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SETS ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. The shaded region in the given figure is :
(a) A ∩ ( B ∪ C )
A
(b) A ∪ ( B ∩ C )
(c) A ∩ ( B − C ) C B
(d) A − ( B ∪ C )
2. Let A and B be two sets, such that A ∪ B = A . Then, A ∩ B is equal to :
(a) φ (b) B (c) A (d) None of these

3. Let U be the universal set and A ∪ B ∪ C = U . Then, {( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A)}′ is equal to :

(a) A ∪ B ∪ C (b) A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) (c) A ∩ B ∩ C (d) A ∩ ( B ∪ C )
4. If A, B and C are any three sets, then A − ( B ∪ C ) is equal to :
(a) ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C ) (b) ( A − B ) ∩ ( A − C ) (c) ( A − B) ∪ C (d) ( A − B ) ∩ C
5. The shaded region in the figure represents :
(a) A ∩ B
U
(b) A ∪ B
(c) B − A A B
(d) ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A )
6. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total number of subsets of the first set is 48 more than the
total number of subsets of the second set. The value of m and n are :
(a) 7, 6 (b) 6,3 (c) 6, 4 (d) 7, 4
7. Two finite sets A and B have m and n elements respectively. If the total number of subsets of A is
112 more than the total number of subsets of B , then the value of m is :
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 12
8. For any two sets A and B , if A ∩ X = B ∩ X = φ and A ∪ X = B ∪ X for some set X , then :
(a) A − B = A ∩ B (b) A = B (c) B − A = A ∩ B (d) none of these
9. For any two sets A and B , A − ( A − B ) equals :
(a) B (b) A − B (c) A ∩ B (d) AC ∩ B C
10. If A, B and C are non-empty sets, then ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) equals
(a) ( A ∪ B ) − B (b) A − ( A ∩ B ) (c) ( A ∪ B) − ( A ∩ B) (d) ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∪ B )

11. Let A and B be two sets, then ( A ∪ B )′ ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) is equal to :

(a) A′ (b) A (c) B′ (d) none of these
12. Let A and B be two non-empty subsets of a set X such that A is not a subset of B, then :
(a) A is always a subset of the complement of B (b) B is always a subset of A
(c) A and B are always disjoint (d) A and the complement of B are always non-disjoint

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13. Let N be the set of non-negative integers, I be the set of integers, N p the set of non-positive
integers, E the set of even integers and P the set of prime natural numbers. Then
(a) I − P = N p (b) N ∩ N P = φ (c) E ∩ P = φ (d) N ∆Ν p = I − {0}
14. Which of the following is true?
(a) A ∩ φ = A (b) A ∩ φ = φ (c) A ∩ φ = U (d) A ∩ φ = A′
15. If A = { x, y} , then the power set of A is :

(a) { x y , y x } (b) {φ , x, y} (c) {φ , { x} , {2 y}} (d) {φ , { x} , { y} , { x, y}}

16. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} , B = {2, 4, 6} . Then, the number of sets C such that A ∩ B ⊆ C ⊆ A ∪ B is :
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 10
17. Let A = { x : x is a multiple of 3} and B = { x : x is a multiple of 5}. Then, A ∩ B is given by :
(a) {3, 6, 9, ...} (b) {5, 10, 15, 20, ...} (c) {15, 30, 45, ...} (d) none of these
18. Write down the power set of the set {0} :

(a) φ (b) {0} (c) {φ ] (d) {φ , {0}}

19. Find the power set of A = {{a, b} , c} :

{
(a) {φ , {a, b} , {c} , A} (b) A, {{a, b}} , {c} } {
(c) φ , A, {{a, b}} , {c} } (d) None of these
20. Which of the following pairs of sets are comparable?
(a) A = {1, 3, 5} and B = {3, 2, 5, 6} (b) A = { x : x ∈ N and x ≤ 10} and B = {1, 2, 3, ..., 10, 11}
(c) A = {1, 2, 3, {4, 5}} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (d) none of these
21. Write down the power set of C = {1, {2}} :

{
(a) φ , {1} , {{2}} } { } { }
(b) φ , {1} , {{2}} , {1, {2}} (c) {1} , {{2}} , {1{2}} (d)none of these
22. Let A and B be two sets, such that A ∪ B = A. Then A ∩ B is equal to :
(a) φ (b) B (c) A (d) none of these
23. If φ denotes the null set, then

{
(a) φ ∈ {φ }, {φ , {φ }} } { }
(b) {φ } ⊆ φ , {φ }, {φ , {φ }} {{ }}
(c) {φ , {φ }} ⊆ φ , {φ , {φ }} (d) none of these
24. For three sets A, B, C
(a) A ∪ B = A ∪ C ⇒ B = C (b) A ∩ B = φ ⇒ A = φ or B = φ
(c) A ∪ B = A ∩ B ⇒ B = A (d) none of these holds
25. Which of the following statements is correct ?
(a) there exists a set X such that its power set P ( X ) contains 10 elements
(b) for three sets A, B, C , A \ B = A \ C ⇒ B = C (c) {φ } is s subset of every set
(d) There exist set A, B such that A ∈ B and A ⊆ B both are true
26. For two sets A, B
(a) p ( A ) ∪ p ( B ) = p ( A ∪ B ) (b) p ( A ) ∩ p ( B ) = p ( A ∩ B )
(c) A ∪ B = A ⇒ B = φ (d) none of these necessarily happens
27. If A = {1, 2,5}, B = {2, 4}, C = {1,5,7} then
(a) A \ ( B ∪ C ) = ( A \ B ) ∪ ( A \ C ) (b) A ∩ ( B ∪ C ) = A

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 3
(c) A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) = C (d) none of these
28. For two subsets A, B of a set X
(a) A ∪ B = X ⇒ A = B ' (b) A ∪ B = X ⇔ A '∩ B ' = φ
(c) ( A × B ) ' = A '× B ' (d) A ∪ B = B ⇒ A = φ
29. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) For two arbitrary sets A, B, P ( A) ∩ P ( B ) may be φ { }
(b) φ ∈ 0, {φ , {φ }}
(c) Let A ⊆ U . then A ∩ B = B for all subsets B of U only if A = B
(d) let A ⊆ U . , then A ∪ B = B fro all subsets B of U only if A = φ
30. Which of the following is not a necessary and sufficient condition for a set A to be a subset of a set
B?
(a) A ∩ B ' = φ (b) A '∩ B = φ (c) B ' ⊆ A ' (d) A ∪ B = B
31. In a community of 175 persons, 40 read the Times, 50 read the Samachar and 100 do not read any.
How many persons read both the papers?
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25
32. The shaded region in the given Venn diagram represents?
A B
(a) A ∪ ( B ∪ C )
(b) A ∪ ( B ∩ C )
(c) A ∩ ( B ∪ C )
(d) none of these
C
33. If n ( A ) = 3 and n ( B ) = 6 and A ⊆ B then the number of elements in ( A ∪ B ) is equal to :
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) none of these
34. If n ( A ) = 3 and n ( B ) = 6 and A ⊆ B, then the number of element in ( A ∩ B ) is equal to :
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) none of these
35. If A = {φ , {φ}} , then power set of A is :

(a) A (b) {φ , {φ } , A} { }
(c) φ , {φ } , {{φ }} , A (d) none of these
36. In rule method the null set is represented by :
(a) {} (b) φ (c) { x : x = x} (d) { x : x ≠ x}
37. If A ∩ B = B , then :
(a) A ⊆ B (b) B ⊆ A (c) A = φ (b) B = φ
38. If A = [ x : x is a natural number multiple of 3] and B = [ x : x is a natural number multiple of 5] , then
A − B is ( A means complement of A ) :
(a) A ∩ B (b) A ∩ B (c) A ∩ B (d) A ∩ B
39. If A and B are two sets, then A ∩ ( A ∪ B ) equals :
(a) A (b) B (c) φ (d) none of these

40. If X and Y are two sets, then X ∩ (Y ∪ X )′ equals :

(a) X (b) Y (c) φ (d) none of these
41. If A ∩ B = φ , then A ∪ B′ is :
(a) A (b) B (c) U − B (d) φ

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4 ( BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
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42. The shaded portion in the given Venn diagram represents :
(a) A ∪ ( B ∪ C )
A B
(b) A ∪ ( B ∩ C )
(c) ( A ∩ B ) ∩ C
(d) ( A ∩ B ) ∪ C C
43. If n (U ) = 700, n ( A ) = 200, n ( B ) = 240, n ( A ∩ B ) = 100, then n ( A′ ∪ B′ ) is equal to :
(a) 260 (b) 560 (c) 360 (d) 600
44. Which one of the following statements is correct? The power set of the null set is :
(a) null set (b) a singleton set
(c) a finite set with two or more elements (d) {a k : a ∈ R, k ∈ N }

45. If A and B are any two sets, then A ∪ ( A ∩ B ) is equal to :

(a) A (b) B (c) Ac (d) B c
46. If A, B and C are non-empty sets, then ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) equals :
(a) ( A ∪ B ) − B (b) A − ( A ∩ B ) (c) ( A ∪ B) − ( A ∩ B) (d) ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∪ B )
47. Let A and B be two non-empty subsets of a set X such that A is not a subset of B, then :
(a) A is always a subset of the complement of B
(b) B is always a subset of A (c) A and B are always disjoint
(d) A and the complement of B are always non-disjoint
48. Which one of following statements is correct ?
(a) {1, 2} ∈ {1, 2, {1, 2,3}} (b) {1, 2} ⊆ {1, 2, {1, 2, 3}} (c) {1, 2, 3} ⊆ {1, 2, {1, 2, 3}} (d) 3 ∈ {1, 2, {1, 2, 3}}
49. If for three sets A, B, C , A ∩ C = B ∩ C and A ∩ C ' = B ∩ C ' (where C ' denotes the complement of
C ), then
(a) A = B (b) B = C (c) A = C (d) none of these
50. If for any two sets A and B, n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A ) − n ( B ) then
(a) B ⊆ A (b) B = A (c) B = φ (d) none of these
51. If p.N = { p.n : n ∈ N } and if α N ∩ β N = γ N , where α , β ∈ N are relatively prime then
(a) γ = αβ (b) α = γβ (c) β = αγ (d) none of these
52. Given n (U ) = 20, n ( A ) = 12, n ( B ) = 9, n ( A ∩ B ) = 4, where U is the universal set, A and B are

(
subsets of U , then n ( A ∪ B )
c
)=
(a) 17 (b) 9 (c) 11 (d) 3
53. If A, B and C are three sets such that A ∩ B = A ∩ C and A ∪ B = A ∪ C , then :
(a) A ∩ B = φ (b) A = B (c) A = C (d) B = C

54. If A and B are two sets, then A ∩ ( A ∪ B )′ is equal to :

(a) A (b) B (c) φ (d) none of these
55. If A = {a, b} . B = {c, d } . C = {d , e} , then {( a, c ) , ( a, d ) , ( a, e ) , ( b, c ) , ( b, d ) , ( b, e )} is equal to :
(a) A ∩ ( B ∪ C ) (b) A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) (c) A × ( B ∪ C ) (d) A × ( B ∩ C )
56. Given n (U ) = 20, n ( A ) = 12, n ( B ) = 9, n ( A ∩ B ) = 4 where U is universal set. A and B are subsets

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 5

of U then n ( A ∪ B )  =
c
 
(a) 17 (b) 9 (c) 11 (d) 3
57. A − B = φ if and only if :
(a) A = B (b) A ⊆ B (c) B ⊆ A (d) A ∩ B = φ
58. A − B = A if and only if :
(a) A = B (b) A ⊆ B (c) B ⊆ A (d) A ∩ B = φ
59. A ∪ B = A if and only if :
(a) A = B (b) A ⊆ B (c) B ⊆ A (d) A ∩ B = φ
60. A ∩ B = A if and only if :
(a) A = B (b) A ⊆ B (c) B ⊆ A (d) A ∩ B = φ
61. In a survey of brand preference for toothpastes, 82% of the population (number of people covered for
survey) liked at least one of brands : I, II and III. 40% of those asked liked brand I, 25% liked brand II
and 35% liked brand III. If 5% of those asked, showed liking for all the three brands, then what
percentage of those asked liked more than one of the three brands?
(a) 13 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 5
62. One hundred twenty-five (125) aliens descended on a set of film as Extra Terrestrial Beings. 40 had
two noses, 30 had three legs, 20 had four ears, 10 had two noses and three legs, 12 had three legs and
four ears, 5 had two noses and four ears and 3 had all the three unusual features. How many were there
without any of these unusual features?
(a) 5 (b) 35 (c) 80 (d) 59

63. If X and Y are two sets, then X ∩ (Y ∪ X )′ equals :

(a) X (b) Y (c) φ (d) none

64. For any two sets A and B , ( A ∪ B )′ ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) =

(a) A′ (b) A (c) B′ (d) none
65. Let A, B, C be finite sets. It is given that n ( A ) = 20, n ( B ) = 15, n ( C ) = 12, n ( A ∩ B ) = 7,
n ( A ∩ C ) = 9 and n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = p . Then :
(a) 23 ≤ p ≤ 31 (b) 28 ≤ p ≤ 31 (c) p = 31 (d) none of these
66. An investigator interviewed 100 students to determine their preferences for the three drinks, Milk
( M ) , Coffee ( C ) and Tea (T ) . He reported the following : n ( M ∩ C ∩ T ) = 10, n ( M ∩ C ) = 20,
n ( C ∩ T ) = 30, n ( M ∩ T ) = 25 , n (only M ) = 12, n (only C ) = 5 n (only T ) = 8 . Then number of
correct statements from the following is :

(i) n ( M ) = 47 (b) n ( C ) = 45 (iii) n (T ) = 53 (iv) n ( M ∪ C ∪ T )′ = 20

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
If A and B are two given sets, then A ∩ ( A ∩ B ) is equal to
c
67.
(a) A (b) B (c) φ (d) A ∩ B c
68. If A, B and C are any three sets, then A − ( B ∩ C ) is equal to :
(a) ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C ) (b) ( A − B ) ∩ ( A − C ) (c) ( A − B) ∪ C (d) ( A − B ) ∩ C
69. Three sets A, B, C are such that A = B ∩ C and B = C ∩ A, then :
(a) A ⊂ B (b) A ⊃ B (c) A = B (d) A ⊂ B′
70. Which of the following has only one subset?

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6 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
(a) {} (b) {4} (c) {4, 5} (d) {0}
71. If n ( A ) = 115, n ( B ) = 326, n ( A − B ) = 47 , then n ( A ∪ B ) is equal to :
(a) 373 (b) 165 (c) 370 (d) none of these
72. If A ⊆ B , then B′ − A′ is equal to :
(a) A′ (b) B′ (c) A − B (d) φ
73. Let X be the universal set for sets A and B . If n ( A ) = 200 , n ( B ) = 300 and n ( A ∩ B ) = 100 , then
n ( A′ ∩ B′ ) is equal to 300 provided n ( X ) is equal to :
(a) 600 (b) 700 (c) 800 (d) 900
74. In the following correct statement is :
(a) φ ∈ φ (b) φ ∈ {φ } (c) {φ} ∈ {φ} (d) 0 ∈ φ
75. For any sets A, B, C correct statement is :
(a) If A ∈ B and B ⊂ C , then A ∈ C (b) If A ∈ B and B ⊂ C , then A ⊂ C
(c) If A ⊂ C and B ∈ C , then A ∈ C (d) If A ⊂ B and B ∈ C , then A ∩ C
76. If A, B, C are non-void subsets of a set X such that A ∪ B = B ∩ C . Then which one of the strongest
inference that can be derived?
(a) A = B ⊂ C (b) A ⊂ B ⊂ C (c) A = B = C (d) A ⊂ B = C
77. If A ⊆ B, then :
(a) A′ ⊆ B′ (b) B′ ⊆ A′ (c) B′ ∩ A′ = φ (d) B′ ∪ A′ = B′

78. If A and B be any two sets, then A ∩ ( A ∪ B )′ is equal to :

(a) A (b) B (c) φ (d) none of these
79. If n ( A ) = 115, n ( B ) = 326, n ( A − B ) = 47, then n ( A ∪ B ) is equal to :
(a) 373 (b) 165 (c) 370 (d) none of these
80. Which of the following is not correct?
(a) A ⊆ A′ if and only if A = φ (b) A′ ⊆ A if and only if A = X , where X is the universal set
(c) If A ∪ B = A ∪ C then B = C
(d) B = C if and only if A ∪ B = A ∪ C and A ∩ B = A ∩ C
81. If for two sets A and B, A ∪ B = A ∩ B = A, then we have :
(a) A − B ≠ φ (b) B − A ≠ φ (c) A = B (d) none of these
82. The shaded part in Venn diagram represents :
(a) A ∩ B, where B ⊂ A
(b) A and B are disjoint sets B
(c) A ∪ B (d) none of these
A
83. The Venn diagram gives the following information :
U
C
A B

(a) A and B are not disjoint but A, B and C are subsets of U (b) ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = U
(c) A and B are disjoint, A and B are subsets of C and A, B and C are subsets of U

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 7
(d) U − ( A ∪ B ∪ C )
84. The shaded part in the Venn diagram given above represents :
U
(a) ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) − U
A B
(b) ( A ∪ B ∪ C )

(c) ( A ∩ B ∩ C )′ C
(d) U − ( A ∪ B ∩ C )
85. The shaded part of the Venn diagram represents :
U
(a) ( A ∪ B ) − C
A C
(b) ( A ∪ C ) − B
(c) A′ ∩ C ′ ∩ B′
B
(d) ( A ∪ B ) ∩ C

86. For any two non-empty sets A and B, ( A ∪ B ) '∪ ( A '∩ B ) is equal to
(a) A ' (b) B ' (c) φ (d) A '∪ B '
87. For any two non-empty sets A and B, ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) is equal to
(a) A − ( A ∩ B ) (b) ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∩ B ) (c) B − ( A ∩ B ) (d) φ
88. For any two sets A and B, if ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = φ then
(a) A ⊆ B (b) B ⊆ A (c) A = B (d) none of these
89. If A, B and C are subsets of U then A′ ∪ B′ ∪ C ′ is same as :

(a) ( A ∪ B ) ∪ C ′ (b) ( A ∪ B ) ∩ C ′ (c) ( A ∩ B ∩ C )′ (d) A ∪ B ∩ C

90. If A ∩ B = φ , A ⊂ C and B ⊂ C then A ∪ B ∪ C − A ∩ B ∩ C =
(a) A (b) C (c) B (d) none of these
91. For three events A, B and C , which one of the following is the simple expression of ( A ∩ B) ∩
( A∪ B )∩ ( A
c c
∪ B)?
(a) Ac ∩ B (b) A ∪ B (c) A ∩ B (d) A ∩ B c
92. In a group of 20 adults there are 8 females, 9 literate and 6 female literate. Find the number of male
illiterates in the group.
(a) 15 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12
93. Let A = {1,2,3,.....10} B = {2,3,5, 7} , then the number of subsets C of A such that B∆C = {2} is :
(a) 2 4 (b) 25 (c) 2 4 − 1 (d) none of these
94. Which of the following sets has no proper subset?
(a) A = { x ∈ N : 0 < x ≤ 1} (b) B = {x ∈ Q : 0 < x ≤ 1}
(c) C = { x ∈ N :1 < x < 2} (d) { x ∈ R : x 3 = 1}

95. If for any two non-empty sets A and B, n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) then :

(a) either A ⊆ B or B ⊆ A (b) A = B (c) A ∩ B = φ (d) none of these
If A and B are two given sets, then A ∩ ( A ∩ B ) is equal to :
c
96.

