > 90°

δk = 92.0326 °> 90°

Hence
χ = 1 – 1.059

= -0.059
l. Maximum swing-out angle
δm = 1.25 arccosχ For 0.766 ≤ χ ≤ 1 (i) IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:31
annexure-II Aattched
10° + arccosχ For – 0.985 ≤ χ ≤ 0.766 (ii)

180° For χ < – 0.985 (iii) Step - 3: Ch

χ = -0.059 then Condition (ii)

Hence
δm = 103.403 ° Step - 4: Ch

3.2 Tensile force during short-circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force)
a. Load parameter φ
T res
φ = 3 ( √ 1+r 2 −1 ) For T k 1≥ IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) Cl:2.3.2.2 Eq:32
annexure-II Aattched
4
T res
3(rsinδk + cosδk – 1) For T k1<
4
Tk1/Tres = 0.244/0.527

= 0.46 ³ 0.25

Hence

φ = 3{√(1 + 1.05936^2) – 1}

= 1.370

b. Load parameter Ψ
The factor Ψ is a function of ζ and φ – it can be calculated as a real solution of the equation:

ϕ2Ψ3 + ϕ(2 + ζ)Ψ2 + (1 + 2ζ)Ψ – ζ(2 + ϕ) = 0 IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) Cl:2.3.2.2 Eq:33 1.8779
annexure-II Aattched

Solving the above equation for Ψ (0 ≤ Ψ ≤ 1) 3.1484

Ψ = 0.345 1.5950
Substituting the value of Ψ in the above equation, - 1.0027

= 1.370^2×0.345^3+1.370(2+0.298)×0.345^2+(1+2×0.298)×0.345–0.298×(2+1.370)

= 0.000 Step - 5: Do

c. Tensile force Ft during short circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force)
Ft = Fst(1 + φΨ) For n = 1, single conductor IEC - 865 (Pg No:43)Cl:2.3.2.2 Eq:34
annexure-II Aattched

1.1 Fst(1 + φΨ) For n ≥ 2, bundled conductor

n = 2 Nos.
Hence
Ft = 1.1 x 1962.000 (1 + 1.370 x 0.345) N
Ft = 3179.143 N (1a)

324.072 kg
 3.3 Tensile force Ff after short circuit caused by drop (drop force)
This is significant for r > 0.6 if δm ≥ 70°

r = 1.05936
δm = 103.40 °
Ff

Ff
=

=
√
1. 2 F st 1+8 ζ
δm
1800
1.2 × 1962.000 x √(1 + 8 × 0.298 x 103.40/180°)
IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.3 Eq:35
annexure-II Aattched

Ff = 3622.435 N (1b)

= 369.259 kg

7.3 3.4 Maximum Horizontal span displacement (b h) and minimum air clearance(amin)

a. Elastic expansion (εela)

εela = N (Ft - Fst) IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:36
annexure-II Aattched

= 1.69E-6 *(3179 - 1962)

= 2.06E-03

b. Thermal Expansion (εth)

Material constant (Cth ) is 0.27*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel > 6

0.17*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel < 6

0.088*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Copper

Cth = 2.70E-19 m4/A2s

Thermal Expansion εth =

I k3 } over { ital nA rSub { size 8{s} } } } right ] rSup { size 8{2} } T rSub { size 8{ ital res} } /4} {
¿
for Tk1 ≥ Tres/4 IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:37
¿ annexure-II Aattched
cth ¿
¿
for Tk1 ≥ Tres/4
k3} } } over { ital nA rSub { size 8{s} } } } right ] rSup { size 8{2} } T rSub { size 8{k1} } } {
¿
I¿
¿
¿
c th ¿
¿
= 0.27E-18*(40000/(2*0.0007666))²*0.53/4

εth = 2.42E-05

c. Dilation Factor (CD)

CD

√
= 2

[ ]
3 l IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:38
1+ ( ε els + ε th ) annexure-II Aattched
8 bc
= √(1+3/8*(6/0.12)²*(2.06E-03+2.42E-05))
CD = 1.76

d. Form factor (CF)

CF = 1.05 for r < 0.8 IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:39
0.97+0.1r for 0.8 < r < 1.8 annexure-II Aattched

1.15 for r > 1.8

= 0.97+ 0.1*1.0594

CF = 1.076
e. Maximum Horizontal span displacement ( bh)

For slack conductors bh = CF CD bc for δm > 90o IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:40,41
CF CD bc sin δm for δm < 90o annexure-II Aattched

