DISEÑO DE COLUMNAS CORTAS - EJEMPLO #1

Design a square column with bars in two faces for the following conditions.

Pu ≔ 500 kip f'c ≔ 4000 psi Unsupported length = 12', part of braced
frama
Mu ≔ 200 kip ⋅ ft
fy ≔ 60000 psi cover = 1.5''

Desarrollo:
1.- Develop an equation for selecting the preliminary column dimensions. Use the
equation for:
As As
ϕPnmax and assume that ― ＝ ρs ＝ 0.015 , from ― = 0.01 (ACI min) to 0.04
Ag Ag
(practical max, ACI max=0.08)

and assume fy = 60 ksi

set Pu ＝ ϕPnmax ＝ 0.80 ϕ ⋅ ⎡⎣ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ⎛⎝Ag − As⎞⎠ + fy ⋅ As ⎤⎦ ACI Eqn 10-2

Pu ＝ (0.80)) (0.65)) (0.85)) f'c ⋅ ⎛⎝Ag − Ag ⋅ ρg⎞⎠ + (0.80)) (0.65)) fy ⋅ Ag ⋅ ρg

Pu ＝ 0.442 f'c ⋅ Ag ⋅ ⎛⎝1 − ρg⎞⎠ + 0.520 fy ⋅ Ag ⋅ ρg

Pu ＝ 0.442 (1 − 0.015)) f'c ⋅ Ag + 0.520 ⋅ (60 ksi)) (0.015)) Ag

Pu ＝ Ag ⋅ ⎡⎣ 0.435 f'c + 0.468 ⎤⎦ ＝ Ag ⋅ ⎡⎣ 0.40 f'c + 0.45 ⎤⎦

Pu
or: Ag ＝ ―――――
0.40 f'c + 0.45
Pu
――
kip 2 2
‾‾‾
Ag ≔ ――――― in = 243.9 in so: Ag = 15.62 in
f'c
0.40 ―― + 0.45
ksi Try an 18''x18'' column h ≔ 18 in

2.- Check if the column is slender.

u 1 kl M
ACI 10.10.1: slenderness can be ingnored if ―― ≤ 34 − 12 ―― and the column is
r M2
part of a braced frame. In a braced frame, some other element besides the
columns resist sidesway, such as the shear walls in an elevetor shaft.
were:
k = effective length factor (assume equal to 1 fot this example)
lu = unbraced length = 12'
r = radius of gyration = 0.3h (ACI 10.10.1.2) = 0.3(18'')=5.40''
M2 is larger of two moments

Assume (for this example)

 Assume (for this example)
M1
―― =+0.5 (conservative)
M2

Resumen:

k≔1 lu ≔ 12 ft r ≔ 0.3 h = 5.4 in

k ⋅ lu
―― = 26.67
r
M1
M1 ≔ 0.5 M2 M ≔ 34 − 12 ⋅ ―― → 28.0
M2

k ⋅ lu M1
―― < 34 − 12 ⋅ ―― Por lo tanto: slenderness can be ignored
r M2

3.- Select longitudinal reinforcement using trial and error and a spreadsheet that
calculates the interaction diagram given the concrete dimensions and
reinforcement layout. Using such a spreadsheet, you get the following results for 4
#9 bars in each face:

2
As1 ≔ 3.14 in I) Análisis en el eje X-X (horizontal)
2
As2 ≔ 0 cm Concreto:
εcu ≔ 0.003 β ≔ 0.85
2
As3 ≔ 0 cm
Acero: εy ≔ 0.0021
2
As4 ≔ 3.14 in
6
Es ≔ 30 ⋅ 10 ⋅ psi

Sección: b ≔ 18 in h ≔ 18 in r ≔ 2.25 in

2
As ≔ As1 + As2 + As3 + As4 Ag ≔ b ⋅ h = 324 in

Definir las capas de acero empezando por la más cercana al borde en

compresión. La posición (Psic) es la distancia del cg del acero al borde en
compresión.
Se hallaran los siguientes puntos notables del diagrama de interacción:

A. Compresión Pura
ϕPo ＝ As ⋅ fy + 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ⎛⎝Ag − As⎞⎠

MnA ≔ 0 kip ⋅ ft PoA ≔ As ⋅ fy + 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ⎛⎝Ag − As⎞⎠ = 1457.05 kip

B. Tracción cero
para lograr tracción cero debemos considerar C=fy c ≔ h = 18 in
 εcu
d1 ≔ 2.25 in εs1 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝h − d1⎞⎠ = 0.0026
c