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8 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
(a) A (b) B (c) φ (d) A ∩ B c
97. Which of the following cannot be the number of elements in the power set of any finite set :
(a) 26 (b) 32 (c) 8 (d) 16
98. {
If n (U ) = 100, n ( A ) = 50, n ( B ) = 20 and n ( A ∩ B ) = 10 , then n ( A ∪ B )
c
}:
(a) 60 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 20
99. Three sets A, B, C are such that A = B ∩ C and B = C ∩ A , then :
(a) A ⊂ B (b) A ⊃ B (c) A = B (d) A ⊂ B′
100. If A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17} , B = {2, 4, ..., 18} and N is the universal set, then
A′ ∪ ( ( A ∪ B ) ∩ B′ ) is :
(a) A (b) N (c) B (d) none of these
101. Which of the following are correct ?
(I) A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) (II) A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) (III) A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C )
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I, II and III (d) None of these
102. Suppose A be a non –empty set , then the collection of all possible subsets of set A is power set P(A)
Which of the following is correct ?
(I) P ( A) ∩ P ( B ) = P ( A ∩ B ) (II) P ( A) ∪ P ( B ) = P ( A ∪ B )
(a) Only I is true (b) Only II is true (c) Both I and II are true (d) Both I and II are false
103. A survey shows that 63% of the Americans like cheese whereas 76% like apples. If x% of the
Americans like both cheese and apples, then :
(a) x = 39 (b) x = 63 (c) 39 ≤ x ≤ 63 (d) none of these
 1 
104. If sets A and B are defined as A = ( x, y ) : y = , 0 ≠ x ∈ R  ; B = {( x, y ) : y = − x, x ∈ R} , then :
 x 
(a) A ∩ B = A (b) A ∩ B = B (c) A ∩ B = φ (d) none of these
105. If A = {x : x is a prime number and x ≤ 8}, B = { x : x 2 − 10 x + 24 = 0} and Z be the universal set

′
(
under consideration, then n A '∪ ( ( A ∪ B ) ∩ B ') = )
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) none of these
106. If A = { x : x = 2n + 4; n ∈ N } , B = { x : x = 4n + 3; n ∈ N } and if N be the universal set then
A '∪ ( ( A ∪ B ) ∩ B ' ) is equal to
(a) A (b) (c) φ (d) N
107. From 50 students taking examination in Mathematices physics and Chemistry each of the students has
passed in at least one of the subject 37 passed Mathematices 24 physics and 43 chemistry Atmost 19
passed mathematics and physics atmest 29 mathematics and chamistry atmost 20 physics and
chemistry then the , largest numbers that could have passed all three examinions , are
(a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 16
108. If aN = {ax : x ∈ N }, then the set 3N ∩ 7 N is
(a) 21N (b) 10N (c) 4N (d) none of these
109. If aN = {ax : x ∈ N } and bN ∩ cN = dN , where b, c ∈ N are relatively prime, then :
(a) d = bc (b) c = bd (c) b = cd (d) none of these
110. If aN = {ax : x ∈ N } and bN ∩ cN = dN , where b, c ∈ N , then :
(a) d = bc (b) c = bd (c) b = cd (d) LCM of b and c .
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10
111. If An is the set of first n prime natural numbers, then UA n =
n= 2

(a) {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19} (b) {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
(c) {3, 5} (d) {2, 3}
100
112. Let A1 , A2 , A3 , ..., A100 be 100 sets such that n ( Ai ) = i + 1 and A1 ⊂ A2 ⊂ A3 ⊂ ... ⊂ A100 , then UA i
i =1
contains ……elements :
(a) 99 (b) 100 (c) 101 (d) 102
113. If n ( A ∩ B ) = 10, n ( B ∩ C ) = 20 and n ( A ∩ C ) = 30 , then the greatest possible value of
n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) is :
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) 4
114. If n ( A ∩ B ) = 5, n ( A ∩ C ) = 7 and n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 3 , then the minimum possible value of n ( B ∩ C )
is :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 2
115. A and B are any two non-empty sets and A is proper subset of B . If n ( A ) = 5 ,then find the
minimum possible value of n ( A∆B ) :
(a) is 1 (b) is 5 (c) cannot be determined (d)none of these
116. If A, B and C are three non-empty sets such that any two of them are disjoint, then
( A∪ B ∪C)∩( A∩ B ∩C) =
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) φ
 ( n + 2 ) ( 2n5 + 3n 4 + 4n3 + 5n 2 + 6 ) 
+
117. If A =  p : p = , n, p ∈ Z  , then the number of elements in the set
 n 2 + 2n 
A , is :
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
118. If A, B and C are there sets such that A ⊃ B ⊃ C , then ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) − ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) =
(a) A − B (b) B − C (c) A − C (d) none of these
119. Given n (U ) = 20, n ( A ) = 12, n ( B ) = 9, n ( A ∩ B ) = 4, where U is the universal set, A and B are
subsets of U , then n ( A ∪ B )  equals to :
c
 
(a) 17 (b) 9 (c) 11 (d) 3

120. Let U be the universal set and A ∪ B ∪ C = U . Then, {( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A)}′ is equal to :

(a) A ∪ B ∪ C (b) A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) (c) A ∩ B ∩ C (d) A ∩ ( B ∪ C )
121. If A and B are two sets then ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) is equals to :
(a) A ∪ B (b) A ∩ B (c) A (d) B '
122. Let A and B be two sets then ( A ∪ B )′ ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) is equal to
(a) A ' (b) A (c) B ' (d) none of these
123. Let A = {1, 2} . The number of elements in P ( P ( A ) ) is :
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 32 (d) 64

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10 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
124. If A and B are two sets, then ( A ∪ B′ )′ ∩ ( A′ ∪ B )′ is :
(a) Null set (b) Universal set (c) A′ (d) B′
125. If A and B are two sets then ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) is equal to :
(a) A ∪ B (b) A ∩ B (c) A (d) B′
126. Let A and B be two sets then ( A ∪ B )′ ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) is equal to :
(a) A′ (b) A (c) B′ (d) none of these

127. Let U be the universal set and A ∪ B ∪ C = U . Then {( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A)}′ is equal to :

(a) A ∪ B ∪ C (b) A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) (c) A ∩ B ∩ C (d) A ∩ ( B ∪ C )

128. Let n (U ) = 700, n ( A) = 200, n ( B ) = 300 and n ( A ∩ B ) = 100 then n { Ac ∩ B c } :

(a) 400 (b) 600 (c) 300 (d) 200
129. In a city 20 percent of the population travels by car, 50 percent travels by bus and 10 percent travels by
both car and bus. Then persons traveling by car or bus is :
(a) 80 percent (b) 40 percent (c) 60 percent (d) 70 percent
130. From 50 students taking examinations in subjects A, B and C , 37 passed A, 24 passed B and 43
passed C . At most 19 passed A and B, at most 29 passed A and C and at most 20 passed B and C .
The largest possible number than could have passed all three examinations is :
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) none of these
131. What is the simplified representation of ( A′ ∩ B′ ∩ C ) ∪ ( B ∩ C ) ∪ ( A ∩ C ) , where A, B, C are
subsets of a set X ?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) X ∩ ( A ∪ B ∪ C )
 1 1
132. Which one of the following is the union of the closed mtervals  2 + , 10 −  , n = 1, 2,.......?
 n n
(a) [ 2, 10] (b) ( 2, 10 ) (c) [ 2, 10 ) (d) ( 2, 10]
133. The Venn diagram shown above represents four sets of people who can speak Telugu (T), English (E),
Hindi (H) and Kannada (K). What does the marked region represent?
H E
(a) people who can speak Hindi and Kannada only
T
(b) people who can speak English, Telugu and Kannada only
(c) people who can speak Hindi and English only
(d) people who can speak Hindi, English and Kannada only K

134. Let A and B be two events. Then the occurrence of which of the following is represented by
(A c
∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ Bc ) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) ?
(a) Exactly one of the two events (b) At most two of the events
(c) At least one of the two events (d) None of the two events
135. Let A and B be two non-empty subsets of a set X . If ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = A ∪ B, then which one of
the following is correct?
(a) A ⊂ B (b) A ⊂ ( X − B ) (c) A = B (d) B ⊂ A
136. Which one of the following operations on sets is not correct where B′ denotes the complement of B ?
(a) ( B′ − A′ ) ∪ ( A′ − B′ ) = ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∩ B ) (b) ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = ( A′ ∪ B′ ) − ( A′ ∩ B′ )

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 11
(c) ( B′ − A′ ) ∩ ( A′ − B′ ) = ( B − A) ∩ ( A − B ) (d) ( B′ − A′ ) ∩ ( A′ − B′ ) = ( B − A′ ) ∪ ( A′ − B )
137. Which one of the following is correct?
(a) A ∪ ( B − C ) = A ∩ ( B ∩ C ) (b) A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A ∩ B′ ) ∩ C ′
(c) A − ( B ∩ C ) = ( A ∩ B′ ) ∩ C (d) A ∩ ( B − C ) = ( A ∩ B ) ∩ C
138. Consider the following relations :
(I) A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) (II) A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) (III) A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C )
Which of these is correct ?
(a) I and III (b) I and II (c) Only II (d) II and III
139. For three events A, B and C , which one of the following is the simple expression of
( A ∩ B ) ∩ ( A ∪ B c ) ∩ ( Ac ∪ B ) ?
(a) Ac ∩ B (b) A ∪ B (c) A ∩ B (d) A ∩ B c
140. Consider the following relation :
(1) A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) (2) A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B )
(3) A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C ) Which of these is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
141. Match the following sets in column –I with the equal sets in column –II
Column -I Column –II
A. A ∩ B 1. ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ C )
B. ( A ∩ B) ∩ C 2. A
C. φ ∩ A 3. A ∩ ( B ∩ C )
D. U ∩A 4. B ∩ A
E. A ∩ A 5. φ
F. A ∩ ( B ∪ C )
Codes
A B C D E F A B C D E F
(a) 5 1 4 3 1 2 (b) 3 4 2 1 5 4
(c) 4 3 5 2 2 1 (d) 1 2 3 4 5 2
142.
Column –I Column –II
(A) If A ∪ B = A ∩ B, Then 1. A = B
(B) Let A, B and C be the sets such that A ∪ B = A ∪ C and 2. A ∪ B
A ∩ B = A ∩ C , then 3. A ⊂ B
(C) If P ( A) = P ( B ) , then 4. ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) '

(D) A ∪ ( B − A ) is equal to 5. B = C
6. A '∪ B ∪ C
(E) Let U be the universal set and A ∪ B ∪ C = U . Then
{( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A)} is equal to
(F) The set ( A ∩ B ') '∪ ( B ∪ C ) is equal to
Codes :
A B C D E F A B C D E F

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12 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
(a) 1 2 3 4 5 6 (b) 3 2 1 5 6 4
(c) 2 1 5 4 6 2 (d) 3 5 1 2 4 6
143. For any two sets A and B, ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) ∪ ( A ∩ B )  ' =
(a) A − B′ (b) A′ − B (c) A′ − B′ (d) none of these
144. Which of the following statements is true ?
(a) n ( A) + n ( B ) > n ( A ∪ B ) , for any two finite sets A, B
(b) A ∪ B = A ∪ C ⇒ B = C , for any three sets A, B. C.
(c) {φ } is a subset of every non-empty three sets A, B, C
(d) If A = {a,, e, m, n, t}. B {i, o, u, m, n, t} , X = {x : x a vowel of English alphabet}, then A∆Β = X
145. What does the shaded portion of the Venn diagram given represent?
(a) ( P ∩ Q ) ∩ ( P ∩ R ) P Q
(b) (( P ∩ Q ) − R ) ∪ (( P ∩ R ) − Q )
(c) ( ( P ∪ Q ) − R ) ∩ ( ( P ∩ R ) − Q )
(d) ( ( P ∩ Q ) ∪ R ) ∩ ( ( P ∪ Q ) − R ) R

146. Let A and B be two sets such that n ( A ) = 0.16, n ( B ) = 0.14, n ( A ∪ B ) = 0.25. Then n ( A ∩ B ) is
equal to :
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.05 (d) none of these
147. In a class of 100 students, 55 students have passed in Mathematics and 67 students have passed in
Physics. Then the number of students who have passed in Physics only is :
(a) 22 (b) 33 (c) 10 (d) 45
148. In a group of 1000 people, there are 750 who can speak. Hindi and 400 who can speak Bengali. The
number of persons who can speak Hindi only, can speak Bengali only, can speak both Hindi and
Bengali both are given respectively by …… , ……,……
(a) 600, 250, 150 (b) 600, 150, 250 (c) 600, 100, 200 (d) 600, 200, 100
149. If A, B are two sets, then ( A ∪ B )′ ∩ ( A′ ∪ B )′ is :
(a) null set (b) universal set (c) A′ (d) B′
150. If X and Y are two sets, then X ∩ (Y ∪ X )′ equals :
(a) X (b) Y (c) φ (d) none of these

{
151. The cardinality of the set P P  P (φ )  is }
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
152. 63% students of a class of Arts faculty offered History and 76% offered Sociology. If x% students
offered both subjects, then (suppose that there way be some student who have not offered any of
history or sociology)
(a) x = 39 (b) x = 63 (c) 39 ≤ x ≤ 63 (d) none of these
153. For any two sets A, B; A ∪ B is not equal to :

(a) A ∪ ( B − A ) (b) ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) (c) ( A′ ∩ B′ )′ (d) ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) ∪ ( A ∩ B )

154. For any sets A, B, C false statements is :
(a) A ∩ ( B − C ) = ( A ∩ B ) − ( A ∩ C ) (b) A ∩ ( B ∆ C ) = ( A ∩ B ) ∆ ( A ∩ C )
(c) A ∪ ( B − C ) = ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∪ C ) (d) A − ( B ∩ C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C )

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155. In the following false statement is :
(a) A − B = A ∩ B′ (b) A − B = ( A ∪ B ) − B (c) A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) (d) A − B = A′ − B′
156. Let A and B be two non-void subsets of a set X such that A is not a subset of B . Then :
(a) B is a subset of A (b) A and B are disjoint (c) A is a subset of B′ (d) A and B′ are not disjoint
157. Which of the following sets is equal to ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) ?
(a) ( A ∪ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) (b) ( A ∪ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) (c) ( A ∪ B) − ( A ∩ B) (d) ( A − B ) ∩ ( B − A )
158. Consider the following statements for three sets A, B, C
I. A − B = A − ( A ∩ B) II. A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) III. A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C )
Which of these are correct?
(a) I and II (b) II only (c) II and III (d) I and II
159. In a certain town, 25% families own a phone and 15% own a car, 65% families own neither a phone
nor a car 2000 families own both a car and a phone.
Consider the following statements in this regard
1. 10% families own both a car and a phone. 2. 35% families own either a car or a phone.
3. 40000 families live in the town. Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

160. Let U be the universal set and A ∪ B ∪ C = U . Then {( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A)}′ is equal to :

(a) A ∪ B ∪ C (b) A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) (c) A ∩ B ∩ C (d) A ∩ ( B ∪ C )
161. Sets A and B have 3 and 6 elements respectively. What can be the minimum number of elements in
A∪ B :
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 18
162. 10 teachers of a college either teach mathematics or physics. 6 of them tech mathematics while 2 teach
both the subjects. Then the number of teachers teaching physics only is :
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 8
163. 20 teachers of a school either teach Mathematics or Physics. 12 of them teach Mathematics while 4
teach both the subjects. The number of teachers teaching Physics only is :
(a) 12 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) none of these
164. In a class of 55 students, the number of students studying different subjects are, 23 in Mathematics, 24
in Physics, 19 in chemistry, 12 in Mathematics and Physics, 9 in Mathematics and Chemistry, 7 in
Physics and Chemistry and 4 in all the three subjects. The number of students who have taken exactly
one subject is :
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) none of these
165. Let U be the universal set for sets A and B such that n ( A ) = 200, n ( B ) = 300 and n ( A ∩ B ) = 100 .
Then, n ( A′ ∩ B′ ) is equal to 300, provided that n (U ) is equal to :
(a) 600 (b) 700 (c) 800 (d) 900
166. If A and B are two given sets, then A ∩ ( A ∩ B ) is equal to :
c

(a) A (b) B (c) φ (d) A ∩ B c

167. If E is the universal set and A = B ∪ C , then the set ( E − ( E − ( E − ( E − ( E − A))))) is the same as the
set :
(a) B c ∪ C c (b) B ∪ C (c) B c ∩ C c (d) B ∩ C
168. Consider the following in respect of subset A and B of X :
( A ∪ B)
c
1. A ⊆ B ⇔ A ∪ B = A 2. = Ac ∩ B c

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14 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
3. A / B = B / A 4. A ∪ B = A ∩ B, iff A = B
Which of the these are correct?
(a) (1) and (2) (b) (1) and (4) (c) (2) and (3) (d) (2) and (4)
169. Consider the following statements :
1. All poets ( P ) are learned people ( L ) 2. All learned people ( L ) are happy people ( H )
Which one of the following Venn diagram correctly represents both the above statements taken
together?