For strained Conductors bh = CF CD bc sin δb1 h for δm > δ1

CF CD bc sin δm for δm < δ1

= 1.08*1.76*0.1155(sin(46.65))
bh = 0.16 m

f. Minimum air clearance (amin)

amin = a - 2bh IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:42

annexure-II Aattched

= 4.5- 2*0.16
amin = 4.18 m

4 Tensile Force Fpi caused by pinch effect

4.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters
a. Sub-conductors are considered to clash effectively if either one of following equations are fulfilled

as/ds ≤ 2 and ls ≥ 50 as IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:43

annexure-II Aattched

as/ds ≤ 2.5 and ls ≥ 70 as

where IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:44

as = Distance between sub-conductors annexure-II Aattched

= 0.250 m
ls = Distance between two adjacent spacers

= 0.900 m
ds = Diameter of flexible conductor
= 0.036 m
Hence
as/ds = 0.250/0.036
= 6.944
ls/as = 0.900/0.250

= 3.600

So, sub-conductors shall not clash effectively during short-circuit and Tensile Force caused by pinch effect shall be calculated
following the below steps:

b. Factor k for peak short-circuit current

K =
1. 02+0 . 98 exp
−3 ( Rx ) Refer IEC-60909-0 Page 101 Cl:4.3.1.1 annexure-II Attached

Ta = X 1
Refer IEEE-605-1998 Page 17 Cl:10.2 annexure-II Attached

Where
R
2 πf
Ta = 0.06 s Refer IEC -62271-100 Page 71 annexure-II Aattched
R 1
=
X Ta× 2 πf
 = 1 / (0.06 x 2 π x 50)

= 0.053

K = 1.02 + (0.98(exp ^ -3 x 0.053))

K = 1.86

c. Time constant of network t

1
t = For k ≥ 1.1 and if k < 1.1, then k = 1.1

[ − 2π
f
3
× ln
( k −1. 02 )
( 0 . 98 ) { }] IEC - 865 (Pg No:109) Cl:A.6 Fig:8 annexure-II
Aattched

= 1 / [–(2 x π x 50/3) x ln {(1.856 – 1.02) / 0.98}]

= 0.060 s

d. Factor γ
γ = tan-1(2πft) IEC - 865 (Pg No:109) Cl:A.6 Fig:8 annexure-II
Aattched

= ARCTAN(2 x π x 50 x 0.06000)

= 1.518

e. Factor v1 I k 3 } over {n} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } { {n - 1} over {a rSub { size 8{s} } } } } } } } { IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:46
¿
¿ annexure-II Aattched
μ0
¿
v1 =
2π
( a s −d s ) msc '
¿
¿
1
f √¿
180 0
sin
n
¿

= 50 × {1/SIN(180°/2)} × √[{(0.25–0.036) × 2.566}/{2E-7 × (40000/2)^2 × (2–1)/0.25}]

= 2.071

g. Factor v2

= 2.150 As per IEC - 865, From Fig 8, k=1.86, (Pg No:87)

h. Factor v3 As per IEC - 865 (Pg No:111)

v3 =
d s / as √ ( a s / d s )−1
0
tan −1 √ ( as / d s )−1
sin (180n )
= (0.036/0.25)/SIN(180°/2) x √(0.25/0.036–1)/ATAN{√(0.25/0.036–1)}

= 0.297

i. Short-circuit current force, Fv

I k3 } over {n} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } { {l rSub { size 8{s} } } over {a rSub { size 8{s} } } } { {v rSub { size 8{2} } } over {v rSub { size 8{3} } } } } {
Fv = ¿
¿ IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:45
μ
(n−1) 0 ¿ annexure-II Aattched
2π
¿
= (2 – 1) x 2E-7 x (40000/2)^2 x (0.9/0.25) x (2.15000/0.29714)

= 2083.877 N

j. Strain factor of the bundle contraction, εst & εpi

F st l 2 N 2
= 1800
εst
1. 5
( a s−d s )2
s
( sin
n ) IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:47
annexure-II Aattched

= 1.5 x 1962.000×0.9^2×1.69E-06/(0.25 – 0.036)^2 x {SIN(180°/2)}^2

= 0.088
 Fv l N
εpi = 0 3
0 . 375 n s3

( as − d s ) 3
sin (180
n ) IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:48
annexure-II Aattched

= 0.375 x 2 x 2083.877×0.9^3×1.69E-06/(0.25 – 0.036)^3 x {SIN(180°/2)}^3

= 0.197

k. Parameter determining the bundle conductor configuration during short-circuit current flow, j

√
j = ε pi
IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:49
1+ ε st annexure-II Aattched

= √{0.19671/(1 + 0.08808)}

= 0.425
j ≥ 1 : The sub-conductors clash.

< 1 : The sub-conductors reduce their distance but do not clash.

