PREPOSITION OF PLACE

Preposition of
Explanation Example
place

 inside  I watch TV in the living-room

 I live in New York

 Look at the picture in the book

in  She looks at herself in the mirror.

 She is in the car.

 Look at the girl in the picture

 This is the best team in the world

 used to show an exact position or  I met her at the entrance, at the bus

particular place stop

 table  She sat at the table

at
 events  at a concert, at the party

 place where you are to do something  at the

typical (watch a film, study, work) movies, at university, atwork

 attached  Look at the picture on the wall

 next to or along the side of (river)  Cambridge is on the River Cam.

 used to show that something is in a  The book is on the desk

on
position above something else and
 A smile on his face
touching it.
 The shop is on the left
 left, right
  a floor in a house  My apartment is on the first floor

 used for showing some methods of  I love traveling on trains /on the bus

traveling / on a plane

 television, radio  My favorite program on TV, onthe

radio

by, next to,  not far away in distance  The girl who is by / next

beside, near to /beside the house.

 in or into the space which separates  The town lies

between two places, people or objects halfway betweenRome and

Florence.

behind  at the back (of)  I hung my coat behind the door.

 further forward than someone or  She started talking to the man in

in front of
something else front of her

 lower than (or covered by)  the cat is under the chair.
under
something else

below  lower than something else.  the plane is just below the the cloud

 above or higher than something else,  She held the umbrella over both of

sometimes so that one thing covers us.

the other.
 Most of the carpets are over$100.
over
 more than.
 I walked over the bridge

 across from one side to the other.

 She jumped over the gate

 overcoming an obstacle
  higher than something else, but not  a path above the lake
above
directly over it

 from one side to the other of  She walked across the field/road.

something with clear limits / getting

 He sailed across the Atlantic
across
to the other side

 from one end or side of something  They walked slowly through the
through
to the other woods.

 in the direction of  We went to Prague last year.

to
 bed  I go to bed at ten.

 towards the inside or middle of  Shall we go into the garden?

something and about to be

into
contained, surrounded or enclosed

by it

 in the direction of, or closer to  She stood up and

towards
someone or something walked towardshim.

 used to show movement into or on a  I slipped as I stepped onto the

onto
particular place platform.

 used to show the place where  What time does the

from
someone or something starts: flight fromAmsterdam arrive?

DICCIONARIOCORRECTORCONJUGACIÓN

Excuse me

disculpePerdonedisculpaperdóndiscúlpeme
 how do I get to

¿Cómo llego a¿cómo puedo llegar a¿Cómo se llega a¿cómo puedo ir a¿cómo hago para llegar

Excuse me, how do I get to the airport?

Oiga joven ¿cómo llegar al aeropuerto?

Excuse me, how do I get to Bigweld Industries?

¿Cómo llego a Industrias Gran Soldador?

Excuse me, how do I get to Columbus Circle?

¿Cómo se llega a Columbus Circle?

Excuse me, how do I get to the attic?

Disculpe, ¿cómo llego al ático?

Excuse me, how do I get to the highway?

Perdone, ¿la carretera para llegar a la Nacional?

Traducción de "how do i get to" en español

¿Cómo llego a

¿cómo puedo llegar a

¿Cómo se llega a
¿cómo puedo ir a
¿cómo hago para llegar a
¿Cómo hago para ir a
¿Cómo llego hasta
cómo puedo llegar a
¿cómo llego al
How do I get to sleep... comfortably?
¿Cómo llego a dormir... cómodamente?

How do I get to the courthouse?

¿Cómo llego a los tribunales?

How do I get to Gallipoli?

¿Cómo puedo llegar a Gallipoli?

How do I get to this address?

¿Cómo puedo llegar a esta dirección?

How do I get to his ranch?

¿Cómo se llega a su rancho?

How do I get to the guillotine?

¿Cómo llego a la guillotina?

How do I get to Berlin?

¿Cómo llego a Berlín? - ¡Oh, cielos!

How do I get to you?

¿Cómo puedo llegar a Ud.?

How do I get to the Oval Office?

¿Cómo llego a la oficina Oval?

How do I get to the roof?

¿Cómo llego a la azotea?

How do I get to the Bonus Stage?

¿Cómo puedo llegar a la etapa de bonus?

How do I get to his house?

¿Cómo llego a su casa?

How do I get to that yacht?

 ¿Cómo llego a ese yate?

How do I get to this beach?

¿Cómo llego a esta playa?

How do I get to the Black House?

¿Cómo llego a la Casanegra?

SIMPLE PRESENT
EL "SIMPLE PRESENT" SE UTILIZA:
 Para expresar hábitos y rutinas, hechos generales, acciones repetidas o situaciones, emociones y deseos
permanentes:
I smoke (hábito); I work in London (permanencia); London is a large city (hecho general)
 Para dar instrucciones o indicaciones:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
 Para hablar de eventos programados, presentes o futuros:
Your exam starts at 09.00.
 Para referirse al futuro, detrás de algunas conjunciones: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

¡Cuidado! El "simple present" no se utiliza para hablar de lo que está ocurriendo en este momento.

EJEMPLOS
 Hábitos y rutinas
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly.
 Eventos y acciones repetidos
We catch the bus every morning.
 It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer.
 Hechos generales
Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Her mother is Peruvian.