H
(a) P L (b) P L (c) P L (d) P LH
H H

170. Let A and B be subsets of X and let C = ( A ∩ B′ ) ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) ; then C is equal to :

(a) ( A ∪ B′ ) / ( A ∩ B′ ) (b) ( A′ ∪ B ) / ( A′ ∩ B ) (c) ( A ∪ B) / ( A ∩ B) (d) ( A′ ∪ B′ ) / ( A′ ∩ B′ )
171. The shaded region in the given Venn diagram represents? A B
(a) A ∪ ( B ∪ C )
(b) A ∪ ( B ∩ C )
(c) ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( B ∩ C ) ∪ ( C ∩ A)
(d) none of these
C
172. In the certain town 25% families own a cell phone, 15% families own a scooter and 65% families own
neither a cell phone nor a scooter. If 1500 families own both a cell phone and a scooter, then the total
number of families is the town is :
(a) 10000 (b) 20000 (c) 30000 (d) 40000
173. Consider the following for any three non-empty sets A, B and C .
1. A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C ) 2. A − B = A − ( A ∩ B )
3. A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) Which of the following is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 and 3
174. What does the shaded region represent in the figure given?
P Q
(a) ( P ∪ Q ) − ( P ∩ Q ) (b) P ∩ ( Q ∩ R )

(c) ( P ∩ Q ) ∩ ( P ∩ R ) (d) ( P ∩ Q ) ∪ ( P ∩ R ) R
175. For non-empty subsets A, B and C of a set X such that A ∪ B = B ∩ C , which one of the following
is the strongest inference that can be derived?
(a) A = B = C (b) A ⊆ B = C (c) A = B ⊆ C (d) A ⊆ B ⊆ C
176. If µ is the universal set and P is a subset of µ, then what is P ∩ {( P − µ )∪( µ − P)} equal to :
(a) φ (b) P′ (c) µ (d) P
177. Consider the following statements : For non-empty sets A, B and C
1. A − ( B − C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ C 2. A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) − C
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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) 15
178. If A and B are two sets satisfying A − B = B − A, then which one of the following is correct?
(a) A = φ (b) A ∩ B = φ (c) A = B (d) none of these
179. If ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = A for subsets A and B of the universal set U , then which one of the following
is correct?
(a) B is proper non-empty subset of A (b) A and B are non-empty disjoint sets
(c) B = φ (d) none of these
180. What does the shaded region in the Venn diagram given represent?
A B
(a) C ∩ ( A′ ∩ B′ ) (b) C ∪ ( C ′ ∩ A ∩ B )

(c) C ∪ ( C ∩ A ) ∪ ( C ∩ B ) (d) C ∪ ( A / B ) C

( A ∩ B)
c
181. ∩ A is equal to :
(a) B (b) A ∩ B (c) A ∪ B (d) A − B
182. If A ⊆ B, then A ∆ B is equal to :
(a) ( A − B ) ∩ ( B − A ) (b) A − B (c) B − A (d) none of these
183. Let n (U ) = 700, n ( A) = 200, n ( B ) = 300 and n ( A ∩ B ) = 100 . Then, n ( Ac ∩ B c ) =
(a) 400 (b) 600 (c) 300 (d) 200
184. For which of the following cases A and B are equivalent?
1 1 3   n 
(a) A = {a, b, c, ...., z} , B = {1, 2, 3, ..., 24} (b) A =  , ,  , B =  x : x = , n∈ N
3 2 5  n+2 
 n3 − 1   7 13 
(c) A = {2, 4, 6} , B = {( 2, 4 ) , ( 4, 6 ) , ( 2, 6 )}
(d) A =  x : x = 3 , n ∈ W , n ≤ 3 , B = 0, , 
 n +1   9 4
185. In a class of 30 pupils, 12 take needle work, 16 take physics and 18 take history. If all the 30 students
take at least one subject and no one takes all three then the number of pupils taking 2 subjects is :
(a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 20
186. In a class of 100 students, 55 students have passed in mathematics and 67 students have passed in
physics then the number of students who have passed in physics only is
(a) 22 (b) 33 (c) 10 (d) 45
187. In a college of 300 students, every student reads five newspapers and every newspaper is reads by 60
students. The number of newspaper is :
(a) Atleast 30 (b) Atmost 20 (c) Exactly 25 (d) None of these
188. In a school out of 60 students of class XI, 15 failed in Mathematics, 25 in physics and 10 in chemistry.
No student failed in exactly two of these subjects, thought 5 students have failed in all the three. Then
the percentage of students who have passed in all the three subjects, is :
100 50
(a) 20% (b) 30% (c) % (d) %
3 3
189. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A , 20% families buy
newspaper B and 10% families buy newspaper C , 5% families buy A and B , 3% buy B and C and
4% buy A and C . If 2% families buy all the three newspapers, then the number of families which buy
A only is :
(a) 3100 (b) 3300 (c) 2900 (d) 1400
190. In the above question, the number of families which buy none of A, B and C is :
(a) 4000 (b) 3300 (c) 4200 (d) 5000

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16 ( )BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
191. Out of 800 boys in a school 224 played cricket, 240 played hockey and 336 played basketball. Of the
total, 64 played both basketball and hockey; 80 played cricket and basketball and 40 played cricket and
hockey; 24 played all the three games. The number of boys who did not play any game is :
(a) 128 (b) 216 (c) 240 (d) 160
192. A class has 175 students. The following data shows the number of students opting one or more
subjects: Mathematics 100, physics 70, chemistry 40, mathematics and physics 30, mathematics and
chemistry 28; physics and chemistry 23; mathematics, physics and chemistry 18. How many students
have opted mathematics alone?
(a) 35 (b) 48 (c) 60 (d) 22
193. An investigator interviewed 100 students to determine the performance of three drinks milk, coffee
and tea. The investigator reported that 10 students take all three drinks milk, coffee and tea; 20
students take milk and coffee, 30 students take coffee and tea, 25 students take milk and tea, 12
students take milk only, 5 students take coffee only and 8 students take tea only. Then, the number of
students who did not take any of the three drinks, is :
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 30
194. On its annual sports day, School awarded 35 medals in athletics, 15 Judo and 18 in swimming. If these
medals goes to a total of 58 students and only three of them got medals in all the three sports. The
number of students who received medals in exactly two of the three sports are :
(a) 9 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7
195. Out of 30 computers of a room, 20 contain window, 8 contain monitors, 25 contain CR drives, 20
contain atleast two from above three components and 6 contain all three components. How many of
these computers contain atleast one component?
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 28
196. In a group of persons travelling in a bus, 6 persons can speak Tamil, 15 can speak Hindi and 5 can
speak Gujrati. In that group, none can speak any other language. If 2 persons in the group can speak
two languages and one persons can speak all the three languages, then how many persons are there in
the group.
(a) 21 (b) 22 (c) 23 (d) 24
197. There are 50 students admitted to a nursery class. Some students can speak only English and some can
speak only Hindi. Ten students who can speak both English and Hindi. If the number of students who
can speak English is 21, then how many students can speak Hindi, how many can speak only Hindi
and how many can speak only English?
(a) 39, 29 and 11 respectively (b) 37, 27 and 13 respectively
(c) 28, 18 and 22 respectively (d) 21, 11 and 29 respectively
198. Out of a total of 120 musician in a club, 5% can play all the three instruments- guitar, violin and flute.
It so happens that the number of musicians who can play any two and only two of the above
instruments is 30. The number of musicians who can play the guitar alone is 40. What is the total
number of those who can play violin alone or flute alone?
(a) 30 (b) 38 (c) 44 (d) 45
199. Let A and B be two sets then ( A ∪ B )′ ∪ ( A ∩ B ) is equal to
(a) A′ (b) A (c) B′ (d) none of these
200. If n ( A) = 8 and n ( A ∩ B ) = 2 , then n ( A ∩ B ) '∩ A is equal to
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 2.
201. What does the shaded potion of the Venn diagram given below represent ?

(a) ( P ∩ Q ) ∩ ( P ∩ R ) (b) (( p ∩ Q ) − R ) ∪ (( P ∩ R ) − Q )

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(c) ( ( p ∪ Q ) − R ) ∩ ( ( P ∩ R ) − Q ) (d) ( ( P ∩ Q ) ∪ R ) ∩ ( ( P ∪ Q ) − R )
202. What does the shaded region represent in the figure given below ?

(a) ( P ∪ Q ) − ( P ∩ Q )
(b) P ∩ ( Q ∩ R )
(c) ( P ∩ Q ) ∩ ( P ∩ R )
(d) ( P ∩ Q ) ∪ ( P ∩ R )

203. Two finite sets have m and n elements ,the total number of subsets of the first set is 56 more than the
total number of subsets of the second set the values of m and n are :
(a) 7,6 (b) 6,3 (c) 5,1 (d) 8,7
204. If A and B are non – empty sets , then P ( A) ∪ P ( B ) is equal to
(a) P ( A ∪ B ) (b) P ( A ∩ B ) (c) P ( A) = P ( B ) (d) None of these
205. Let U be the set of all boys and girls in school , G be the set of all girls in the school , B , be the set
of all boys in the school and S be the set of all students in the schools who take swimming , some but
not all students in the school take swimming ,
U
B G
S
(d)
206. A market research group conducted a survey of 2000 consumers and reported that 1720 consumers like
product p1 and 1450 consumers like product p2 what is the lest number that must have liked both the
products ?
(a) 1150 (b) 2000 (c) 1170 (d) 2500
207. In a town of 10000 families , it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A , 20% families buy
newpaper B and 10 % families buy newspaper C , 5% buy A and B 3% buy B and C and 4% buy A
and C. If 2% families buy all of three newspapers ,then the number of families which buy A only , is
(a) 4400 (b) 3300 (c) 2000 (d) 500
208. Let A, B, C be finite sets suppose that n ( A ) = 10, n ( B ) = 15, n ( C ) = 20, n ( A ∩ B ) = 8 and
n ( B ∩ C ) = 9, then the possible value of n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) is
(a) 26 (b) 27
(c) 28 (d) Any of the three values 26, 27, 28 is possible
209. A market research group conducted a survey of 1000 consumers and reported that 720 consumers liked
product A and 450 consumers likes product B. what is the least number that must have liked both
products ?
(a) 170 (b) 280 (c) 220 (d) None
210. In a class of 55 students, 23 study music, 24 psychology and 19 computers, 12 study music and
psychology, 9 study music and computers, 7 study psychology and computers and 14 study all the 3.
Number of students who have only one of the three subjects is :
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 22
211. For any three sets A1 , A2 , A3 , let B1 = A1 , B2 = A2 − A1 and B3 = A3 − ( A1 ∪ A2 ) , then which one of the
following statements is always true ?
(a) A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3 ⊃ B1 ∪ B2 ∪ B3 (b) A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3 = B1 ∪ B2 ∪ B3

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(c) A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3 ⊂ B1 ∪ B2 ∪ B3 (d) None of these
212. The total number of subsets of a finite set A has 56 more elements than the total number of subsets
of another finite set B. what is the number of elements in the set A ?
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
213. In a class of 60 students , if 25 students play cricket , 20 students play tennis and 10 students play both
the games , then the number of students who play neither is
(a) 45 (b) 0 (c) 25 (d) 35
214. The number of students who take both the subjects Mathematics and Chemistry is 30. This represents
10% of the element in Mathematics and 12% of the enrolment in Chemistry . How many students take
atleast one of these two subjects ?
(a) 520 (b) 490 (c) 560 (d) 480 (e) 540
215. There is a group of 265 persons who like either singing or dancing or painting In this group 200 like
singing , 110 like dancing and 55 like painting If 60 persons like both singing and dancing , 30 like
both singing and painting and 10 like all three activities then the number of persons who like only
dancing and painting is
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 40
216. There are 100 students in a class . In the examination , 50 of them failed in Mathematics , 45 failed in
physics , 40 failed in Biology and 32 failed in exactly two of the three subjects . Only one students
passed in all the subjects then the number of students failing in all the three subjects
(a) is 12 (b) is 4 (c) is 2 (d) Cannot be determined
217. Out of 64 students , the number of students taking Mathematics is 45 and number of students taking
both Mathematics and Biology is 10 then the number of students taking only Biology is
(a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) None of these
218. In a group of 50 people , 35 speak Kannada , and 25 speak both English and Kannada , and all the
people speak at least one of the two languages Then n ( E ) , n(only E), n(only K) and respectively
…….., ……… and ………..
(a) 40, 15, 10 (b) 40, 10, 15 (c) 30, 15, 10 (d) none of these
219. In a survey of 200 students of a school , it was found that 120 study Mathematics , 90 study physics
and 70 study Chemistry , 40 study Mathematics and physics , 30 study physics and chemistry, 50 study
Chemistry and Mathematics and 20 none of these subjects . The number of students who study all the
three subjects is …………..
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) none of these
220. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A , 20% families buy
newspaper B , 10% families buy newspaper C 5% families buy A and B, 3% buy B and C and 4%
buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the three newspapers
The number of families which buy newspaper A only and The number of families which buy none of
A , B and C are respectively …….. and …….
(a) 3300, 4000 (b) 4000, 3300 (c) 3000, 4000 (d) none
221. If A ∩ B = A ∩ C and A ∪ B = A ∪ C , then
(a) B = C (b) B − C ≠ φ (c) C − B ≠ φ (d) B ∪ C = A
222. In a troop of 20 dancers performing Bharatnatyam and at least one of Kuchipudi , 12 dancers perform
Bharatnatyam and 4 perform both Bharatnayam and Kuchipudi Then the number of dancers
performing Kuchipudi , is
(Note : Each dancer performs Bharatnatyam or Kuchipudi)
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 7
223. A college awarded 38 medals in football , 15 in basketball and 20 in cricket . If these medals went to a
total of 58 men and only three men got medals in all three sports The number of men who received
medals in two exactly two of the three sports ?
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(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) None of these
224. Let A be the set of squares of natural numbers and x, y be any two elements of A. Then
x
(a) x − y ∈ A (b) x + y ∈ A (c) xy ∈ A (d) ∈A
y
225. Number of elements in the set {( a, b ) : 2a 2
+ 3b 2 = 35, a , b ∈ Z } , where Z is the set of all integers, is
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16
226. If S is a set with 10 elements and A = {( x, y ) : x, y ∈ S , x ≠ y}, then the number of elements in A is
(a) 45 (b) 50 (c) 90 (d) 100
227. If A and B are two non-empty sets, then B ∩ ( A ∪ B ) , where X c denotes the complements of X ,
c

is equal to
(a) φ (b) Ac (c) B (d) Ac ∩ B c
228. A survey shows that 63% of the Americans like cheese where as 76% like apples. If x % of the
Americans like both cheese and apples, then
(a) x < 39 (b) x = 39 (c) 39 ≤ x ≤ 63 (d) x = 63
229. In a class of 45 students, 22 can speak Hindi only and 12 can speak English only. If each student in te
class speaks at least one of the two languages, the number of students who can speak both Hindi and
English, is
(a) 9 (b) 11 (c) 17 (d) 23
230. In a class of 30 pupils, 12 take needle work, 16 take physics and 18 take history. If all the 30 take at
least one subject and no none takes all three, then the number of pupils taking 2 subjects is
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 20
231. If n ( A) = 1000, n ( B ) = 500 and if n ( A ∩ B ) ≥ 1 and n ( A ∪ B ) = p, then
(a) 500 ≤ p ≤ 1000 (b) 999 ≤ p ≤ 1498 (c) 1000 ≤ p ≤ 1499 (d) 1001 ≤ p ≤ 1498
232. Out of 200 students in a class, 120 passed in Physics, 140 in Mathematics, 40 failed in both subjects.
How many students passed in both ?
(a) 60 (b) 100 (c) 120 (d) 160
233. If N denotes the set of all positive integers and if f : N → N is defined by f ( n ) = the sum of
positive divisors of n, the f ( 2 k .3) where k is a positive integer, is equal to