Calculation of tensile force caused by pinching effect for non-clashing sub-conductor:
IEC - 865 (Pg No:95) fig no:11b
l. η = 0.220 From Figure 11b - IEC60865-1(approx) annexure-II Aattched

for j = 0.425
& εst = 0.088 ≈ 2^-2

ve 2
m. Fpi

where
= F st 1+
( ε st
η
) IEC - 865 (Pg No:51) Cl:2.3.3.3 Eq:54
annexure-II Aattched

ve = 1/2 + √ (A1 A2 A3) - 1/4 IEC - 865 (Pg No:51) Cl:2.3.3.2 Eq:52
annexure-II Aattched
I k 3 } over {n} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } N} {
A1 = ¿
¿
9 μ
n ( n−1 ) 0 ¿
8 2π
= 0.0003045697 ¿
0 4

ls 4 ( sin
180
)
A2 =

=
v2
(
287119.494683
a s −d s ) η4
n

−1
A3 = 1−
tan √ v4
v4
= 0.068
v4 = a s −d s
η
as −η ( as − d s )
= 0.232
Hence
ve = 2.888

Now,the tensile force due to pinch effect can be calculated by

Fpi = 5076 N

CONCLUSION
Design load for structures, insulators and connectors
The maximum value of Ft or Ff of flexible conductor spans shall be applied to the structure, the insulators and the connectors as
static load.
Maximum of Ft , Ff , Fpi (if applicable):

= Maximum of (3179.143 N,3622.435 N, 5076.023 N) = 5076.02 N

= 0.517 Tonne
Step - 1: Input

Mink Wolf anther Zebra ose

Mass per unit length of one subconductor = 0.255 0.727 0.976 1.623 2 kg/m

Cross-section of one sub-conductor = 73.64 194.94 ### 484.5 597 mm2

Young's Modulus = ### ### ### ### ### Kg./Cm2

= ### ### ### ### ### N/m2

Diameter = 10.98 18.13 21 28.62 32 mm

#REF!
Step - 2: Check/revise formula of lc according to conductor SLACK/STRINGED

for slack conductor, lc = l for stringed conductor, lc = l-2li

0.45 for half of girder of the particular considered bus width

Strained
Step - 3: Check condition for c.

Step - 4: Check value of dm.

1.8779

3.1484
1.5950
1.0027

Step - 5: Do goal seek

Step - 6: Tensile Force, Ft.

Step - 7: Drop Force, Ff.
 0.25

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

0.033 0.027 0.125 0.278 0.35 0.565

2.302 2.302 2.302 2.302 2.302 2.542 3.412 3.237 3.091

est epi

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 4000 5000 6000

0.02 0.1 0.27 0.37 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.47

3.673 3.673 3.673 3.673 4.148 4.035 3.939 3.673

0.088 0.197 2.137 x value using cubic equation

A1 0.0003

V4 5.944

A3 0.515
A2 32.2634

Ve Err:502

Fpi Err:502

Err:502
Err:502
F388: ed027:
CHECK FOR "0"

F635: Note:
Check the value of j to decide further steps either as per §2.3.3.2 or §2.3.3.3 of IEC 865-1

N97: vtn:
0.27*10-18 m4/A2s for Aluminium alloy & Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel > 6
0.17*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel < 6
0.088*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Copper

N103: Note:
For string bus insulator string length shall be entered.
For equipment connection, this shall be zero.

X651: est

Z651: epi
 NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD.,
T & D Division
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
DOC. NO: BUJ/S/7300/BUJ/DD/ESO
PROJECT 220kV BUJAGALI SUBSTATION EXTENSION
/0007

TITLE SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION Date : 06-06-2018 Revision : 0

SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR EQUIPMENT BUS

TWIN MOOSE ACSR - 4M SPAN

PHASE TO PHASE SPACING - 4.5 M

 The following calculations are based on IEC - 865
1 BASIC PARAMETERS
a. System Voltage = 220 kV (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

b. Highest System Voltage = 245.0 kV

c. Short Circuit Rating = 40.0 kA (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

d. System Frequency = 50 Hz (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

e. Duration of Short Circuit current flow = 3 s (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

2 CONDUCTOR & ANCHORING DETAILS Step - 1: Inp

a. Details of Main Conductor

(i) Type = T ACSR As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(ii) Number of sub-conductor per phase = 2 Nos. As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(iii) Mass per unit length of one subconductor = 2.566 kg/m As per Conductor details (Attached) Mass pe

(iv) Cross-section of one sub-conductor = 766.55 mm 2 As per Conductor details (Attached) Cross-se

(v) Young's Modulus = 7.99E+05 Kg./Cm2 As per Conductor details (Attached) Young's