εcu
d4 ≔ 15.75 in εs4 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝h − d4⎞⎠ = 0.0004
c
Diagrama de deformaciones

4
fs1 ≔ fy = ⎛⎝6 ⋅ 10 ⎠⎞ psi Cs1 ≔ fs1 ⋅ As1 = 188.4 kip

fs4 ≔ εs4 ⋅ Es = 11250 psi Cs4 ≔ fs4 ⋅ As4 = 35.325 kip

Diagrama de fuerzas

c = 18 in a ≔ β ⋅ c = 15.3 in Cc ≔ 0.85 f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b = 936.36 kip

Calculando Pn:
PnB ≔ Cs1 + Cs4 + Cc = 1160.085 kip PnB = 1160.09 kip

Caculando Mn:
⎛h ⎞ ⎛h ⎞ ⎛h a⎞
MnB ≔ Cs1 ⋅ ⎜―− d1⎟ + Cs4 ⋅ ⎜―− d4⎟ + Cc ⋅ ⎜―− ― = 191 kip ⋅ ft
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠

MnB = 191.45 kip ⋅ ft

C. Deformación nula en el acero a tracción

esto será posible si y solo si el eje neutro pasa por d4 c ≔ d4 = 15.75 in

εcu
d1 = 2.25 in εs1 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝c − d1⎞⎠ = 0.0026
c

εcu
d4 = 15.75 in εs4 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝c − d4⎞⎠ = 0
c
Diagrama de deformaciones

⎛ 4⎞
 4
fs1 ≔ fy = ⎛⎝6 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ psi Cs1 ≔ fs1 ⋅ As1 = 188.4 kip

fs4 ≔ εs4 ⋅ Es = 0 psi Cs4 ≔ fs4 ⋅ As4 = 0 kip

Diagrama de fuerzas

c = 15.75 in a ≔ β ⋅ c = 13.388 in Cc ≔ 0.85 f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b = 819.315 kip

Calculando Pn:
3
PnC ≔ Cs1 + Cs4 + Cc = 1007.715 kip PnC = ⎛⎝1.01 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ kip

Caculando Mn:
⎛h ⎞ ⎛h ⎞ ⎛h a⎞
MnC ≔ Cs1 ⋅ ―− d1 + Cs4 ⋅ ―− d4 + Cc ⋅ ―− ―= 263 kip ⋅ ft
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠

MnC = 263.44 kip ⋅ ft

D. Deformación nula en el acero a tracción

esto será posible si y solo si es4=0.5esy c ≔ 11.6668 in

εcu
d1 = 2.25 in εs1 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝c − d1⎞⎠ = 0.00242
c

εcu
d4 = 15.75 in εs4 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝c − d4⎞⎠ = −0.00105
c
Diagrama de deformaciones

4
fs1 ≔ fy = ⎛⎝6 ⋅ 10 ⎠⎞ psi Cs1 ≔ fs1 ⋅ As1 = 188.4 kip

fs4 ≔ εs4 ⋅ Es = −31498.61 psi Cs4 ≔ fs4 ⋅ As4 = −98.906 kip

Diagrama de fuerzas

c = 11.667 in a ≔ β ⋅ c = 9.917 in Cc ≔ 0.85 f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b = 606.907 kip

Calculando Pn:
P C C C kip P kip
 PnD ≔ Cs1 + Cs4 + Cc = 696.401 kip PnD = 696.4 kip

Caculando Mn:
⎛h ⎞ ⎛h ⎞ ⎛h a⎞
MnD ≔ Cs1 ⋅ ―− d1 + Cs4 ⋅ ―− d4 + Cc ⋅ ―− ―= 366 kip ⋅ ft
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠

MnD = 366.02 kip ⋅ ft

E. Falla balanceada
el concreto y el acero llegan al agotamiento c ≔ 9.26471 in

εcu
d1 = 2.25 in εs1 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝c − d1⎞⎠ = 0.00227
c

εcu
d4 = 15.75 in εs4 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝c − d4⎞⎠ = −0.0021
c
Diagrama de deformaciones

4
fs1 ≔ fy = ⎛⎝6 ⋅ 10 ⎠⎞ psi Cs1 ≔ fs1 ⋅ As1 = 188.4 kip

fs4 ≔ −fy = −60000 psi Cs4 ≔ fs4 ⋅ As4 = −188.4 kip

Diagrama de fuerzas

c = 9.265 in a ≔ β ⋅ c = 7.875 in Cc ≔ 0.85 f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b = 481.95 kip