(a) 2 k +1 − 1 (b) 2 ( 2 k +1 − 1) (c) 3 ( 2 k +1 − 1) (d) 4 ( 2 k +1 − 1)

234. For two sets X and Y , X ∩ ( X ∪ Y )′ =

(a) X (b) Y (c) φ (d) None of these
235. In a class of 55 students, 23 study music, 24 psychology and 19 computers, 12 study music and
psychology, 9 study music and computers, 7 study psychology and computers and 4 study all the 3.
Number of students who have only of the three subjects is :
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 22
236. Let A and B be non-empty subsets of X such that A ⊂ B. Then. Which are is True ?
(a) A ∩ B = φ : (b) B ⊂ A (c) A and B are disjoint (d) A ∩ B′ = φ
237. Which of the following hold for all sets A, B and C
(a) A ⊆ B and B ⊆ C then C ⊆/ A (b) A ⊆ B and B ∈ C and A ∉ C
/
(c) A ∩ C ∈ B then A ∈ B ∪ C (d) If A ∩ C = φ and B ∩ C = φ then ( A ∪ B ) ∩ C = φ
238. If ( A ∩ B′ ) ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) = A ∪ B then

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(a) A ∩ B = A (b) A ∩ B = B (c) A ∩ B = φ (d) A ∩ B = {φ }
239. Which of the following is correct, if P ( A) is power set of the set A
(a) P ( A) ∪ P ( B ) = P ( A ∪ B ) (b) P ( A) ∩ P ( B ) = P ( A ∩ B )
(c) P ( A) − P ( B ) = P ( A − B ) (d) None of these
240. If A ∈ B and B ∈ C then
(a) A ∈ C necessarily (b) A ∉ C necessarily (c) A may not belong to C (d)None of these
241. If A, B, C are three sets such that ( A ∪ C ) ⊂ ( A ∪ B ) and ( A ∩ C ) ⊂ ( A ∩ B ) then C ⊂ B
(a) It holds good but converse is not true (b) If holds good and Converse is also true
(c) C has to be a null set (d) C = B
242. Which one of the equality is true from the following option.
(a) A ∪ B = A ∪ C ⇒ B = C (b) A ∩ B = A ∩ C ⇒ B = C
(c) A − B = A − C ⇒ B = C (d) A ∆ B = A ∆ C ⇒ B = C
243. Let A, B be two non – empty sets such that A is not a subset of B then
(a) A is always a subset of B′ (b) B is always a subset of A′
(c) A and B′ are always non – disjoint (d) A and B′ are disjoint
244. If A ∪ B = A ∪ C and A ∩ B = A ∩ C then
(a) A = B (b) B = C (c) A = C (d) A = B = C
245. In the following the correct statement is
(a) A ∩ B = φ ⇒ A = φ or B = φ (b) A ⊂ B ⇒ A′ ⊂ B′

(c) B − A′ = A ∩ B (d) ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = A ∪ B
246. For any two set A and B is A − B = φ , if
(a) A = B (b) A ⊆ B (c) B ⊆ A (d) A ∩ B = φ
247. For any two sets A and B is A − B = A if,
(a) A = B (b) A ⊂ B (c) B ⊂ A (d) A ∩ B = φ
248. A and B are two non – empty subsets of a set X . Such that A is not subset of B .
(a) A and B are disjoint (b) B is a subset of A (c) A is subset of B′ (d) A and B′ are not disjoint
249. For any two sets A , B and C is ( A ∪ B ) − C =

(a) ( A − C ) ∩ ( B − C ) (b) ( A − C ) ∪ ( B − C ) (c) ( A − B) ∪ ( A − C ) (d) None of these

250. For any two sets A , B and C is ( A ∩ B ) − C = ………….

(a) ( A − C ) ∩ ( B − C ) (b) ( A − C ) ∪ ( B − C ) (c) ( A − B) ∩ ( A − C ) (d) None of these

251. For any sets A,B,C false statements is

(a) A ∩ ( B − C ) = ( A ∩ B ) − ( A ∩ C ) (b) A ∩ ( B ∆ C ) = ( A ∩ B ) ∆ ( A ∩ C )
(c) A ∪ ( B − C ) = ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∪ C ) (d) A − ( B ∩ C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C )
252. In the following false, statement is
(a) A − B = A ∩ B′ (b) A − B = ( A ∪ B ) − B (c) A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) (d) A − B = A′ − B′

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SOLUTION OF SETS ( )
1. Ans. (d), The shaded portion in the figure is A − ( B ∪ C ) .
2. Ans. (b), A ∪ B = A ⇒ B⊆A ⇒ A∩ B = B
3. Ans. (c),

A B A B A B

C C C

A-B B-C C-A

From the figure it is clear that {( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A)}′ = A ∩ B ∩ C

4. Ans. (b), By De-morgan’s law A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) ∩ ( A − C )
5. Ans. (d), Given figure clearly represents ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A )
6. Ans. (c), As 2m − 2n = 48 = 16 × 3 = 24 × 3 ⇒ 2 n ( 2 m − n − 1) = 24 × 3
⇒ n = 4 and 2 m − n = 4 = 22 ⇒ m−n = 2 ⇒ m − 4 = 2 ⇒ m = 6 ⇒ m = 6, n = 4
7. Ans. (a), According to the given condition, 2m = 112 + 2 n ⇒ 2m − 2n = 112 ⇒ m = 7, n = 4
8. Ans. (b), Given, A ∩ X = B ∩ X = φ
⇒ A and X , B and X are disjoint sets. Also, A ∪ X = B ∪ X ⇒ A= B
9. Ans. (c), A B
Now, A − ( A − B ) = A − ( A ∩ B C
)
= A ∩ ( A ∩ BC )
C

= A ∩ ( AC ∪ B ) = ( A ∩ AC ) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) = A ∩ B A-(A-B)
10. Ans. (c), ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∩ B )
A∩ B

A B

A−B B− A
11. Ans. (a), From Venn-Euler’s diagram it is clear that
A B

( A′ ∩ B )

( A ∪ B )′

( A ∪ B )′ ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) = A′
12. Ans. (d), Q A is not a subset of B

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∴ Some point of A will not be a point of B . So that point will being to B c .
Hence, A and complement of B are always non-disjoint.
13. Ans. (d), According to given statement N = {0, 1, 2, 3, ....} and N p = {0, − 1, − 2, − 3, ....}

N ∆ N p = ( N − N p ) ∪ ( N p − N ) = {1, 2,....} ∪ {....., − 2, −1} = I − {0}

14. Ans. (b), A ∩ φ = φ is true.
15. Ans. (d), Since, power set is a set of all possible subsets of a set.
∴ P ( A) = (φ , { x} , { y} , { x, y} )
16. Ans. (c), A ∩ B = {2, 4}
{ A ∩ B} ⊆ {1, 2, 4} , {3, 2, 4} , {6, 2, 4} , {1, 3, 2, 4} , {1, 6, 2, 4} , {6, 3, 2, 4} , {2, 4} ,
{1, 3, 6, 2, 4} ⊆ A ∪ B ⇒ n ( C ) = 8
17. Ans. (c), A ∩ B = { x : x a multiple of 3} and { x : x is a multiple of 5}
= { x : x is a multiple of 15} = {15, 30, 45, ...}
18. Ans. (d), {φ , {0}}
19. Ans. (c), {φ , A, {a, b} , {c}}
20. Ans. (b), A and B are comparable if A ⊂ B or B ⊂ A or A = B
21. Ans. (b)
22. Ans. (b), A ∪ B = A ⇒ B ⊆ A ⇒ A ∩ B = B
23. Ans. (b), {φ } consists of exactly one element viz φ and φ is also seen to be an element of the set
{φ ,{φ},{φ ,{φ}}} hence (b) holds.
24. Ans. (c), x ∈ A, x ∉ B ⇒ x ∈ A ∪ B but x ∉ A ∩ B, a contraction. Thus A ⊆ B. similarly B ⊆ A.
Thus (c) is the correct option.
25. Ans. (d), Consider A = {2} and B = {2, {2}}, then A ∈ B and A ⊆ B
26. Ans. (b), C ∈ p ( A) ∩ p ( B ) ⇔ C ⊆ A and C ⊆ B ⇔ C ⊆ A ∩ B ⇔ C ∈ p ( A ∩ B ) .
Thus (b) is true.
27. Ans. (b), B ∪ C = {1, 2, 4,5, 7} and so, A ∩ ( B ∪ C ) = {1, 2,5} = A . Thus (b) is true.
28. Ans. (b), By De Morgen’s law, ( A ∪ B ) = X ⇔ φ = X ' = ( A ∪ B ) ' = A '∩ B '
29. Ans. (d), A ∪ B = B. for all B ⊆ U ⇒ A ∪ φ = φ ⇒ A = φ . Thus (d) holds.
30. Ans. (b), Let A = {1, 2}, B {1, 2,3,4} and U = {1,2,3, 4,5,6} be a universal set. With a respect to which
the complements A ' and B ' are taken. Here A ⊆ B, but A '∩ B = {3, 4} ∩ {1, 2,3, 4} = {3, 4} ≠ φ thus
the condition (b) is not a necessary and sufficient condition for A ⊆ B .
31. Ans. (b), Let T denotes the set of persons reading Timer and S denotes the set of personal reading
samachar
As 100 persons do net read any are Hence n (T ∪ S ) = 175 − 100 = 75
Now n (T ∪ S ) = n (T ) + n ( S ) − n (T ∩ S ) ⇒ 75 = 40 + 50 − n (T ∩ S ) ⇒ n (T ∩ S ) = 90 − 75 = 15
32. Ans. (c)
33. Ans. (c), Since A ⊆ B ∴ A ∪ B = B ∴ n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( B ) = 6
34. Ans. (a), Since A ⊆ B ∴ A ∩ B = A ∴ n ( A ∩ B ) = n ( A) = 3

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35. {
Ans. (c), Power set of A = φ , {φ} , {{φ}} , A }
36. Ans. (d), It is fundamental concept.
37. Ans. (b), Since A ∩ B = B ∴ B ⊆ A
38. Ans. (b), A − B = A ∩ B c = A ∩ B , is a formula (Remember)
39. Ans. (a), We have, A ⊂ A ∪ B ⇒ A ∩ ( A ∪ B) = A
40. Ans. (c),
X Y
We have, X ∩ (Y ∪ X )′ = X ∩ (Y ′ ∩ X ′ )

= ( X ∩ X ′) ∩ Y ′

= φ ∩Y′ = φ ( X ∪ Y )′
41. Ans. (c),
U
A B
A∪ B ∴ A ∪ B′ = U − B

42. Ans. (b), Given figure clearly represents A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) .

A B

43. Ans. (d), Using fact n ( A′ ∪ B′ ) = n ( A ∩ B )′

C
= n (U ) − n ( A ∩ B ) = n (U ) − 100 = 700 − 100 = 600
44. Ans. (b), Power set of the empty set is a singleton set containing φ .
45. Ans. (a), A ∩ B ⊆ A . Hence, A ∪ ( A ∩ B ) = A .
OR, By using Venn diagram it is clear that A ∪ ( A ∩ B ) = A
A B

A∩ B
46. Ans. (c), ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∩ B )
A B
A− B B− A

A∩ B
47. Ans. (d), Q A is not subset of B
∴ Some points of A will not be a point of B, so that points will being to B c .
Hence, A and complement of B are always non-disjoint.
48. Ans. (b), It is clear from the concept of ‘belongs to’ and that of subset
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49. Ans. (a), A = A ∩ ( C ∪ C ' ) = ( A ∩ C ) ∪ ( A ∩ C ' ) = ( B ∩ C ) ∪ ( B ∩ C ' ) = B ∩ ( C ∪ C ' ) = B

50. Ans. (c), Since A ⊆ A ∪ B, so n ( A) ≤ n ( A ∪ B ) ⇒ n ( A ∪ B ) ≥ n ( A) − n ( B )

But, given that n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A) − n ( B ) which is possible only when n ( B ) = 0 and hence B = φ

Q α , β are relatively prive 
51. Ans. (a), Here α N ∩ β N = γ N ⇒ γ = L.C.M (α , β ) ⇒ γ = αβ  
 Hence v = αβ 
52. Ans. (d), n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) = 12 + 9 − 4 = 17

(
Now, n ( A ∪ B )
c
) = n (U ) − n ( A ∪ B ) = 20 −17 = 3
53. Ans. (d), Q A ∩ B = A ∩ C ⇒ B = C and A ∪ B = A ∪ C ⇒ B = C . Hence, B = C

Ans. (c), A ∩ ( A ∪ B )′ = A ∩ ( A′ ∩ B′ ) Q A ∪ B ′ = A′ ∩ B′

 ( )
54.

= ( A ∩ A′ ) ∩ B′ [By associative law]

= φ ∩ B′ [Q A ∩ A′ = φ ]
=φ
55. Ans. (c), B ∪ C = {c, d } ∪ {d , e} = {c, d , e} ∴ A × ( B ∪ C ) = {a, b} × {c, d , e}

= {( a, c ) , ( a, d ) , ( a, e ) , ( b, c ) , ( b, d ) , ( b, e )}
56. Ans. (d), n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) = 12 + 9 − 4 = 17

(
Now, n ( A ∪ B )
c
) = n (U ) − n ( A ∪ B ) = 20 −17 = 3
57. Ans. (b), (a)If A − B = φ then A = B and if B is a superset of A then A − B = φ but A ≠ B .
Hence if A − B = φ then A = B is not always true.
(b) If A − B = φ then A ⊂ B is always true. (c) If A − B = φ then B ⊂ A is not true.
(d) If A − B = φ then B ⊂ A is not true.
58. Ans. (d), From Venn diagram it is clear that sets A and B are disjoint.
A B

59. Ans. (c), From Venn diagram it is clear that B ⊂ A .

A B

60. Ans. (b), From Venn diagram it is clear that A ⊂ B .

B A

61. Ans. (a),

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By given information 40
25
40 − α − β − 5 + α + 5 + β + 25 − α − γ − 5 + γ + 35 − β − γ − 5 = 82 I
α 25 − α − γ − 5
⇒ 90 − (α + β + γ ) = 82 ⇒ α + β + γ = 8 ⇒ α + β + γ + 5 = 13 40 − α − β − 5 II

5
β γ

35 − β − γ − 5

III

62. Ans. (d), Let A, B, C be the set having two nose, three legs and four ears. A B
Then according to question, 28 7 11
n ( A ) = 40, n ( B ) = 30, n ( C ) = 20, 3
2 9
n ( A ∩ B ) = 10, n ( B ∩ C ) = 12 , 6 59
C
n ( C ∩ A) = 5, n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 3 .
n (U ) = 125
Q n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) + n ( C ) − n ( A ∩ B ) − n ( B ∩ C ) − n ( C ∩ A) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )
= 40 + 30 + 20 − 10 − 12 − 5 + 3 = 66
∴ Without any of these unusual features = n (U ) − n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = 125 − 66 = 59

63. Ans. (c), X ∩ (Y ∪ X )′ = X ∩ ( Y ′ ∩ X ′ ) = ( X ∩ X ′ ) ∩ Y ′ = φ ∩ Y ′ = φ

64. Ans. (a), ( A ∪ B )′ ( A′ ∩ B ) = ( A′ ∩ B′ ) ∪ ( A′ ∩ B )

(
= ( ( A′ ∩ B′ ) ∪ A′ ) ∩ ( A′ ∩ ( B′ ∪ B ) ) ) = A′ ∩ A′ = A′ [Q B′ ∪ B = U ]
65. Ans. (b), n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) + n ( C ) − n ( A ∩ B ) − n ( A ∩ C ) − ( n ( B ∩ C ) − n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) )
= 20 + 15 + 12 − 7 − 9 − ( n ( B ∩ C ) − n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) )
= 31 − ( n ( B ∩ C ) − n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) ) ≤ 31 [Q A∩ B ∩ C ⊆ B ∩ C]
Also n ( A ∪ B ) = 20 + 15 − 7 = 28
n ( A ∪ C ) = 20 + 12 − 9 = 23
n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≥ ( maximum of n ( A ∪ B ) , n ( A ∪ C ) )
⇒ n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≥ 28 ;
Hence, 28 ≤ n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≤ 31
66. Ans. (d), n ( M ) = 47, n ( C ) = 45
M 12 15 8 T
n (T ) = 53 ,
10
n ( M ∪ C ∪ T ) = 80 10 20
5
C
⇒ n ( M ∪ C ∪ T )′ = 100 − 80 = 20

Ans. (d), A ∩ ( A ∩ B ) = A ∩ ( Ac ∪ B c ) = ( A ∩ Ac ) ∪ ( A ∪ B c ) = φ ∪ ( A ∩ B c ) = A ∩ B c
c
67.

68. Ans. (a), From De-Morgan’s law, A − ( B ∩ C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C )

Alternatively : By De Morgan’s Law, for simplicity let A be universal set.