= 7.89E+10 N/m2 As per Conductor details (Attached)

(vi) Diameter = 36.00 mm As per Conductor details (Attached) Diamete

(vii) Minimum Nominal Creepage distance = 6125 mm

(viii) Minimum Creepage distance per kV = 6125 / 245 = 25 mm/kV (As per Spec. Cl: S2.1.1)

(ix) Creepage distance of a disc insulator = 432 mm/kV As per typical vendor drawing (Attached)

(x) Distance between centres of disc units = 145 mm As per typical vendor drawing (Attached)

(xi) Material Constant Cth = 2.7E-19 m4/A2s As per IEC - 865 (Pg No: 45) cl:2.3.2.4
attached annexure-II

b. Details of Anchoring of Main Conductor

(i) Centre-line dist. between main conductor mid-points = 4500 mm As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(ii) Length of Insulator Chain = 145x0 = 0 mm

No of insulator discs = 245 x 25 / 432 = 14.2 ≈ 0 discs

(( Highest sys. Volt. x Creep. Dist./kV) / Creep. Dist. per insulator)
(iii) Conductor span = 4.00 m As per 220kV Switchyard plan

(iv) Tension of conductor = 100 kg Assumed

(Tension of conductor x gn) = 100 × 9.81 N = 981 N

(v) Tension of conductor = 981 × 2 N = 1962 N

vi) Girder width = 0 mm As per 220kV Switchyard plan

vii) Distance between sub-conductors = 250 mm As per 220kV Switchyard plan

viii) Distance between two adjacent spacers = 900 mm (Assumed)

3 Effects on Main Conductor

3.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters

a. Characteristic electromagnetic load per unit length on flexible main conductors in three-phase systems
I k3 right ) rSup { size 8{2} } } over {a} } times { {l rSub { size 8{c} } } over {l} } } {

F' = ¿
¿ IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:19
μ0
×0.75׿ annexure-II Aattched
2π

where
¿

I''k3 = 3 Ph. initial symmetrical short-circuit current (r.m.s.)

= 40000 A

a = Centre-line distance between main conductor mid points

= 4.5 m

l = Centre-line distance between supports

= 4.00 m
lc = Cord length of the main conductor in the span

= l – (2 × ( length of one insulator chain + half of the girder width)) Step - 2: Che

= 4 - ( 2 x (0+0)

= 4.00 m
μ0 = Permeability of free space, 4 π x 10-7

Hence

F' = ( 2 x 10^-7) x 0.75 x ( 1600000000 / 4.5 ) x ( 4 / 4 ) N/m

= 53.333

b. Ratio of electromagnetic force under short-circuit conditions to the gravitational force on a conductor
r = F' IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:20
annexure-II Aattched
n×m sc '×g n
where

n = Number of sub-conductors of a main conductor

= 2 Nos.
m's = Mass per unit length of one sub-conductor

= 2.566 kg/m
gn = Conventional value of acceleration of gravity

= 9.81 m/s2

Hence

r = 53.333/(2 x 2.566 x 9.81)

= 1.059
c. Direction of resulting force exerted on the conductor
δ1 = arctan (r)
IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1
Eq:21annexure-II Aattched

= ATAN(1.059) rad

= 0.81421 rad

= 0.81421 × 180/π °

= 46.651 °

d. Equivalent static conductor sag at midspan

bc = n×m sc '×g n ×l 2 IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:22
annexure-II Aattched
where 8 F st
Fst = Static tensile force in flexible main conductor

= 1962 N
Hence
bc = 2 x 2.566 x 9.81 x 4^2/(8 x 1962) m

= 0.051 m

e. Period of conductor oscillations

T =

=
2π 0.8
√ bc
gn
2 x π x √(0.8 x 0.051/9.81) s
IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:23
annexure-II Aattched

= 0.406 s

f. Resulting period of conductor oscillation during short-circuit current flow

Tres = T
IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:24

[ [ ]]
2 annexure-II Aattched
4 π2 δ1
√ 1+r 2 1−
64 900
= 0.40647/[(1 + 1.05936^2)^(1/4) x {1 – π^2/64 x (46.651/90)^2}] s

= 0.351 s

g. Actual Young's modulus

F st
Es =
[
E 0 . 3+0 . 7×sin

E
(
F st
nA s σ fin
×900
)] For

For
nA s
F st
≤σ fin IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:26 ,
27 annexure-II Aattched

>σ fin
where nA s
δfin = Lowest value of δ when Young's modulus becomes constant

= 5E+07 N/m²
Fst/(n As) = 1962.000/(2 x 0.000766550) where As is cross-section of one sub-conductor

