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Types of Differential Equations

This document summarizes four types of differential equations: 1. Separable differential equations can be written in the form g(y)dy = f(x)dx and can be solved by integrating both sides. 2. Homogeneous differential equations can be written in the form dy/dx = f(y/x) and can be solved by making a substitution of u = y/x. 3. Exact differential equations contain an exact differential on both sides. 4. Linear differential equations are differential equations of first degree with no product or power of the dependent variable.

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Abbas Warsi
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976 views4 pages

Types of Differential Equations

This document summarizes four types of differential equations: 1. Separable differential equations can be written in the form g(y)dy = f(x)dx and can be solved by integrating both sides. 2. Homogeneous differential equations can be written in the form dy/dx = f(y/x) and can be solved by making a substitution of u = y/x. 3. Exact differential equations contain an exact differential on both sides. 4. Linear differential equations are differential equations of first degree with no product or power of the dependent variable.

Uploaded by

Abbas Warsi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Differential Equations

1. Separable Differential Equations


2. Homogeneous Differential Equations
3. Exact Differential Equations
4. Linear Differential Equations

Separable Differential Euqations


𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
A differential equation 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) is called separable if it can be written in the form𝒈(𝒚). 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙),
and can be put into the form 𝒈(𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙.

Solution Method
To solve a separable differential equation, we simply integrate it on both sides as:

 g ( y)dy   f ( x)dx  C
Example
dy
 8 x3 y 2
dx
First we separate the equation.
dy  8 x3 y 2 .dx
dy
2
 8 x3 .dx
y
Integrating, we get:
dy
 y 2   8 x .dx
3

4
1 2 x
  8 . C
y 4
  y 1  2 x 4  C
1
y
2 x4  C

Equations Reducible to Separable Form


𝑑𝑦
A differential equation of the form 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐), where a, b and c are constants is called
Differential Equation Reducible to Separable Form.
Homogeneous Differential Equation
𝒅𝒚 𝒚
A first order differential equation is said to be homogeneous if it can be put into the form = 𝒇( ).
𝒅𝒙 𝒙

Solution Method
𝒚
To solve Homogeneous Differential Equation, we put 𝒖 = 𝒙 ; 𝒚 = 𝒖𝒙 and solve as:

y
u  y  ux
x
Differentiating w.r.t ' x '
dy du
ux
dx dx
dy
Putting the value of in the equation, we get it in separable form and solve as separable equation.
dx
y
At the end we put back u= and y  ux.
x
Example:
dy y 2
x  y
dx x
dy y 2 y
  
dx x 2 x
y du
Now we put u  ; y  ux  y1  u  x.
x dx
dy du y
 u  x. ; u 
dx dx x
du
 u  x.  u 2  u
dx
du du dx
x  u 2  xdu  u 2 dx  2 
dx u x
Now Integrating on both sides.
du dx
 u2   x
1
  ln x  C
u
y 1 x
Putting back u   
x u y
1 x y 1 x
  ln x  C    ln x  C     y 
y y x ln x  C ln x  C
x
x
y
ln x  C

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