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A − ( B ∩ C ) = ( B ∩ C )′ = B′ ∪ C ′ = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C ) .
69. Ans. (c), A = B ∩ C , B = C ∩ A ⇒ A, B are equivalent sets.
[Q A and B are interchangeable in both equation]
70. Ans. (a), Subset of {} i.e., φ is φ . Subsets of {4} are φ , {4}
Subsets o {4, 5} are φ , {4} , {5} , {4, 5} . Subsets of {0} are φ , {0} . ∴ Correct answer is (a).
71. Ans. (a), n ( A ) = n ( A − B ) + n ( A ∩ B ) implies. 115 = 47 + n ( A ∩ B )
∴ n ( A ∩ B ) = 115 − 47 = 68 ∴ n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) = 115 + 326 − 68 = 373
72. Ans. (d),
A B U
B′ − A′ = B′ ∩ A [Q A − B = A ∩ B′ ]
= A− B B′ ∩ A
Q A⊆ B
∴ A− B =φ

73. Ans. (b), We have, n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) ∴ n ( A ∪ B ) = 200 + 300 − 100 = 400

Also, n ( A′ ∩ B′ ) = n ( A ∪ B )′ = n ( X ) − n ( A ∪ B ) ∴ 300 = n ( X ) − 400 or n ( X ) = 700

74. Ans. (b), ‘ ∈ ’ is used between an element and a set showing that the element is in the set. Hence (b) is
correct.
75. Ans. (a), A ∈ B ⇒ A is an element of the set B …(1)
B ⊂ C ⇒ every element of B is in C …(2)
∴ (1) and (2) ⇒ A is an element of set C ⇒ A ∈ C ∴ (a) is correct.
76. Ans. (b), ( A ∪ B ) = ( B ∩ C ) ⇒ A∪ B ⊆ B ∩C ⇒ A ∪ B ⊆ B and A ∪ B ⊆ C
⇒ A ⊆ B and B ⊆ C ⇒ A⊆ B⊆C
77. Ans. (b), A ⊆ B ⇒ B′ ⊆ A′ . Also, B′ ⊆ A′ implies B′ ∪ A′ = A′ . ∴ The correct answer is (b).

78. Ans. (c), A ∩ ( A ∪ B )′ = A ∩ ( A′ ∩ B′ ) = ( A ∩ A′ ) ∩ B′ = φ ∩ B′ = φ

79. Ans. (a), n ( A ) = n ( A − B ) + n ( A ∩ B ) implies 115 = 47 + n ( A ∩ B )
∴ n ( A ∩ B ) = 115 − 47 = 68
∴ n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) = 115 + 326 − 68 = 373
80. Ans. (c), Options (a) and (b) are trivially true.
Option (c) is incorrect because if A = {2, 3, 4} , B = {3} , C = {4}
Then A ∪ B = A ∪ C but B ≠ C . Option (d) is also correct.
81. Ans. (c), x ∈ A ⇒ x ∈ A ∩ B ⇒ x ∈ B ⇒ A ⊆ B
x∈ B ⇒ x∈ A∪ B ⇒ x∈ A ⇒ B⊆ A ∴A= B
82. Ans. (a), B lies completely inside A . Hence B ⊂ A .
Shaded part indicates the common part of A and B . Hence A ∩ B .
83. Ans. (c), A and B do not overlap so are disjoint. Also B lies inside C so A and B are subset of C .
Also C lies inside U so A, B and C are subsets of U .

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84. Ans. (c), All the region of U except the common part of A, B and C is shaded.

Hence the Venn diagram represents U − ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = ( A ∩ B ∩ C )′ .

85. Ans. (a), Shaded part clearly is a little less than A ∪ B .
The part of set C in A ∪ B is not included. Hence the shaded part indicates ( A ∪ B ) − C .
86. Ans. (a), ( A ∪ B ) '∪ ( A '∩ B ) = ( A '∩ B ' ) ∪ ( A '∩ B ) [by De Morgan’s law]
= A '∩ ( B '∪ B ) = A '
87. Ans. (b), By Venn diagram it is easy to check that
U

A B

( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∩ B )
88. Ans. (c), ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = φ ⇒ A − B = φ and B − A = φ ⇒ A ⊆ B and B ⊆ A ⇒ A = B

89. Ans. (c), [ A ∪ B ∪ C ]′ = A′ ∩ B′ ∩ C ′

90. Ans. (b), A and B are subsets of C . Hence A ∪ B ∪ C = C .
Also A ∩ B = φ . Hence ( A ∩ B ) ∩ C = φ ∩ C = φ ⇒ C −φ = C .

91. Ans. (c), ( A ∩ B ) ∩ ( A ∪ B c ) ∩ ( Ac ∪ B ) = A ∩ B

92. Ans. (c), Number of male illiterate in the group = 12 − 3 = 9

H 3 6 2 F
4
x 7
3 C

93. Ans. (d), The only situation when B∆C = ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − B ) = {2} is that,
C − B = φ and B − C = {2} ⇒ C ⊆ B and C contains the elements 3, 5, 7.
⇒ C = {3, 5, 7}
94. Ans. (c), Clearly, here C = φ , so C has no proper subset
95. Ans. (c), Since n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) , so according to question
n ( A ∩ B) = 0 ⇒ A ∩ B = φ

Ans. (d), A ∩ ( A ∩ B ) = A ∩ ( Ac ∪ B c ) = ( A ∩ Ac ) ∪ ( A ∩ B c ) = φ ∪ ( A ∩ B c ) = A ∩ B c
c
96.

97. Ans. (a), The power set of a set containing n elements has 2n elements.
Clearly, 2n cannot be equal to 26. so, option (a) is correct.
98. (
Ans. (c), n ( A ∪ B )
c
) = n (U ) − n ( A ∪ B ) = n (U ) − {n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B )}
= 100 − ( 50 + 20 − 10 ) = 40
99. Ans. (c), We have, A = B ∩ C and B = C ∩ A ⇒ A = ( C ∩ A) ∩ C ⇒ A = C ∩ A = B

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100. Ans. (b), We have, ( A ∪ B ) ∩ B′ = ( A ∩ B′ ) ∪ ( B ∩ B′ )

= ( A − B) ∩φ = ( A − B) = A − ( A ∩ B) = A (Q A∩ B =φ)
∴ ( ( A ∪ B ) ∩ B′) ∪ A′ = A ∪ A′ = N
101. Ans. (a)
(i)

It is clear from the venn diagram that A − B = A − ( A ∩ B )

(II) Also it is also clear from above diagam that A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B )
(ii)

It is clear from the diagrams that A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) ∩ ( A − C )

102. Ans. (a) Let x ∈ P ( A ∩ B ) ......(i )
⇔ x ⊂ A and x ⊂ B ⇔ x ∈ P ( A ) and x ∈ P ( B )
⇔ x ∈  P ( A ) ∩ P ( B )  .....(ii )

Hence , from (i) and (ii), P ( A) ∩ P ( B ) = P ( A ∩ B )

Now , P ( A) ∪ P ( B ) ≠ P ( A ∪ B ) ,
103. Ans. (c), Given, n ( C ) = 63, n ( A ) = 76 and n ( C ∩ A ) = x .

We know that, n ( C ∪ A ) = n ( C ) + n ( A) − n ( C ∩ A)

⇒ 100 = 63 + 76 − x ⇒ x = 139 − 100 = 39 and n ( C ∩ A) ≤ n ( C )

⇒ x ≤ 63 ∴ 39 ≤ x ≤ 63
104. Ans. (c), y
The set A is the set of all points on the hyperbola xy = 1
having its two branches in the first and third quadrants, xy = 1
while the set B is the set of all points on y = − x which
x
lies in second and four quadrants.
These two curves do not intersect. y = −x
Hence, A ∩ B = φ

( )
105. Ans. (a), X = A '∪ ( ( A ∪ B ) ∩ B ' ) ' = A ∩ ( ( A ∪ B ) ∩ B ' ) '

= A ∩ ( ( A ∪ B ) '∪ B ) = A ∩ ( ( A '∩ B ' ) ∪ B ) [De Morgan’s law]

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= A ∩ ( ( A '∪ B ) ∩ ( B '∪ B ) ) [Distributive law]

= A ∩ ( ( A '∪ B ) ∩ ¢ ) = A ∩ ( A '∪ B ) = ( A ∩ A ' ) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) = φ ∪ ( A ∩ B )

= A∩ B = φ ∴ n(X ) = 0 Q A = {1, 2, 3,5, 7} and = {4, 6}

106. Ans. (d), Here A '∪ ( ( A ∪ B ) ∩ B ' ) = A '∪ ( ( A ∩ B ' ) ∪ ( B ∩ B ' ) )

= A '∪ ( A ∩ B ' ) = ( A '∪ A) ∩ ( A '∪ B ' ) = A '∪ B ' = ( A ∩ B ) ' = φ ' = N

[Since A is a subset of even natural numbers and B is a subset of odd natural numbers, so A ∩ B = φ ]
107. Ans. (b), Let M be the set of students passing in mathematics p be the set of students passing in
physics and C be the set of students passing in Chemistry
Now , n ( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = 50, n ( M ) = 37, n ( p ) = 24, n ( C ) = 43
n ( M ∩ P ) ≤ 19, n ( M ∩ C ) ≤ 29, n ( p ∩ C ) ≤ 20 [given]
n ( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = n ( m ) + n ( p ) + n ( C ) − n ( M ∩ P ) − n ( M ∩ C ) − n ( P ∩ C ) + n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) ≤ 50
⇒ 37 + 24 + 43 − 19 − 29 − 20 + n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) ≤ 50
⇒ n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) ≤ 50 − 36 ⇒ n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) ≤ 14
Thus , the largest possible number that could have passed all the three examinations is 14.
108. Ans. (a), 3N = {x ∈ N : x is a multiple of 3} ; 7 N = {x ∈ N : x is a multiple of 7}
∴ 3N ∩ 7 N = {x ∈ is a multiple of 3 and 7}
= {x ∈ N : x is a multiple of 3 and 7} = {x ∈ N : x is a multiple of 21} = 21N
109. Ans. (a), We have, bN = {bx | x ∈ N } = set of positive integral multiples of b
cN = {cx | x ∈ N } = set positive integral multiples of c
∴ bN ∩ cN = set of positive integral multiples of bc
⇒ bN ∩ cN = bcN [Q b and c are prime]
Hence, d = bc
110. Ans. (d), We have, bN = {bx | x ∈ N } = Set of positive multiples of b
cN = {cx | x ∈ N } = set of positive integers, multiple of c
bN ∩ cN = set of positive integers, multiple of b and c ⇒ d = LCM of b and c .
111. Ans. (b), Clearly, A2 ⊂ A3 ⊂ A4 ⊂ .... ⊂ A10
10
∴ UA n = A10 = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
n= 2

100
 100 
112. Ans. (c), We have, A1 ⊂ A2 ⊂ A3 ⊂ .... ⊂ A100 ∴ U i U
A = n Ai  = n ( A100 ) = 101
i =1  i =1 
113. Ans. (c), The greatest possible value of n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) is the least amongst the values
n ( A ∩ B ) , n ( B ∩ C ) and n ( A ∩ C ) i.e., 10.
114. Ans. (c), Minimum possible value of n ( B ∩ C ) is n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 3
115. Ans. (a), It is given that A is a proper subset of B . ∴ A − B = φ ⇒ n( A − B) = 0
We have, n ( A ) = 5 . Hence B will have at least we element extra than A

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So, minimum number of elements in B is 6.
Hence, the minimum possible value of n ( A∆B ) = n ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) = n ( A − B ) + n ( B − A )
= n ( B ) − n ( A) = 6 − 5 = 1
116. Ans. (d), As A, B, C are pairs wise disjoint. Therefore, A ∩ B = φ , B ∩ C = φ and A ∩ C = φ
⇒ A∩ B ∩C = φ ⇒ ( A∪ B ∪C)∩( A∩ B ∩C) =φ
( n + 2 ) ( 2n5 + 3n 4 + 4n3 + 5n 2 + 6 ) 6
117. Ans. (c), We have, p = 2
⇒ p = 2n 4 + 3n3 + 4n 2 + 5n +
n + 2n n
+
Clearly, p ∈ Z iff n = 1, 2, 3, 6 . So, A has 4 elements.
118. Ans. (c), We have, A ⊃ B ⊃ C ∴ A ∪ B ∪ C = A and A ∩ B ∩ C = C
⇒ ( A∪ B ∪C)−( A∩ B ∩C) = A−C
119. Ans. (d), n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) = 12 + 9 − 4 = 17

Hence, n ( A ∪ B )  = n (U ) − n ( A ∪ B ) = 20 − 17 = 3
c
 
120. Ans. (c), ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A) is represented by the shaded portion in the
figure.
The unshaded portion is A ∩ B ∩ C .

∴ {( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A)}′ = A ∩ B ∩ C
121. Ans. (a), From Venn-Euler diagram
U

A− B B− A

A∩ B
∴ ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) = A ∪ B
122. Ans. (a), From Venn-Euler diagram
( A ∪ B )′ U

A− B A′ ∩ B

A B
∴ ( A ∪ B ) '∪ ( A '∩ B ) = A '
( )
123. Ans. (b), n ( P ( A) ) = 22 = 4 ⇒ n P ( P ( A ) ) = 2 4 = 16 .
124. Ans. (a),
A B U
Consider ( A ∪ B′ )′ ∩ ( A′ ∪ B )′

= ( A′ ∩ B ) ∩ ( A ∩ B′ )

= B ∩ A from Venn diagram = φ ( A ∩ B′) ( A′ ∩ B )

125. Ans. (a), From Venn-Euler’s diagram.
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A B U

A−B B−A

A∩ B
∴ ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) = A ∪ B
126. Ans. (a), From Venn-Euler’s diagram.
( A ∪ B )′ U

( A′ ∩ B )

A B

∴ ( A ∪ B )′ ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) = A′ C U
127. Ans. (c), From Venn-Euler’s Diagram. A∩ B∩C C−A

A− B B −C
Clearly, {( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A)}′ = A ∩ B ∩ C .
A B

128. Ans. (c), n ( Ac ∩ B c ) = n ( A ∪ B )  = n (U ) − n ( A ∪ B )

c
 
= n (U ) −  n ( A ) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B )  = 700 − [ 200 + 300 − 100] = 300

129. Ans. (c), n ( C ) = 20, n ( B ) = 50, n ( C ∩ B ) = 10 .

Now, n ( C ∪ B ) = n ( C ) + n ( B ) − n ( C ∩ B ) = 20 + 50 − 10 = 60 .
Hence, required number of persons = 60%
130. Ans. (d), Let P, Q, R represent the sets of students taking examinations in the subjects A, B, C
respectively. ∴ n ( P ∪ Q ∪ R ) = 50, n ( P ) = 37, n ( Q ) = 24, n ( R ) = 43, n ( P ∩ Q ) ≤ 19 ,
n ( P ∩ R ) ≤ 29, n ( Q ∩ R ) ≤ 20
We have, n ( P ∪ Q ∪ R ) = n ( P ) + n ( Q ) + n ( R ) − n ( P ∩ Q ) − n ( Q ∩ R ) − n ( P ∩ R ) + n ( P ∩ Q ∩ R )
⇒ 50 = 37 + 24 + 43 − n ( P ∩ Q ) − n ( Q ∩ R ) − n ( P ∩ R ) + n ( P ∩ Q ∩ R )
⇒ n ( P ∩ Q ∩ R ) = n ( P ∩ Q ) + n ( Q ∩ R ) + n ( P ∩ R ) − 54 ≤ 19 + 20 + 29 − 54 = 14
∴ At most 14 students passed all three examinations. ∴ The correct answer is (d).
131. Ans. (c), We draw Venn diagram of the problems.
Different shaded portion has been shown. A B
A′ ∩ B ∩ C
As given, A, B, C ⊂ X B ∩C
Therefore, ( A′ ∩ B′ ∩ C ) ∪ ( B ∩ C ) ∪ ( A ∩ C )
C A∩C
= Total shaded portion = C
Alternative
Given = ( A′ ∩ B′ ∩ C ) ∪ C ∩ ( A ∪ B ) 

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=  ( A ∪ B )′ ∩ C  ∪ ( C ∩ ( A ∪ B ) ) = C ∩ ( A ∪ B )′ ∪ ( A ∪ B )  = C ∩ U = C
   
 1 1
132. Ans. (b), Closed sets are  2 + , 10 −  , n = 1, 2
 n n
∞
 1 1 1 1
∑  2 + n  = 2 + 1 + 2 + 8 ..... upto ∞
n =1
>2

∞
 1 1 1 1 
and ∑ 10 − n  = 10 −  1 + 2 + 3 + .....upto ∞  < 10 .
n =1
Their union is ( 2, 10 ) .