= 1.28E+06 N/m2
≤ δfin
 Hence
Es = 7.9E+10 [0.3 + 0.7 SIN{1962.000/(2 x 0.000766550 x 5.0E+07) x 90°}] N/m²

= 2.59.E+10 N/m²

h. Stiffness norm of an installation with flexible conductors

N = 1 1 IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:25
+ annexure-II Aattched
Sl nE s A s
where

S = 100000 N/m , for slack conductors

Hence

N = 1/(100000 x 4) + 1/(2 x 2.59E+10 x 0.000766550) 1/N

= 2.53.E-06 1/N

i. Stress factor ζ of the main conductor

2
z = ( ngn msc ' l ) IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:28
annexure-II Aattched
24 f 3N
st
= (2 x 9.81 x 2.566 x 4)^2 / (24 x 1962.000^3 x 2.5E-06)

= 0.089

j. Swing-out angle at the end of the short-circuit current flow

δk =
[ (
δ 1 1−cos

2 δ1
Tk1
T res
×3600
)] For 0 ≤ Tk1/Tres ≤ 0.5

For Tk1/Tres > 0.5

IEC - 865 (Pg No:41) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:29
annexure-II Aattched

where
Tk1 = Duration of first short-circuit current flow

= 0.4T (Minimum(0.4T,1))

= 0.163 s
Tk1/Tres = 0.163/0.351
= 0.463 ≤ 0.5

Hence
δk = 46.651{1 – COS(360° x 0.163/0.351)} °

= 92.033 °

k. Quantity for maximum swing-out angle

χ = 1 – r sinδk For 0 ≤ δk ≤ 90° IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:30
annexure-II Aattched

1–r For δk > 90°

δk = 92.0326 °> 90°

Hence
χ = 1 – 1.059

= -0.059
l. Maximum swing-out angle
δm = 1.25 arccosχ For 0.766 ≤ χ ≤ 1 (i) IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:31
annexure-II Aattched
10° + arccosχ For – 0.985 ≤ χ ≤ 0.766 (ii)

180° For χ < – 0.985 (iii) Step - 3: Che

χ = -0.059 then Condition (ii)

Hence
δm = 103.403 ° Step - 4: Che

3.2 Tensile force during short-circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force)
a. Load parameter φ
T res
φ = 3 ( √ 1+r 2 −1 ) For T k 1≥ IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) Cl:2.3.2.2 Eq:32
annexure-II Aattched
4
T res
3(rsinδk + cosδk – 1) For T k1<
4
Tk1/Tres = 0.163/0.351

= 0.46 ³ 0.25

Hence

φ = 3{√(1 + 1.05936^2) – 1}

= 1.370

b. Load parameter Ψ
The factor Ψ is a function of ζ and φ – it can be calculated as a real solution of the equation:

ϕ2Ψ3 + ϕ(2 + ζ)Ψ2 + (1 + 2ζ)Ψ – ζ(2 + ϕ) = 0 IEC - 865 (Pg No:43) Cl:2.3.2.2 Eq:33 1.8779
annexure-II Aattched

Solving the above equation for Ψ (0 ≤ Ψ ≤ 1) 2.8622

Ψ = 0.173 1.1772
Substituting the value of Ψ in the above equation, - 0.2986

= 1.370^2×0.173^3+1.370(2+0.089)×0.173^2+(1+2×0.089)×0.173–0.089×(2+1.370)

= 0.000 Step - 5: Do

c. Tensile force Ft during short circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force)
Ft = Fst(1 + φΨ) For n = 1, single conductor IEC - 865 (Pg No:43)Cl:2.3.2.2 Eq:34
annexure-II Aattched

1.1 Fst(1 + φΨ) For n ≥ 2, bundled conductor

n = 2 Nos.
Hence
Ft = 1.1 x 1962.000 (1 + 1.370 x 0.173) N
Ft = 2669.295 N (1a)

272.099 kg
 3.3 Tensile force Ff after short circuit caused by drop (drop force)
This is significant for r > 0.6 if δm ≥ 70°

r = 1.05936
δm = 103.40 °
Ff

Ff
=

=
√
1. 2 F st 1+8 ζ
δm
1800
1.2 × 1962.000 x √(1 + 8 × 0.089 x 103.40/180°)
IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.3 Eq:35
annexure-II Aattched

Ff = 2792.891 N (1b)

= 284.698 kg

7.3 3.4 Maximum Horizontal span displacement (b h) and minimum air clearance(amin)

a. Elastic expansion (εela)

εela = N (Ft - Fst) IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:36
annexure-II Aattched

= 2.53E-6 *(2669 - 1962)

= 1.79E-03

b. Thermal Expansion (εth)

Material constant (Cth ) is 0.27*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel > 6