Calculando Pn:
PnE ≔ Cs1 + Cs4 + Cc = 481.95 kip PnE = 481.95 kip

Caculando Mn:
⎛h ⎞ ⎛h ⎞ ⎛h a⎞
MnE ≔ Cs1 ⋅ ⎜―− d1⎟ + Cs4 ⋅ ⎜―− d4⎟ + Cc ⋅ ⎜―− ― = 415 kip ⋅ ft
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠

MnE = 415.27 kip ⋅ ft

F. Falla en flexión pura

cuando la carga axial es nula c ≔ 2.706085 in

εcu
d in ⎛ d⎞
 εcu
d1 = 2.25 in εs1 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝c − d1⎞⎠ = 0.00051
c

εcu
d4 = 15.75 in εs4 ≔ ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝c − d4⎠⎞ = −0.01446
c
Diagrama de deformaciones

fs1 ≔ εs1 ⋅ Es = 15168.65 psi Cs1 ≔ fs1 ⋅ As1 = 47.63 kip

fs4 ≔ −fy = −60000 psi Cs4 ≔ fs4 ⋅ As4 = −188.4 kip

Diagrama de fuerzas

c = 2.706 in a ≔ β ⋅ c = 2.3 in Cc ≔ 0.85 f'c ⋅ a ⋅ b = 140.77 kip

Calculando Pn:
PnF ≔ Cs1 + Cs4 + Cc = 0 kip PnF = 0 kip

Caculando Mn:
⎛h ⎞ ⎛h ⎞ ⎛h a⎞
MnF ≔ Cs1 ⋅ ―− d1 + Cs4 ⋅ ―− d4 + Cc ⋅ ―− ―= 225 kip ⋅ ft
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠

MnF = 224.85 kip ⋅ ft

G. Falla a tracción pura

ToG ≔ As ⋅ −fy = −376.8 kip

MnG ≔ 0 kip ⋅ ft

Resumen de resultados nominales

⎡ MnA ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎡ Compresion_Pura ⎤ ⎡ 0.8 PoA ⎤ ⎡ ⎢M ⎥ ⎢
1165.64 ⎤
⎢ P ⎥ ⎢ nB 191.45 ⎥
⎢ Traccion_Cero ⎥ nB 1160.09 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
M
⎢ ε_nula_Traccion ⎥ ⎢
PnC
⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ nC ⎥ ⎢ 263.44 ⎥
⎢ Traccion_50% fy ⎥ P ≔ ⎢ P ⎥ ⎢ 1007.72 ⎥ Mn ≔ ⎢ MnD ⎥ = 366.02 kip ⋅ ft
n ⎢ nD ⎥ = 696.4 kip ⎢ ⎥
⎢ Falla_Balanceada ⎥ ⎢ 481.95 ⎥ ⎢ MnE ⎥ ⎢ 415.27 ⎥
⎢ PnE ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ MnF ⎥ ⎢ 224.85 ⎥
Falla_FlexionPura ⎢ 0
⎢ ⎥ P nF ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ M ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦
⎣ Falla_TraccionPura ⎦ ⎢⎣ T ⎥ ⎣ −376.8 ⎦ nG
oG ⎦

Resumen de resultados ultimos

Resumen de resultados ultimos

⎡ 0.8 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ PoA ⎤ ⎡ 757.66 ⎤ ⎡ 0.65 MnA ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤

⎢ 0.65 P ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ 0.65 M ⎥ ⎢
nB 754.06 ⎥ nB 124.44 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
0.65 PnC 0.65 MnC
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 655.01 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 171.23 ⎥
ϕPn ≔ ⎢ 0.65 PnD ⎥ = 452.66 kip ϕMn ≔ ⎢ 0.65 MnD ⎥ = 237.91 kip ⋅ ft
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0.65 PnE ⎥ ⎢ 313.27 ⎥ ⎢ 0.65 MnE ⎥ ⎢ 269.93 ⎥
⎢ 0.9 PnF ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎢ 0.9 MnF ⎥ ⎢ 202.37 ⎥
⎥
⎢⎣ 0.9 ToG ⎥ ⎣ −339.12 ⎦ ⎢⎣ 0.9 M ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦
⎦ nG

1200

1000

800

600

400
Pn (kip))
200
ϕPn (kip))
0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 Pu (kip))
-200

-400

Mn (kip ⋅ ft))

ϕMn (kip ⋅ ft))

Mu (kip ⋅ ft))

0.1 ⋅ PoA = 145.705 kip