133. Ans. (d), In the figure, marked region represent the people who can speak Three language Hindi,
English and Kannada But not Tamil
134. Ans. (c),
U U U

A B A B A B

(i) Ac ∩ B ≡ B − A (ii) A ∩ B c ≡ A − B (iii) ( A ∩ B )

From (i), (ii) and (iii),
U

A B

(A c
∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ Bc ) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) ≡ A ∪ B ∴ At least one of the two events occur.
135. Ans. (b), A and B are subsets of X and its, Venn diagram is shown.
A B
a b c

d X
A − B indicates region a, B − A indicates c, A ∪ B indicates a, b, c .
If a + c ≡ a + b + c indicates the b is zero. A and B are disjoint
Actual venn diagram will be
A
B

Hence AC B′ = X − B
136. Ans. (d), We know that A′ − B′ = B − A
Hence for checking choice (a)
L.H.S. = ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = A ∪ B − ( A ∩ B ) = R.H .S

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For checking choice (b)
R.H.S. ( A ∩ B )′ − ( A ∪ B )′ = ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∩ B ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A)
For checking choice (c)
L.H.S. = ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) But R.H.S. is ( B − A) ∩ ( A − B )
Hence choice (c) is wrong
For checking choice (d)

L.H.S. = ( A − B ) ∩ ( B − A ) = φ and R.H.S. =  B ∩ ( A′ )′  ∪ A′ ∩ B′

 

= ( B ∩ A ) ∪ ( A ∪ B )′ = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∪ B )′ = φ

Q A ∩ B and ( A ∪ B )′ have no common element

137. Ans. (b), Let a Venn-diagram be drawn taking three intersecting sets A, B and C under a universal
set U . This makes regions a to h as shown.
A has region a, b, d , e ; B has region b, c, e, f
C has region d , e, f , g ; C ′ has region a, b, c, h A B
a b c
B′ has region a, d , g , h e
d f
Statement (a) : A ∪ ( B − C ) = A ∩ ( B ∩ C ) g
C h U
LHS ≡ ( a, b, e, d ) ∪ b, c ≡ a, b, c, d , e ; RHS ≡ a, b, d , e ∩ e, f ≡ e
So, statement (a) is not correct.
Statement (b) : A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A ∩ B′ ) ∩ C ′
LHS ≡ ( a, b, d , e ) − ( b, c, d , e, f , g ) ≡ a ; RHS ≡ ( a, b, d , e ∩ a, d , g , h ) ∩ ( a, b, c, h ) ≡ a
So, statement (b) is correct.
Correct statement is : A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A ∩ B′ ) ∩ C ′
Alternatively : Correct statement is A − ( B ∪ C ) = A ∩ ( B ∩ C )′ = A ∩ ( B′ ∩ C ′) = ( A ∩ B′ ) ∩ C ′ .
Alternatively
For checking choice (a) we get
A ∪ ( B − C ) = A ∪ ( B ∩ C ′ ) Hence (a) is wrong
For checking choice (b) we get
A − ( B ∪ C ) = A ∩ ( B ∪ C )′ = A ∩ ( B′ ∩ C ′ ) = ( A ∩ B′ ) ∩ C ′
Hence choice (b) is correct
For checking choice (c) we get
A − ( B ∩ C ) = A ∩ ( B ∩ C )′ = A ∩ ( B′ ∪ C ′ )
Hence choice (c) is wrong
For checking choice (d) A ∩ ( B ∩ C ′ ) = ( A ∩ B ) ∩ C ′
Hence choice (d) is wrong
138. Ans. (b) I and II are the correct statements
A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) is correct
A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) is correct

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Statement –III is false .
A − (B ∪ C )
A
A
( A − B)∪ ( A − C )

B B
C C

Hence A − ( B ∪ C ) ≠ ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C )
139. Ans. (c),
A B U A B U A B U

A∩ B A ∪ Bc Ac ∪ B
From the above three figures, it is clear that the common shaded portion is A ∩ B .
∴ ( A ∩ B ) ∩ ( A ∪ B c ) ∩ ( Ac ∪ B ) = A ∩ B .
140. Ans. (d), A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) is correct. A B
A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) is correct.
A−B
A − ( B ∪ C ) has venn diagram
A − ( A ∩ B)
A

B
C

But venn diagram of ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C ) is

A

B
C

Hence A − ( B ∪ C ) ≠ ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C )
Relation (3) is false. ∴ (1) and (2) are true. ∴ (d) is the correct answer.
141. Ans. (c) Some properties of operation of intersection are as follows :
A. A ∩ B = B ∩ A [commutative law ] B. ( A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ ( B ∩ C ) [associative law]
C. φ ∩ A=φ D. U ∩A= A

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E. A ∩ A = A F . A ∩ ( B ∪ C ) = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ C ) [distributive law ]
142. Ans. (d)
(A) Let x ∈ A, then x ∈ A ∪ B ⇒ x ∈ A ∩ B (Q A ∪ B = A ∩ B ) ⇒ x ∈ B
∴ A ⊂ B .....(i )
Similarly , if y ∈ B, then y ∈ A ∩ B ⇒ y ∈ A
∴ B ⊂ A .......( II )
From (i) & (ii) , A = B
(C) Let a ∈ A, then there exists X ∈ P ( A) Such that a ∈ X .

⇒ X ∈ P ( B ) (Q P ( A ) = P ( B ) ) ⇒ a ∈ B ⇒ A ⊆ B .....( I )
Similarly , we can prove B ⊆ A ....( II )
From (I ) and (ii) we have A = B
(D) A ∪ ( B − A ) = A ∪ ( B ∩ A ') = ( A ∪ B ) ∩ ( A ∪ A ') = ( A ∩ B ) ∩ ∪ = A ∪ B
(E)

From Venn – diagram

( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A) = ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) '
143. Ans. (b), From Venn diagram we have ( A \ B ) ∪ ( B \ A) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) = A ∪ B
Hence, the set in L.H.S. = ( A ∪ B ) ' U

Also choice (a) means A − B′ = A ∩ ( B′ )′ = A ∩ B A\ B B\A

Choice (b) means A′ ∩ B′ = ( A ∪ B )′ and A′ − B′ = A′ ∩ B A B
A∩ B
Hence correct choice is (b)
144. Ans. (d), For (a), taken A = {1,2}, B = {3,4}; then n ( A) + n ( B ) = 2 + 2 = 4 = n ( A ∪ B ) .
For (b). take A = {1,2,3, 4}, B = {1,2}, C = {3, 4}; then A ∪ B = A ∪ C = A, but B ≠ C
For (c), observe that {φ } ⊄ {1,2} thus (a), (b), (c) are false.
For (d), A∆Β = ( A \ B ) ∪ ( B \ A) = {a, e} ∪ {i,0, u} = [a, e, i, ou ] = X . Thus (d) is true.
145. Ans. (b), In the given Venn diagram, shaded area between sets P and Q is ( P ∩ Q ) − R and shaded
area between P and R is ( P ∩ R ) − Q .
So, both the shaded area is union of these two area and is represented by
(( P ∩ Q ) − R ) ∪ (( P ∩ R ) − Q )
146. Ans. (d), n ( A ) , n ( B ) , n ( A ∪ B ) can not be a decimal number.
147. Ans. (d), n ( M ) = 55, n ( P ) = 67, n ( M ∪ P ) = 100

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Now, n ( M ∪ P ) = n ( M ) + n ( P ) − n ( M ∩ P ) ⇒ 100 = 55 + 67 − n ( M ∩ P )
∴ n ( M ∩ P ) = 122 − 100 = 22 . Now n ( P only ) = n ( P ) − n ( M ∩ P ) = 67 − 22 = 45 .
148. Ans. (a), Let N = 1000 = total number. Set H denote knowing Hindi, B knowing Bengali.
n ( H ) = 750, n ( B ) = 400
Now, N = 1000 = n ( H ) + n ( B ) − n ( H ∩ B ) = 750 + 400 − n ( H ∩ B )
⇒ n ( H ∩ B ) = 750 + 400 − 1000 = 150

Then n ( H ∩ B ) = n ( H ) − n ( H ∩ B ) = 750 − 150 = 600 (knowing Hindi only)

Also n ( H ∩ B ) = n ( B ) − n ( H ∩ B ) = 400 − 150 = 250 (knowing Bengali only)

n ( H ∩ B ) = 150 (knowing Hindi and Bengali both)

149. Ans. (a), Given

( A ∪ B )′ ∩ ( A′ ∪ B )′ = ( B′ ∩ A′ ) ∩ ( A′′ ∩ B′ ) = ( B′ ∩ A′) ∩ ( A ∩ B′ )
= ( B′ ∩ B′ ) ∩ ( A′ ∩ A ) = B′ ∩ φ = φ
150. Ans. (c),
X Y ( X ∩ Y )′
We have, X ∩ (Y ∪ X )′ = X ∩ (Y ′ ∩ X ′ )

= ( X ∩ X ′) ∩ Y ′ = φ ∩ Y ′ = φ
Hence, (c) is the correct answer.

151. Ans. (d) P (φ ) is the power set of the set φ .

{ }
∴ Cardinality = P P  P (φ )  = 4
152. Ans. (c), Let total numbers of students in the class be 100. If A be the set of History students and B
be the set of Sociology students, then n ( A ) = 63, n ( B ) = 76
Also n ( A ∪ B ) ≤ 100 ( ≠ 100 ) because students may offer subjects other than History and Sociology.
⇒ x = 63 + 76 − n ( A ∪ B ) ⇒ x ≥ 139 − 100 ⇒ x ≥ 39 …(1)
Further A ∩ B ⊂ A and A ∩ B ⊂ B ⇒ n ( A ∩ B ) ≤ n ( A ) and n ( A ∩ B ) ≤ n ( B )
⇒ x ≤ 63 and x ≤ 76 ⇒ x ≤ 63 …(2)
(1) and (2) ⇒ 39 ≤ x ≤ 63
153. Ans. (b), From Venn diagram it is clear that ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) is not equal to ( A ∪ B ) .

A B

A− B B− A

154. Ans. (c), From the Venn diagram A ∪ ( B − C ) ≠ ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∪ C ) .

Choice (d) is a formula
But choice (a) is correct Because both L.H.S. and R.H.S.

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Hence venn diagram
A
B
A B A B

C C
A ∪ (B − C ) ( A ∪ B) − ( A ∪ C )

155. Ans. (d), Q using venn diagram it can be easily seen that choice (a), (b), (c) are correct choices
156. Ans. (d), As A is not subset of B Hence
⇒ in venn diagram A is fully inside B either A is partially out of B ⇒

A B

fig I
Or A is fully out of B ⇒

A B

fig II
Clearly B is subset of A is wrong A and B an disjoint is also wrong
As fig I may also be true A is subset of B′ is also wrong
As fig I may be true But clearly from both figures A and B′ are not disjoint
157. Ans. (c)
Choice (a) given ( A ∪ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) = A ∪ B

Choice (b) given ( A ∪ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) = A ∪ B

Choice (c) given ( A ∪ B ) − A ∩ B = ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A)
Is true by venn diagram
Choice (d) given ( A − B ) ∩ ( B − A) = φ
Hence only choice (c) is correct
158. Ans. (d), Venn diagram for (I) A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) and (II) A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B )

A B
A∩ B

A− B B−A

From diagram it is clear that A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) and A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) .

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A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) ∩ ( A − C ) . Hence (III) is not correct.
159. Ans. (c), Let P & C denote families owning phone and families owning car respectively.
Let total number of families be k and x% family have both car and phone.
From Venn diagram, 25 − x + x + 15 − x + 65 = 100 ⇒ 40 − x + 65 = 100 ⇒ x = 5%
∴ 5% families own both a care and a phone.
5 P C
Total number of family = k × = 2000 ⇒ k = 40000
100
25 − x x 15 − x
∴ Total number of families live in the town = 40000
Q n ( P ∪ C ) = n ( P ) + n ( C ) − n ( P ∩ C ) = 25 + 15 − 5 = 35% 65
∴ 35% families own either a car or a phone.
160. Ans. (c), From Venn-Euler’s diagram.
C
C−A
A∩ B ∩C

A− B B −C

A B

Clearly, {( A − B ) ∪ ( B − C ) ∪ ( C − A)}′ = A ∩ B ∩ C .
161. Ans. (b), n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) = 3 + 6 − n ( A ∩ B )
Since, maximum number of elements in A ∩ B = 3
∴ Minimum number of elements in A ∪ B = 9 − 3 = 6
162. Ans. (a), Here, n ( M ∪ P ) = 10, n ( M ) = 6, n ( M ∩ P ) = 2
M P
Hence, n ( M ∪ P ) = n ( M ) + n ( P ) − n ( M ∩ P )
⇒ 10 = 6 + n ( P ) − 2 ⇒ n ( P ) = 6 4 2 4

Hence, required number = n ( P ) − n ( M ∩ P ) = 6 − 2 = 4

163. Ans. (b), Let M = Set of teachers teaching Mathematics
P = Set of teachers teaching Physics.
We have, n ( M ∪ P ) = 20, n ( M ) = 12 and n ( M ∩ P ) = 4
∴ n (M ∪ P) = n (M ) + n ( P) − n (M ∩ P) ⇒ 20 = 12 + n ( P ) − 4 ⇒ n ( P ) = 12
So, the required number = n ( P ) − n ( M ∩ P ) = 12 − 4 = 8
164. Ans. (d), Let M , P and C be the sets of students studying Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry
respectively. We have, n ( M ) = 23, n ( P ) = 24, n ( C ) = 19, n ( M ∩ P ) = 12
n ( M ∩ C ) = 9, n ( P ∩ C ) = 7 and n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) = 4
∴ Number of students studying exactly one subject
= n ( M ) + n ( P ) + n ( C ) − 2 {n ( M ∩ P ) + n ( P ∩ C ) + n ( M ∩ C )} + 3n ( M ∩ P ∩ C )
= 23 + 24 + 19 − 2 {12 + 9 + 7} + 3 × 4 = 66 − 2 × 28 + 12 = 22
Alternatively : Only P = n ( P ) − n ( P ∩ M ) − n ( P ∩ C ) + n ( P ∩ M ∩ C )

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= 24 − 12 − 7 + 4 = 9
Only C = n ( C ) − n ( C ∩ P ) − n ( C ∩ M ) + n ( C ∩ P ∩ M ) = 19 − 7 − 9 + 4 = 7
Only M = n ( M ) − n ( M ∩ C ) − n ( M ∩ P ) + n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) = 23 − 9 − 12 + 4 = 6
Hence, number of students studying exactly one subject = 9 + 7 + 6 = 22

(
165. Ans. (b), We have, n ( A′ ∩ B′ ) = n ( A ∪ B )′ ) A B
⇒ n ( A′ ∩ B′ ) = n (U ) − n ( A ∪ B )
100 100 200
⇒ n ( A′ ∩ B′ ) = n (U ) − {n ( A ) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B )}
⇒ 300 = n (U ) − {200 + 300 − 100} ⇒ n (U ) = 700 300
166. Ans. (d),
A B
We have, A ∩ ( A ∩ B ) = A ∩ ( Ac ∪ B c )
c

A ∩ B′
⇒ A ∩ ( A ∩ B ) = ( A ∩ Ac ) ∪ ( A ∩ B c )
c

= φ ∪ ( A ∩ Bc ) = A ∩ Bc ( A ∩ B)′

167. Ans. (c), We have A = B ∪ C …(i)

E − ( E − ( E − ( E − ( E − A)))) = E − ( E − ( E − ( E − Ac )))
= E − ( E − ( E − A)) Q E − Ac = A

= E − ( E − Ac ) = E − A = Ac

From (i), Ac = ( B ∪ C )
c
∴ Ac = B c ∩ C c
168. Ans. (d), We know that by the definition of subsets, if A = B .
Then A ∪ B = A ∩ B ∀ A, B ∈ X Q n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) 

and by De-Morgan’s law ( A ∪ B ) = Ac ∩ B c .

c

169. Ans. (d), For first statement i.e., all poets ( P ) are learned people ( L ) and from second statement all
poet who learned people ( L ) are happy ( H ) .

P L L P LH
H

∴ Venn diagram represents both in (d).

170. ( A ∪ B′ ) and ( A ∩ B′ ) have venn diagram

B
A

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Hence venn diagram of ( A ∪ B′ ) − ( A ∩ B′ ) is

A B

Similarly we can see that venn diagram of ( A′ ∪ B ) − ( A′ ∩ B ) is also same

But choice (c) is clearly correct choice
Because venn digram of Both ( A ∩ B′ ) ∪ ( A′ ∩ B )
And ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∩ B ) are shown in figure

A B

171. Ans. (c), Clearly any point in shaded region lies in

A ∩ B or B ∩ C or C ∩ A Hence, correct choice is (c)
172. Ans. (c), Let the total population of town be x
25 x 15 x 65 x
∴ + − 1500 + =x 65%
100 100 100 Phone Scooter
105 x 25%
⇒ − x = 1500
100
1500
5x
⇒ = 1500 15%
100
⇒ x = 30000
173. Ans. (b), Because the formula is
A − (B ∪ C ) = ( A − B) ∩ ( A − C )
Hence (1) statement is wrong
A − B is A − ( A ∩ B ) is correct by venn diagram
A = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A − B ) is correct by venn digram
Hence choice is (b) is correct

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174. Ans. (d),
The shaded region represents ( P ∩ Q ) ∪ ( P ∩ R ) . P Q
a b g
Let the intersecting sets P, Q, R divide it into 7 regions marked a to g d
c
f
as shown.
e
The shaded part contains regions b, c and d . R

(a) ( P ∪ Q ) − ( P ∩ Q ) ≡ regions a, b, c, d , f , g − b, c ≡ a, d , f , g . not correct.

(b) ( P ∩ ( Q ∩ R ) ) ≡ a, b, c, d ∩ c, f ≡ c, b, c, d . not correct.
(c) ( P ∩ Q ) ∩ ( P ∩ R ) ≡ regions b, c ∩ region c, d ≡ c so not correct.
(d) ( P ∩ Q ) ∪ ( P ∩ R ) ≡ regions b, c ∪ c, d ≡ b, c, d so correct.
175. Ans. (d), Q A ∪ B = B ∩ C
Since union of A ∪ B is same as intersection B ∩ C where A, B, C are B
A
non-empty subsets of X , strongest inference is A ⊆ B ⊆ C which can be
shown in Venn diagram. C

176. Ans. (a), Since µ is universal set and P ⊆ µ , P − µ = φ and µ − P = P′

So, ( P − µ ) ∪ ( µ − P ) = φ ∪ P′ = P′ . Now, P ∩ {( P − µ ) ∪ ( µ − P )} = P ∩ P′ = φ
177. Ans. (b), Let there be three non-empty non overlapping sets : inside a universal set U .
This creates 8 regions marked as : a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h .
A B U
Statement 1 : A − ( B − C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ C a b c
LHS represent region a, RHS represent a, d , g . d
e
f
Hence, this is not correct. g
h
Statement 2 : A − ( B ∪ C ) = ( A − B ) − C C

LHS represents region a , RHS also represents a . Hence, only statement 2 is correct.
178. Ans. (c), We draw the Venn diagram, A B
A − B = A − ( A ∩ B)
A− B B∩ A B − A
and B − A = B − ( A ∩ B )
A− B = B − A ⇒ A − ( A ∩ B) = B − ( A ∩ B) ⇒ A=B
179. Ans. (c), For subsets A and B of U . If ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A) = A ⇒ B =φ .
180. Ans. (b),
A B
In the given Venn diagram shaded region is
C ∪ (C′ ∩ A ∩ B ) .