0.17*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel < 6

0.088*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Copper

Cth = 2.70E-19 m4/A2s

Thermal Expansion εth =

I k3 } over { ital nA rSub { size 8{s} } } } right ] rSup { size 8{2} } T rSub { size 8{ ital res} } /4} {
¿
for Tk1 ≥ Tres/4 IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:37
¿ annexure-II Aattched
cth ¿
¿
k3} } } over { ital nA rSub { size 8{s} } } } right ] rSup { size 8{2} } T rSub { size 8{k1} } } {
¿ for Tk1 ≥ Tres/4
I¿
¿
¿
c th ¿
¿
= 0.27E-18*(40000/(2*0.0007666))²*0.35/4

εth = 1.61E-05

c. Dilation Factor (CD)

CD

√
= 2

[ ]
3 l IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:38
1+ ( ε els + ε th ) annexure-II Aattched
8 bc
= √(1+3/8*(4/0.05)²*(1.79E-03+1.61E-05))
CD = 2.26

d. Form factor (CF)

CF = 1.05 for r < 0.8 IEC - 865 (Pg No:45)Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:39
0.97+0.1r for 0.8 < r < 1.8 annexure-II Aattched

1.15 for r > 1.8

= 0.97+ 0.1*1.0594

CF = 1.076
e. Maximum Horizontal span displacement ( bh)

For slack conductors bh = CF CD bc for δm > 90o IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.2.4
CF CD bc sin δm for δm < 90o Eq:40,41 annexure-II Aattched

For strained Conductors bh = CF CD bc sin δ1 b h for δm > δ1

CF CD bc sin δm for δm < δ1

= 1.08*2.26*0.0513(sin(46.65))
bh = 0.09 m

f. Minimum air clearance (amin)

amin = a - 2bh IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.2.4 Eq:42

annexure-II Aattched

= 4.5- 2*0.09
amin = 4.32 m

4 Tensile Force Fpi caused by pinch effect

4.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters
a. Sub-conductors are considered to clash effectively if either one of following equations are fulfilled

as/ds ≤ 2 and ls ≥ 50 as IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:43

annexure-II Aattched

as/ds ≤ 2.5 and ls ≥ 70 as

where IEC - 865 (Pg No:47) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:44

as = Distance between sub-conductors annexure-II Aattched

= 0.250 m
ls = Distance between two adjacent spacers

= 0.900 m
ds = Diameter of flexible conductor
= 0.036 m
Hence
as/ds = 0.250/0.036

= 6.944
ls/as = 0.900/0.250

= 3.600

So, sub-conductors shall not clash effectively during short-circuit and Tensile Force caused by pinch effect shall be calculated
following the below steps:

b. Factor k for peak short-circuit current

K =
1. 02+0 . 98 exp
−3 ( Rx ) Refer IEC-60909-0 Page 101 Cl:4.3.1.1 annexure-II Attached

Ta = X 1
Refer IEEE-605-1998 Page 17 Cl:10.2 annexure-II Attached

Where
R
2 πf
Ta = 0.06 s Refer IEC -62271-100 Page 71 annexure-II Aattched

R 1
=
X Ta× 2 πf
 = 1 / (0.06 x 2 π x 50)

= 0.053

K = 1.02 + (0.98(exp ^ -3 x 0.053))

K = 1.86

c. Time constant of network t

1
t = For k ≥ 1.1 and if k < 1.1, then k = 1.1

[ − 2π
f
3
× ln
( k −1. 02 )
( 0 . 98 ) { }] IEC - 865 (Pg No:109) Cl:A.6 Fig:8 annexure-II
Aattched

= 1 / [–(2 x π x 50/3) x ln {(1.856 – 1.02) / 0.98}]

= 0.060 s

d. Factor γ
γ = tan-1(2πft) IEC - 865 (Pg No:109) Cl:A.6 Fig:8 annexure-II
Aattched

= ARCTAN(2 x π x 50 x 0.06000)

= 1.518

e. Factor v1 I k 3 } over {n} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } { {n - 1} over {a rSub { size 8{s} } } } } } } } { IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:46
¿
¿ annexure-II Aattched
μ0
¿
v1 =
2π
(a s −d s ) msc '
¿
¿
1
f √¿
180 0
sin
n
¿

= 50 × {1/SIN(180°/2)} × √[{(0.25–0.036) × 2.566}/{2E-7 × (40000/2)^2 × (2–1)/0.25}]

= 2.071

g. Factor v2
= 2.100 As per IEC - 865, From Fig 8, k=1.86, (Pg No:87)

h. Factor v3 As per IEC - 865 (Pg No:111)

v3 =
d s / as √ ( a s /d s ) −1
180 0 tan −1 √ ( as / d s )−1
sin ( ) n
= (0.036/0.25)/SIN(180°/2) x √(0.25/0.036–1)/ATAN{√(0.25/0.036–1)}