C
181. Ans. (d), From Venn diagram
A B U

( A ∩ B)c

( A ∩ B)
c
= Portion exterior to A ∩ B

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( A ∩ B)
c
∩ A = Portion showing both shadings = A − B
182. Ans. (c), If A ⊆ B, then A − B = φ
A ∆ B = ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) = φ ∪ ( B − A ) = ( B − A)

183. Ans. (c), We have, n ( Ac ∩ B c ) = n {( A ∪ B ) }

c

= n (U ) − n ( A ∪ B ) = n (U ) − {n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B )} = 700 − ( 200 + 300 − 100 ) = 300

184. Ans. (c), Two sets are said to be equivalent when they have equal number of elements.
Sets in choice (a) are not equivalent because n ( A ) = 26, n ( B ) = 24
Sets in choice (b) are not equivalent because n ( A ) = 3 and B is infinite set.
Sets in choice (c) are equivalent because n ( A ) = 3 and n ( B ) = 3
Sets in choice (d) are not equivalent because n ( A ) = 4 and n ( B ) = 3
185. Ans. (a), Given n ( N ) = 12, n ( P ) = 16, n ( H ) = 18, n ( N ∪ P ∪ H ) = 30
From, n ( N ∪ P ∪ H ) = n ( N ) + n ( P ) + n ( H ) − n ( N ∩ P ) − n ( P ∩ H ) − n ( N ∩ H ) + n ( N ∩ P ∩ H )
∴ n ( N ∩ P ) + n ( P ∩ H ) + n ( N ∩ H ) = 16
Now, number of pupils taking exactly two subjects
= n ( N ∩ P ) + n ( P ∩ H ) + n ( N ∩ H ) − 3n ( N ∩ P ∩ H ) = 16 − 0 = 16
186. Ans. (d), n ( M ) = 55, n ( P ) = 67, n ( M ∪ P ) = 100

Now, n ( M ∪ P ) = n ( M ) + n ( P ) − n ( M ∩ P ) . ∴ n ( M ∩ P ) = 122 − 100 = 22

Then, number of students who have passed in physics only = 67 − 22 = 45
187. Ans. (c), Let number of newspapers be x. If every student reads one newspaper, the number of
students would be 60 x . As every student reads 5 newspapers
x × 60
⇒ Number of students = = 300 ⇒ x = 25
5
188. Ans. (c), Suppose the sets of students who failed in Mathematics, physics and Chemistry be
respectively M , P and C whence n ( M ) = 15, n ( P ) = 25, n ( C ) = 10, n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) = 5

Again, n ( M ∩ P ) = n ( P ∩ C ) = n ( C ∩ M ) = n ( N ∩ P ∩ C ) = 5

[Q No student failed in exactly two subjects ]

Hence n ( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = n ( M ) + n ( P ) + n ( C ) −2n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) = 15 + 25 + 10 − 10 = 40
60 − 40 100
∴ Passed in three subjects is × 100% = %.
60 3
A B
189. Ans. (b), We have, N = 10, 000, n ( A ) = 40% of 10,000 = 4000
3300 300 1400
n ( B ) = 2000, n ( C ) = 1000, n ( A ∩ B ) = 500
200
n ( B ∩ C ) = 300, n ( C ∩ A) = 400, 200 100

n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 200 500 4000

C

Hence, no of families in only A = n ( A) − n ( A ∩ B ) − n ( A ∩ C ) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )

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= 4000 − 500 − 400 + 200 = 3300
Hence, required number of families = 3300
190. (a), We have, Required number of families = n ( A′ ∩ B′ ∩ C ′ )

= n ( A ∪ B ∪ C )′ = N − n ( A ∪ B ∪ C )
= 10000 − {n ( A) + n ( B ) + n ( C ) − n ( A ∩ B ) − n ( B ∩ C ) − n ( A ∩ C ) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )}
= 10000 − 4000 − 2000 − 1000 + 500 + 300 + 400 − 200 = 4000
191. Ans. (d), n ( C ) = 224, n ( H ) = 240, n ( B ) = 336, n ( H ∩ B ) = 64, n ( B ∩ C ) = 80

n ( H ∩ C ) = 40, n ( C ∩ H ∩ B ) = 24

( )
n C c ∩ H c ∩ B c = n ( C ∪ H ∪ B )  = n (U ) − n ( C ∪ H ∪ B )
c


= 800 −  n ( C ) + n ( H ) + n ( B ) − n ( H ∩ C ) − n ( H ∩ B ) − n ( C ∩ B ) + n ( C ∩ H ∩ B )

= 800 − [224 + 240 + 336 − 64 − 80 − 40 + 24] = 800 − 640 = 160

192. Ans. (c), n ( M alone ) = n ( M ) − n ( M ∩ C ) − n ( M ∩ P ) + n ( M ∩ P ∩ C )
= 100 − 28 − 30 + 18 = 60

P N

193. Ans. (b), Total drinks = 3 (i.e., milk, coffee, tea).

M T n=100
12 15 8
10
10 20

5
C
Total number of students who take any of the drink is 12 + 15 + 10 + 10 + 8 + 20 + 5 = 80.
∴ The number of student who did not take any of three drinks = 100 − 80 = 20
194. Ans. (b), Let A denote the set of students who received medal in
athletics, J be the set of students who got medal in Judo and S be the set
A S
of students who got medal in swimming.
Q n ( A ) = 35, n ( J ) = 15, n ( S ) = 18
n ( A ∪ J ∪ S ) = 58 and n ( A ∩ J ∩ S ) = 3
J
Now, n ( A ∪ J ∪ S ) = n ( A ) + n ( J ) + n ( S ) − n ( A ∩ J ) − n ( A ∩ S )
−n ( J ∩ S ) + n ( A ∩ J ∩ S )
⇒ 58 = 35 + 15 + 18 + 3 − n ( A ∩ J ) − n ( A ∩ S ) − n ( J ∩ S )
∴ n ( A ∩ S ) + n ( A ∩ J ) + n ( J ∩ S ) = 71 − 58 = 13
∴ Number of students who received medals in exactly two of the three

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24 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
= n ( A ∩ J ) + n ( J ∩ S ) + n ( S ∩ A ) − 3n ( A ∩ S ∩ J ) = 13 − 3 × 3 = 13 − 9 = 4
195. Ans. (c), Let A, B, C be sets of computers equipped with given three components.
Then n ( A ) = 20, n ( B ) = 8, n ( C ) = 25, n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 6
n ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( B ∩ C ) ∪ ( C ∩ A ) = 20
Q n ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( B ∩ C ) ∪ ( C ∩ A) = n ( A ∩ B ) + n ( B ∩ C ) + n ( C ∩ A) − n ( ( A ∩ B ) ∩ ( B ∩ C ) )

−n ( ( B ∩ C ) ∩ ( C ∩ A) ) − n ( ( C ∩ A) ∩ ( A ∩ B ) ) + n ( ( A ∩ B ) ∩ ( B ∩ C ) ∩ ( C ∩ A) )
⇒ 20 = n ( A ∩ B ) + n ( B ∩ C ) + n ( C ∩ A) − 3n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )
⇒ n ( A ∩ B ) + n ( B ∩ C ) + n ( C ∩ A ) = 20 + 2n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 20 + 12 = 32
Now number of computers equipped with at least one component = n ( A ∪ B ∪ C )
= n ( A) + n ( B ) + n ( C ) − ( A ∩ B ) − n ( B ∩ C ) − n ( C ∩ A) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )
= 20 + 8 + 25 − 32 + 6 = 27
Ans. Ans. (b),
T
6 H
5 −α − β α 15
14 − (α + γ )
1
β γ

4 − (β −γ )
G
5
By given information α + β + γ = 2
and Hence required number of persons = 5 − α − β + α + β + 1 + 14 − α − γ + γ +4 − β − γ
= 24 − (α + β + γ ) = 22
197. Ans. (a), n ( A ∪ B ) = 50, n ( A ) = 21 , n ( A ∩ B ) = 10
∴ n ( B ) = 50 − 21 + 10 = 39
n ( B − A ) = 39 − 10 = 29 and n ( A − B ) = 21 − 10 = 11
198. Ans. (c), Less sets A, B and C represents the musicians who can play guitar, violin and flute
respectively.
Given, a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 120
g = 5% of 120 = 6 A a d b B
g
Number of musicians who can play any two and only two of the e f
instruments c
= d + e + f = 30 , a = 40 C
∴ Number of musicians who can play violin along or flute only
= b + c = 120 − ( a + d + e + f + g ) = 120 − ( 40 + 30 + 6 ) = 44

199. Ans. (a) Let S = ( A ∪ B )′ ∪ ( A′ ∩ B )

According to De morgan’s Law, we have
S = ( A′ ∩ B′ ) ∪ ( A′ ∩ B )

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⇒ S = ( A′ ∪ A′ ) ∩ ( A′ ∪ B ) ∩ ( B′ ∪ A′ ) ∩ ( B′ ∩ B ) ⇒ S = A′ ∩ { A′ ∪ ( B ∩ B′ )} ∩ U
⇒ S = ( A′ ∪ φ ) ∩ U ∴ S = A′ ∩ A′ ∩ U = A′ ∩ U = A′

200. Ans. (b) n ( A ∩ B ) '∩ A = n ( A '∪ B ' ) ∩ A = n ( A '∩ A ) ∪ ( B '∩ A )  (Distributive law)

= n φ ∪ ( B '∩ A )  = n ( A ∩ B ' ) = n ( A ) − n ( A ∩ B )

201. Ans. (b) In the given Venn diagram shaded area between sets P an Q is ( p ∩ Q ) − R and shaded area
between P and R is ( P ∩ R ) − Q So both the shaded area is union of these two area and is represnted
by
(( P ∩ Q ) − R ) ∪ (( P ∩ R ) − Q ).
202. Ans. (d) The shaded region represents ( P ∩ Q ) ∪ ( P ∩ R ) .
203. Ans. (b) Given : two finite sets have m and n elements
∴2 m − 2 n = 56 ⇒ 2 m − 2 n = 64 − 8 ⇒ 2 m − 2n = 26 − 23 ⇒ m = 6, n = 3
204.Ans. (d) Let A = {1} , B = {2,3} , then
A ∪ B = {1, 2,3} and A ∩ B = φ
Now , P ( A ) = = {φ , {1}} , P ( B ) = {φ , {2} , {3} , {2,3}}

∴ P ( A ) ∪ P ( B ) = {φ , {1} , {2} , {3} , {2,3}}

{
P ( A ∪ B ) = φ , {1} , {2} , {3} , {2,3} , {1, 2} , {3,1} , {1, 2,3}}

And P ( A ∩ B ) = {φ }.
205. Ans. (d)
206. Ans. (c) Let U be the set of all consumers who where questioned A be the set of consumers who liked
product p1 and B be the set of consumers who liked product p2
It is given that n (U ) = 2000, n ( A) = 1720, n ( B ) = 1450, n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∪ B )
= 1720 + 1450 − n ( A ∩ B ) = 3170 − n ( A ∩ B )
Since , A ∪ B ⊆ U
∴ n ( A ∪ B ) ≤ n (U ) ⇒ 3170 − n ( A ∪ B ) ≤ 2000
⇒ 3170 − 2000 ≤ n ( A ∩ B ) ⇒ n ( A ∩ B ) ≥ 1170
Thus , the least value of n ( A ∪ B ) is 1170.
Hence , the least number of consumers who liked both the products is 1170.
207. Ans. (b) n ( A) = 40% of 10000 = 4000, n ( B ) = 2000,
n ( C ) = 1000, n ( A ∩ B ) = 500, n ( B ∩ C ) = 300
n ( C ∩ A) = 400, n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 200

( )
∴n A ∩ B ∩ C = n { A ∩ ( B ∪ C ) '} = n ( A ) − n { A ∩ ( B ∪ C )}

= n ( A ) − n ( A ∩ B ) − n ( A ∩ C ) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 4000 − 500 − 400 + 200 = 3300.

208. Ans. (d) We have
n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) + n ( C ) − n ( A ∩ B ) − n ( B ∩ C ) − n ( C ∩ A) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )

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26 ( )BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
= 10 + 15 + 20 − 8 − 9 − n ( C ∩ A) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 28 − {n ( C ∩ A ) − n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )} .....( I )
Since n ( C ∩ A) ≥ n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )
We have n ( C ∩ A) − n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) ≥ 0 .....( II )
From (i) and (ii)
n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≤ 28 ......( III )
Now , n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) = 10 + 15 − 8 = 17
And n ( B ∪ C ) = n ( B ) + n ( C ) − n ( B ∩ C ) = 15 + 20 − 9 = 26
Since , n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≥ n ( A ∪ C ) and n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≥ n ( B ∪ C ) , we have
n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≥ 17 and n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≥ 26
Hence n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≥ 26 ......( IV )
From(iii) and (iv) we obtain
26 ≤ n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ≤ 28
Also n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) is a positive integer
∴n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = 26 or 27 or 28
209. Ans. (a) Let U be the set of consumers questioned X , the set of consumers who liked the product A
and Y , the set of consumers who liked the product B. then n (U) = 1000. n ( X ) = 720, n (Y ) = 450
n ( X ∪ Y ) = n ( X ) + n (Y ) − n ( X ∩ Y ) = 1170 − n ( X ∩ Y )
∴ n ( X ∩ Y ) = 1170 − n ( x ∪ y )
Clearly ,n ( X ∩ Y ) is lest when n ( X ∪ Y ) is maximum
Now , X ∪ Y ⊂ U
∴ n ( X ∪ Y ) ≤ n (U ) = 1000 ∴ the maximum value of n ( X ∪ Y ) is 1000.
210. Ans. (d), n ( M ) = 23, n ( P ) = 24, n ( C ) = 19
n ( M ∩ P ) = 12, n ( M ∩ C ) = 9, n ( P ∩ C ) = 7 , n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) = 4
∴ n ( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = 66 − 28 + 4 = 42
Students with only one subject are
n ( M ∪ P ∪ C ) − n ( M ∩ P ) − n ( M ∩ C ) − n ( P ∩ C ) + 2n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) = 42 − 12 − 9 − 7 + 8 = 22
211. Ans. (b), B1 = A1 , B2 = A2 − A1 , B3 = A3 − ( A1 ∪ A2 )

⇒ B1 ∪ B2 = A1 ∪ ( A2 − A1 ) ⇒ B1 ∪ B2 = A1 ∪ A2 Q ( P − Q ) ∪ Q = P ∪ Q , F & F 19(ii ) 

⇒ B1 ∪ B2 ∪ B3 = ( A1 ∪ A2 ) ∪ {A − ( A ∪ A )}
3 1 2 = A3 ∪ ( A1 ∪ A2 ) = A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3
212. Ans. (b) Let sets A and B have m and n elements , respectively
Then Given information ⇒ , 2m − 2n = 56 ⇒ 2 n 2m − n − 1 = 56( )
( ) ( )
⇒ 2 n 2 m − n − 1 = 8 × 7 ⇒ 2 n 2 m − n − 1 = 23 × 7
On comparing both sides , we get
2n = 23 and 2m − n − 1 = 7

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⇒ n = 3 and 2m − n = 8 ⇒ 2 m − n = 23 ⇒ m − n = 3
⇒ m−3 = 3⇒ m = 6
Hence , number of the elements in set A is 6.
213. Ans. (c) Let the number of students who play cricket = C
Number of students who play tennis = T
and total number of students = S
∴ n( S ) = 60, n ( C ) = 25, n (T ) = 20
and n ( C ∩ T ) = 10
Now , n ( C ∪ T ) = n ( C ) + n (T ) − n ( C ∩ T ) = 25 + 20 − 10 = 35
Hence , the number of students who play neither game
= n ( C ∪ T ) ' = n ( S ) − n ( C ∪ T ) = 60 − 35 = 25
214. Ans (a) Let M and C denote Mathematics and Chemistry .
∴ n ( M ∩ C ) = 30
30 30
n(M ) = × 100 = 30 × 10 = 300 and n ( C ) = × 100 = 250
10 12
Hence , number of students , getting atleast one subject
n ( M ∪ C ) = n ( M ) + n ( C ) − n ( M ∩ C ) = 300 + 250 − 30 = 520
215. Ans (a) Let D dancing , P denotes painting and S denotes singing .
∴ n ( D ∪ P ∪ S ) = 265,
n ( S ) = 200, n ( D ) = 110, n ( P ) = 55,
n ( S ∩ D ) = 60, n ( S ∩ P ) = 30 and n ( D ∩ P ∩ S ) = 10
Q n ( D ∪ P ∪ S ) = n ( D) + n ( P) + n (S ) − n ( D ∩ P) − n ( P ∩ S ) − n (S ∩ D) + n ( D ∩ P ∩ S )
∴ 265 = 110 + 55 + 200 − n ( D ∩ P ) − 30 − 60 + 10
⇒ 265 = 285 − n ( D ∩ P ) ⇒ n ( D ∩ P ) = 20
∴ Persons who like only dancing and painting
= n ( D ∩ P ) − n ( D ∩ P ∩ S ) = 20 − 10 = 10
216. Ans (c) Let M, P and B denote the number of students failed in Mathematics , Physics and Biology
Then , n ( M ) = 50, n ( P ) = 45 and n ( B ) = 40
∴ n ( M ∩ P ) + n ( M ∩ B ) + n ( P ∩ B ) − 3n ( M ∩ P ∩ B ) = 32.....(i )
We have to find n ( M ∩ P ∩ B ) .
Total number of students = 100
Clearly , n ( M ∪ P ∪ B ) = 99
⇒ n ( M ) + n ( P ) + n ( B ) − {n ( M ∩ P ) + n ( M ∩ B ) + n ( P ∩ B )} + n ( M ∩ P ∩ B ) = 99