= 0.297

i. Short-circuit current force, Fv

I k3 } over {n} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } { {l rSub { size 8{s} } } over {a rSub { size 8{s} } } } { {v rSub { size 8{2} } } over {v rSub { size 8{3} } } } } {
Fv = ¿
¿ IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:45
μ
(n−1) 0 ¿ annexure-II Aattched
2π
¿
= (2 – 1) x 2E-7 x (40000/2)^2 x (0.9/0.25) x (2.10000/0.29714)

= 2035.415 N

j. Strain factor of the bundle contraction, εst & εpi

F st l 2 N 2
= 1800
εst
1. 5
( a s−d s )
s
2 ( sin
n ) IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:47
annexure-II Aattched

= 1.5 x 1962.000×0.9^2×2.53E-06/(0.25 – 0.036)^2 x {SIN(180°/2)}^2

= 0.131
 Fv l N 0 3
εpi = 0 . 375 n
s3

( as − d s )
3
sin (180
n ) IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:48
annexure-II Aattched

= 0.375 x 2 x 2035.415×0.9^3×2.53E-06/(0.25 – 0.036)^3 x {SIN(180°/2)}^3

= 0.287

k. Parameter determining the bundle conductor configuration during short-circuit current flow, j

√
j = ε pi
IEC - 865 (Pg No:49) Cl:2.3.3.1 Eq:49
1+ ε st annexure-II Aattched

= √{0.28674/(1 + 0.13144)}

= 0.503
j ≥ 1 : The sub-conductors clash.

< 1 : The sub-conductors reduce their distance but do not clash.

Calculation of tensile force caused by pinching effect for non-clashing sub-conductor:
IEC - 865 (Pg No:95) fig no:11b
l. η = 0.310 From Figure 11b - IEC60865-1(approx) annexure-II Aattched

for j = 0.503
& εst = 0.131 ≈ 2^-1

ve 2
m. Fpi

where
= F st 1+
( ε st
η
) IEC - 865 (Pg No:51) Cl:2.3.3.3 Eq:54
annexure-II Aattched

ve = 1/2 + √ (A1 A2 A3) - 1/4 IEC - 865 (Pg No:51) Cl:2.3.3.2 Eq:52
annexure-II Aattched
I k 3 } over {n} } right ) rSup { size 8{2} } N} {
A1 = ¿
¿
9 μ
n ( n−1 ) 0 ¿
8 2π
¿
= 0.0004545349 0 4

ls 4 ( sin
180
)
A2 =

=
v2
(
71135.67613
a s −d s ) η4
n

A3 =
tan−1 √ v 4
1−
v4
= 0.100
v4 = a s −d s
η
as −η ( as − d s )
= 0.361
Hence
ve = 2.223

Now,the tensile force due to pinch effect can be calculated by

Fpi = 5151 N

CONCLUSION
Design load for structures, insulators and connectors

The maximum value of Ft or Ff of flexible conductor spans shall be applied to the structure, the insulators and the connectors as
as static load.
Maximum of Ft , Ff , Fpi (if applicable):

= Maximum of (2669.295 N,2792.891 N, 5151.166 N) = 5151.17 N

= 0.525 Tonne
NEAR MAIN BUS (TRANSFORMER BAY)
Step - 1: Input

Mink Wolf anther Zebra ose

Mass per unit length of one subconductor = 0.255 0.727 0.976 1.623 2 kg/m

Cross-section of one sub-conductor = 73.64 194.94 ### 484.5 597 mm2

Young's Modulus = ### ### ### ### ### Kg./Cm2

= ### ### ### ### ### N/m2

Diameter = 10.98 18.13 21 28.62 32 mm

#REF!
Step - 2: Check/revise formula of lc according to conductor SLACK/STRINGED

for slack conductor, lc = l for stringed conductor, lc = l-2li

0.45 for half of girder of the particular considered bus width

Strained
Step - 3: Check condition for c.

Step - 4: Check value of dm.

1.8779

2.8622
1.1772
0.2986

Step - 5: Do goal seek

Step - 6: Tensile Force, Ft.