⇒ 50 + 45 + 40 − {32 + 3n ( M ∩ P ∩ B )} + n ( M ∩ P ∩ B ) = 99

[from Eq (i)] 135 − 32 − 2n ( M ∩ P ∩ B ) = 99

⇒ 2n ( M ∩ P ∩ B ) = 4

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28 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
⇒ n (M ∩ P ∩ B) = 2
217. Ans (b) Let M and B denote the number of students taking Mathematics and Biology
Then , n ( M ) = 45, n ( M ∩ B ) = 10, n ( M ∪ B ) = 64
∴ n ( B ) = n ( M ∪ B ) − n ( M ) + n ( M ∩ B ) = 64 − 45 + 10 = 29
⇒ n ( only B ) = n ( B ) − n ( M ∩ B ) = 29 − 10 = 19
218. Ans. (a) Let K be the set of all people who speak Kannada and E be the set of all people who speak
English .
Given n ( K ∪ E ) = 50; n ( K ) = 35 and n ( K ∩ E ) = 75
Now n ( K ∪ E ) = n ( K ) + n ( E ) − n ( K ∩ E )
∴ 50 = 35 + n ( E ) − 25 ⇒ n ( E ) = 50 − 10 = 40
‘’only E’’ = E − ( K ∪ E ) or E − K
Observe that E ∩ K and ( E − K ) are disijoint and ( E ∩ K ) ∪ ( E − K ) = E
∴ n(E ∩ K ) + n(E − K ) = n(E) ∴ 25 + n ( E − K ) = 40 ∴ n ( E − K ) = 40 − 25 = 15
Hence 15 people speak only English and not Kannada
n ( K − E ) = n ( K ) − n ( K ∩ E ) = 35 − 25 = 10 = No . of people who speak only Kannada .
219. Ans. (b) Let P be the set of students atudents physics ⇒ n ( P ) = 90
Similarly , n ( C ) = 70 and n ( M ) = 120
Also , since 20 students study none of the above subjects ,
n ( P ∪ C ∪ M ) = n (U ) − n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) ' = 200 − 20 = 180

n ( P ∪ C ∪ M ) = n ( P ) + n (C ) + n ( M ) − n ( P ∩ C ) − n (C ∩ M ) − n ( P ∩ M ) + n ( P ∩ C ∩ M )
⇒ 180 = 90 + 70 + 120 − 30 − 50 − 40 + n ( P ∩ C ∩ M )
∴ n ( P ∩ C ∩ M ) = 20
220. Ans. (a) Converting the percentage into number ,
No . of people buying newspaper A =40% of 10,000 = 4000 =n(A)

No . of people buying newspaper B = 20% of 10,000 = 2000 = n (B)

No .of people buying newspaper C = 10% of 10,000 = 1000 = n (C)

No . of people buying both A and B = 5% of 10,000 = 500 = n ( A ∩ B )

No . of people buying both B and C = 3% of 10,000 = 300 = n ( B ∩ C )

No . of people buying both A and C = 4% of 10,000 = 400 = n ( A ∩ C )

No . of people buying all three newspapers = 2% of 10,000 = 200 = n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )
∴ n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = 4000 + 2000 + 1000 − 500 − 300 − 400 + 200 = 6000
∴ No of people who do not read any newspaper = 10000 − 6000 = 4000
No . of people who read only A = n ( A ) − n ( A ∩ B ) − n ( A ∩ C ) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C )
= 4000 − 500 − 400 + 200 = 3300
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221. Ans. (a) Take x ∈ B. Then x ∈ A ∪ B ⇒ x ∈ A ∪ C
Now , x ∈ A ∪ C ⇒ x ∈ A or x ∈ C
∴ If x ∈ A, then x ∈ A ∩ B i . e., x ∈ A ∩ C
∴ x ∈C
If x ∈ C , then there is nothing to prove
Thus , x ∈ B ⇒ x ∈ C ⇒ B ⊂ C
Summarily , we can prove that C ⊂ B
∴B=C
222. Ans. (c) Let n ( A ) = 12, n ( A ∩ B ) = 4, n ( A ∪ B ) = 20
n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∪ B )
∴ 20 = 12 + n ( B ) − 4 ⇒ 20 = n( B) + 8
∴ n ( B ) = 12
∴ Required = n ( B ∩ A ') = n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) = 12 − 4 = 8
223. Ans. (a) n ( F ∩ B ) + n ( F ∪ C ) + n ( B ∩ C ) = 18; n ( F ∩ B ∩ C ) = 3;
Required = 18 − 3 ( 3) = 18 − 9 = 9
224. Ans. (c) A = {12 , 2 2 , 32 , 4 2 ,....}

Let x, y ∈ A. Then, x = n 2 and y = m 2 where n, m ∈ N

2
Now, xy = n 2m 2 = ( mn ) ∈ A since n, m ∈ N ⇒ nm ∈ N Thus, x, y ∈ A ⇒ xy ∈ A

Let A = {( a , b ) : 2a 2 + 3b 2 = 35, a , b ∈ Z } We know that: 2 ( ±4 ) + 3 ( ±1) = 35 and

2 2
225. Ans. (b)
2 2
2 ( ±2 ) + 3 ( ±3) = 35.
∴ A = {( 4,1) , ( 4, − 1) , ( −4, − 1) , ( 2, 3) , ( 2, − 3) , ( −2, 3) , ( −2, − 3)}

Clearly, n ( A) = 8 i.e. the number of elements in the given set is 8.

226. Ans. (c) Clearly, A is the set of all ordered pairs formed by using the 10 elements of S such that the
two elements selected are different each time.
∴ Number of elements in A = Number of ways of selecting 1 out 10 elements of S (to from the
ordinate) × Number of ways of selecting 1 out of 9 remaining elements of S (to form the abscissa)
= 10 P2 = 10 × 9 = 90

( ) (
227. Ans. (a) B ∩ ( A ∪ B ) = B ∩ ( Ac ∩ B c ) = B c ∩ Ac ∩ B ∩ B c ∩ Ac = φ ∩ Ac = φ
c
)
Alternative
It is easy to think using venn diagram that (a) is correct
228. Ans. (c) Suppose 100 americeans were surveyed. Let C and A represent the sets of Americans who
like cheese and apples respectively. Then, n ( C ) = 63, n ( A) = 76, n ( C ∩ A) = x
There may or may not be any |Americans who do not like both cheese and apples
∴ n ( C ∪ A) ≤ 100 ⇒ n ( C ) + n ( A) − n ( C ∩ A) ≤ 100 ⇒ 63 + 76 − x ≤ 100 ⇒ x ≥ ( 63 + 76 ) − 100
⇒ x ≥ 39
Also, n ( C ∩ A) ≤ n ( C ) and n ( C ∩ A) ≤ n ( A) Thus, we have : 39 ≤ x ≤ 63
229. Ans. (b) Let H and E be the sets representing the students who weak Hindi and English respectively.

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30 ( BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
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Then, n ( H ∪ E ) = 45, n ( H − E ) = 22, n ( E − H ) = 12 Let n ( H ∩ E ) = x
Then, n ( H − E ) = 22 ⇒ n ( H ) − n ( H ∩ E ) = 22 ⇒ n ( H ) = n ( H ∩ E ) + 22 ⇒ n ( H ) = x + 22
And n ( E − H ) = 12 ⇒ n ( E ) − n ( H ∩ E ) = 12 ⇒ n ( E ) = n ( H ∩ E ) + 12 ⇒ n ( E ) = x + 12
Now, n ( H ∪ E ) = n ( H ) + n ( E ) − n ( H ∩ E )
⇒ 45 = ( x + 22 ) + ( x + 12 ) − x ⇒ x = 45 − ( 22 + 12 ) = 11
230. Ans. (c) Let A, B, C be the sets of pupils taking needle work, physics and history respectively
Then, n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = 30, n ( A) = 12, n ( B ) = 16, n ( C ) = 18, n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 0
Now, n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) + n ( C ) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) − n ( A ∩ B ) − n ( B ∩ C ) − n ( A ∩ C )
⇒ n ( A ∩ B ) + n ( B ∩ C ) + n ( A ∩ C ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) + n ( C ) + n ( A ∩ B ∩ C ) − n ( A ∪ B ∪ C )
= 12 + 16 + 18 − 30 = 16
∴ Number of pupils taking 2 subjects = n ( A ∩ B ) + n ( B ∩ C ) + n ( A ∩ C ) = 16
231. Ans. (c) We know : n ( A ∪ B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∩ B ) ⇒ n ( A ∩ B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A ∪ B )
⇒ n ( A ∩ B ) = 100 + 500 − p = 1500 − p ……. (i)

Now, 1 ≤ n ( A ∩ B ) ≤ n ( B ) = 50 Q n ( A ∩ B ) ≤ min {n ( A) , n ( B )}

 
∴ 1 ≤ n ( A ∩ B ) ≤ 500 ⇒ 1500 − 1 ≥ p ≤ 500 [using (i)]
⇒ −1 ≥ p − 1500 ≥ −500 ⇒ 1500 − 1 ≥ p ≥ 1500 − 500 ⇒ 1000 < p > 1499
232. Ans. (b) Let S , P and M be the sets representing the students of the class, students passing in
physics and the students passing in Mathematics respectively.
Then, n ( S ) = 200, n ( P ) = 120, n ( M ) = 140, n ( P′ ∩ M ′) = 40
∴ n ( P ∪ M ) = n ( S ) − n {( P ∪ M ′)} = n ( S ) − n ( P′ ∩ M ′) = 200 − 40 = 160

Now, n ( P ∪ M ) = n ( P ) + n ( M ) − n ( P ∩ M )
⇒ n ( P ∩ M ) = n ( P ) + n ( M ) − n ( P ∪ M ) = 120 + 140 − 160 = 100
∴ The number of students who passed in both the subjects = 100
233. Ans. (d) For a positive integer n given by n = p1a1 . p2a2 . p3a3 ...... pkak , where p1 , p2 , p3 ,... pk are distinct
prime numbers and a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., ak are positive integers, the sum of all the positive divisors of n is
given by
 p1a1 +1 − 1   p2a2 +2 − 1   p3a3 +1 − 1   pkak +1 − 1 
f (n) =     ......  
 p1 − 1   p2 − 1   p3 − 1   pk − 1 
 2k +1 − 1   31+1 − 1 
∴ f ( 2k.3) =    = 4 ( 2 − 1)
k +1

 2 −1  3−1 

234. Ans. (c), X ∩ ( X ∪ Y )′ = φ as X ⊂ ( X ∪ Y ) and hence X and ( X ∪ Y )′ are disjoint sets

235. Ans. (d), n ( M ) = 23, n ( P ) = 24, n ( C ) = 19
n ( M ∩ P ) = 12, n ( M ∩ C ) = 9, ( P ∩ C ) = 7, n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) = 4
∴ n ( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = 66 − 28 + 4 = 42

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 31
Students with only one subject are n (M ∪ C ∪ C ) − n (M ∩ P) − n (M ∩ C )
− n ( M ∩ C ) + 2n ( M ∩ P ∩ C ) = 42 − 12 − 9 − 7 + 8 = 22
236. Ans. (d), A ∩ B = φ is not true Q A ∩ B = A ≠ φ
B ⊂ A is Clearly false Q A ⊂ B
A and B are disjoint is clearly false Q A ∩ B = A ≠ φ
As A ∩ B ⇒ A ∩ B′ = φ is True
237. Ans. (d), If A = B = C = {1} , then C ⊆ A, therefore (a) is false.
If A = {1} , B = {1, 2} , C = {{1, 2} , {1}} , Hence (b) is false.

If A = {1} , B = {φ } , C = {2} , (c) is false.

( A ∪ B) ∩ C = ( A ∩ C ) ∪ ( B ∩ C ) = φ ∪φ = φ
238. Ans. (c), Using Venn Diagram, ( A ∩ B′ ) ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) = shaded Area.

And ( A ∩ B )′ ∪ ( A′ ∩ B ) = A ∪ B ⇒ A ∩ B has to be φ
A B

A ∩ B′
A′ ∩ B

239. Ans. (b), A ∩ B ⊆ A and A ∩ B ⊆ B ⇒ P ( A ∩ B ) ⊆ P ( A ) and P ( A ∩ B ) ⊆ P ( B )

⇒ P ( A ∩ B ) ⊆ P ( A) ∩ P ( B ) ……(i). Now, C ∈ P ( A ) ∩ P ( B ) ⇒ C ∈ P ( A) and C ∈ P ( B )
⇒ C ⊆ A and C ⊆ B ⇒ C ⊆ A ∩ B ⇒ C ∈ P ( A ∩ B ) ⇒ P ( A ) ∩ P ( B ) ⊆ P ( A ∩ B ) …..(ii)
From (i) and (ii) P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A) ∩ P ( B )

240. Ans. (c), Suppose B = { A,1, 2} , C = {{ A,1, 2} ,3, 4} . Then A ∈ B and B ∈ C but A ∉ C ,
Choice (a) is not correct.
Similarly, if C is taken as { A, { A,1, 2} ,3, 4} then A ∈ C . Choice (b), is not correct.
Therefore, option (c) is correct.
241. Ans. (b), Option (b) is correct as converse is also true.
(Think in terms of venn diagram)
242. Ans. (d), For choice (a), The choice (a) is false as A = {1, 2} , B = {1} , C = {2} ⇒ A ∪ B = A ∪ C but
B≠C.
For choice (b), (b) is false as A = {1} , B = {1, 2} , C = {1, 2,3} ⇒ A ∩ B = A ∩ C but B ≠ C .
For choice (c), (c), is false as A = {1, 2} , B = {3} , C = {4} ⇒ A − B = A − C but B ≠ C
For choice (d), If A ∆ B = A ∆ C ⇒ ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) = ( A − C ) ∪ ( C − A ) .
Now, A ∆ ( A ∆ B ) = A ∆ ( A ∆ C ) ⇒ ( A ∆ A ) ∆ B = ( A ∆ A) ∆C
⇒ φ ∆ B = φ ∆ C ⇒ (φ − B ) ∪ ( B − φ ) = (φ − C ) ∪ ( C − φ ) ⇒ φ ∪ B = φ ∪ C ⇒ B = C
Alternative
Think in terms of venn digram

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243. Ans. (c), As A ⊆ B ⇒ ∃ at least one element x such that x ∈ A but x ∉ B ⇒ x ∈ B′
⇒ A and B′ are always non – disjoint.
Alternative
Think in terms of venn diagram

244. Ans. (b), If A ∪ B = A ∪ C then using venn diagram we find that the part of B and C lying outside A is
same and A ∩ B = A ∩ C ⇒ using venn diagram we find the part of B and C lying inside A is same
⇒B =C
245. Ans. (c), For choice (a), A ∩ B = φ ⇒ A and B have no common element. But A = φ or B = φ is false.
For choice (b), A ⊂ B ⇒ B′ ⊂ A′ . Hence, given statement is false.

For choice (c), B − A′ = B ∩ ( A′ )′ = B ∩ A . Hence, it is true.

For choice (d), ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) = A ∪ B − ( A ∩ B ) . Hence, it is also false.

246. Ans. (b), A− B =φ is true if all the elements of A are in B. Hence, A⊆ B or

A − B = φ ⇒ A ∩ B′ = φ ⇒ A and B′ have no common element. Hence, A ⊆ B.
247. Ans. (d), A − B = A ⇒ A ∩ B′ ⇒ A ⇒ A ⊆ B′ ⇒ A ∩ B = φ
248. Ans. (d), According to given information the venn diagram must be.

A B A B
Either or

It is clear that A and B′ must not be disjoint because if A and B′ are disjoint then all the elements of
A will be in B. Hence, A will become subset of B.
249. Ans. (b), ( A ∪ B ) − C = ( A ∪ B ) ∩ C ′ = ( A ∩ C ′ ) ∪ ( B ∩ C ′ ) = ( A − C ) ∪ ( B − C )

250. Ans. (a), ( A ∩ B ) − C = ( A ∩ B ) ∩ C ' = ( A ∩ C ') ∩ ( B ∩ C ' ) = ( A − C ) ∩ ( B − C )

251. Ans. (c), A ∩ ( B − C ) = ( A ∩ B ) − ( A ∩ C ) is a standard result.

A ∩ ( B∆C ) = ( A ∩ B ) ∆ ( A ∩ C ) is a standard result. A ∪ ( B − C ) = ( A ∪ B ) − ( A ∪ C ) is not true.
As it is clearly that if we take C = φ then L.H.S = A ∪ B But R.H.S = A ∪ B − A .
A − ( B ∩ C ) = ( A − B ) ∪ ( A − C ) is a standard result called generalized De Morgan’s law.
252. Ans. (d), A − B = A ∪ B − B is clearly true. It can be checked keeping venn diagram in mind
A − B = A − ( A ∩ B ) is also true. (d) is false because actually A − B = B′ − A′

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