Step - 7: Drop Force, Ff.
 0.25

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

0.033 0.027 0.125 0.278 0.35 0.565

2.302 2.302 2.302 2.302 2.302 2.542 3.412 3.237 3.091

est 1000 1500

epi 2000 2500 3000 4000 5000 6000
0.02 0.1 0.27 0.37 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.47

3.673 3.673 3.673 3.673 4.148 4.035 3.939 3.673

0.131 0.287 2.137 x value using cubic equation

A1 0.00045

V4 5.944

A3 0.515
A2 31.5131

Ve Err:502

Fpi Err:502

Err:502
Err:502
F605: Note:
Check the value of j to decide further steps either as per §2.3.3.2 or §2.3.3.3 of IEC 865-1

N97: vtn:
0.27*10-18 m4/A2s for Aluminium alloy & Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel > 6
0.17*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Aluminium/Steel < 6
0.088*10-18 m4/A2s for Cross section area of Copper

N103: Note:
For string bus insulator string length shall be entered.
For equipment connection, this shall be zero.

X621: est

Z621: epi
 NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD.,
T & D Division
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

DOC. NO: BUJ/S/7300/BUJ/DD/ESO

PROJECT 220kV BUJAGALI SUBSTATION EXTENSION
/0007

TITLE SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION Date : 06-06-2018 Revision : 0

SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION FOR JUMPER - 10 m

CALCULATION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE FOR JUMPER

Input Data

System Voltage = 220 kV (As per Spec.)

Three Phase initial symmetrical Short circuit Current I"k3 = 40.0 kA (As per Spec.)

Duration of first short-circuit current flow t = 3 Sec (As per Spec.)

Length of Jumper (Maximum length considered) LT = 10.0 m As per 220kV Switchyard plan

Center line distance between conductors at one end a1 = 4.5 m As per 220kV Switchyard plan

Center line distance between conductors at another end a2 = 4.5 m As per 220kV Switchyard plan

Conductor Data

Conductor Type = T ACSR

Number of sub-conductor per phase = 2 Nos.

Electromagnetic forces and characteristic parameters:

The Electromagnetic force per unit length a = (a1+a2) /2

= 4.5 m

Electromagnetic Force / per metre length Fm3 = μ0 x 0.75 x (I"K3)2 x L Where, L=1m - Assumed for
2π x a typical calculation
IEC - 865 (Pg No:39) cl:2.3.2.1 Eq:19 annexure-II Aattched
= 53 N/m

Total Lateral force due to Electromagnetic force SCF = Fm3 x LT

= 533 N

= 0.533 KN

= 54.4 kg
SINGHAL ENTERPRISES PVT. LTD
 NATIONAL CONTRACTING CO. LTD.,
T & D Division
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
DOC. NO: BUJ/S/7300/BUJ/DD/ESO
PROJECT: 220kV BUJAGALI SUBSTATION EXTENSION
/0007

TITLE: SHORT CIRCUIT FORCE CALCULATION Date : 06-06-2018 Revision : 0

SCF - SUMMARY OF THE FLEXIBLE CONDUCTOR OF STRUNG BUS

Parameters Strung bus

Span in m 30.5

Phase to Phase spacing in metres 4.5

Type of conductors - AAC T

No. of sub-conductor 2

Initial tension per phase in tonnes 1.00

Tensile Force by swing out in kN 23.4

Tensile Force by swing out in tonnes 2.39

Drop Force in kN 25.3

Drop Force in tonnes 2.58

Tensile Force by pinch effect in kN 32.73

Tensile Force by pinch effect in tonnes 3.34

SCF - SUMMARY OF THE LOADING EQUIPMENTS IN "T" ACSR CONDUCTOR - LINE FEEDER

SCF due to SCF due

Equipments with Span of conductor in m to Jumper SCF due to SCF due SCF on the SCF on the
conductor (KN) to
S.No Phase - Phase spacing (KN) conductor Equipment Equipment
Jumper
of 4.5mtrs (KN) (KN) (Kg)
(KN)
LHS RHS Jumpers LHS RHS Jumpers

1 LA 0.0 4.00 0.0 0.00 5.15 0.00 2.58 0.00 2.58 262.55

2 CT 4.0 3.00 0.0 5.15 5.15 0.00 5.15 0.00 5.15 525.09

Disconnecting switch
3 4.0 4.00 0.0 5.15 5.15 0.00 5.15 0.00 5.15 525.09
(with ES)

Disconnecting switch
4 6.0 3.00 7.5 5.08 5.15 0.40 5.11 0.40 5.51 562.04
(with ES) busbar side

Disconnecting switch
5 without ES (busbar 3.0 6.00 7.5 5.15 5.08 0.40 5.11 0.40 5.51 562.04
side)

6 CB 3.0 0.0 10.0 5.15 0.00 0.53 2.58 0.53 3.11 316.91

7 CVT 3.0 4.0 0.0 5.15 5.15 0.00 5.15 0.00 5.15 525.09

8 BPI 0.0 6.0 10.0 5.15 0.00 0.53 2.58 0.53 3.11 316.91