 Instrucciones o indicaciones
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
 Eventos programados
His mother arrives tomorrow.
Our holiday starts on the 26th March
 Construcciones de futuro
She'll see you before she leaves.
We'll give it to her when she arrives.

FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PRESENT": TO THINK

Afirmativa Interrogativa Negativa

I think Do I think? I do not think

You think Do you think? You do not think

He thinks Does he think? He does not think

She thinks Does she think? She does not think

It thinks Does it think? It does not think

We think Do we think? We do not think.

They think Do they think? They do not think.

NOTAS SOBRE LA TERCERA PERSONA DEL SINGULAR

DEL "SIMPLE PRESENT"
 En la tercera persona del singular, el verbo siempre termina en -s:
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
 Para las formas negativa e interrogativa, se emplea DOES (= tercera persona del auxiliar 'DO') + el infinitivo
del verbo.
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.
 Verbos que terminan en -y : en la tercera persona del singular, se cambia la -y por -ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Excepción: cuando una vocal precede a la -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays
 Añadimos -es a los verbos que terminan en:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
 EJEMPLOS
 He goes to school every morning.
 She understands English.
 It mixes the sand and the water.
 He tries very hard.
 She enjoys playing the piano.

SIMPLE PAST
FUNCIONES DEL "SIMPLE PAST"
El "simple past" se utiliza para hablar de una acción que concluyó en un tiempo anterior al actual. La duración no
es relevante. El tiempo en que se sitúa la acción puede ser el pasado reciente o un pasado lejano.

EJEMPLOS
 John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
 My father died last year.
 He lived in Fiji in 1976.
 We crossed the Channel yesterday.

Siempre se utiliza el "simple past" para referirse a cuándo ocurrió algo, de modo que va asociado a ciertas
expresiones temporales que indican:

 frecuencia: often, sometimes, always

I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.
 un tiempo determinado: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night
 un tiempo indeterminado: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago.
 She played the piano when she was a child.

Nota: el término ago es útil para expresar distancia temporal en el pasado. Se coloca después del periodo de tiempo
de que se trate: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

Cuidado: el "simple past" del inglés puede parecerse a un tiempo verbal de tu propio idioma y, sin embargo, su

significado puede ser distinto.

FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST"
FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST" CON VERBOS REGULARES

Afirmativa

Sujeto + raíz + ed

I skipped.

Negativa

Sujeto + did not + infinitivo sin to

They didn't go.

Interrogativa

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Did she arrive?

Interrogativa negativa

Did not + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Didn't you play?

TO WALK

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I walked I didn't walk Did I walk?

You walked You didn't walk Did you walk?

He walked He didn't walk Did he walk?

 Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

We walked We didn't walk Did we walk?

They walked They didn't walk Did they walk?

"SIMPLE PAST" DE LOS VERBOS TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO

Sujeto Verbo

Be Have Do

I was had did

You were had did

He/She/It was had did

We were had did

You were had did

They were had did

NOTAS SOBRE LAS CONSTRUCCIONES AFIRMATIVA,

NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
AFIRMATIVA
La forma afirmativa del "simple past" es sencilla.

 I was in Japan last year

 She had a headache yesterday.
 We did our homework last night.

NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
Para las formas negativa e interrogativa del "simple past" del verbo "do" como verbo ordinario, se emplea como
auxiliar "do", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
La forma negativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele construirse utilizando el auxiliar "do", aunque en ocasiones
solo se añade not o la contracción "n't".

La forma interrogativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele emplear el auxiliar "do".
 EJEMPLOS
 They weren't in Rio last summer.
 We didn't have any money.
 We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
 We didn't do our exercises this morning.
 Were they in Iceland last January?
 Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
 Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?

Nota: para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa de todos los verbos en "simple past", se utiliza siempre el
auxiliar 'did''.

"SIMPLE PAST": VERBOS IRREGULARES

Algunos verbos hacen el "simple past" de forma irregular. Estos son los más comunes.

TO GO

 He went to a club last night.

 Did he go to the cinema last night?
 He didn't go to bed early last night.

TO GIVE

 We gave her a doll for her birthday.

 They didn't give John their new address.
 Did Barry give you my passport?

TO COME

 My parents came to visit me last July.

 We didn't come because it was raining.
 Did he come to your party last week?
 Regular and irregular verbs
In the context of verbs, we use the term inflection to talk about the process of changing a verb
form to show tense, mood, number (i.e. singular or plural), and person (i.e. first person, second
person, or third person). This section deals with inflecting verbs to show tenses and participles,
and is divided into two main sections:
Regular verbs
Irregular verbs

Regular verbs

Many English verbs are regular, which means that they form their different tenses according to an
established pattern. Such verbs work like this:
3rd person 3rd person
past present
Verb singular singular
participle participle
present tense past tense

laugh he/she laughs he/she laughed laughed laughing

love he/she loves he/she loved loved loving

boo he/she boos he/she booed booed booing

Present tense formation

In the present simple tense, the basic form of a regular verb only changes in the 3rd person
singular, as follows:
Most verbs just add -s to the basic form (e.g. take/takes, seem/seems, look/looks).

Verbs that end with a vowel other than e add -es (e.g. go/goes, veto/vetoes, do/does).

Verbs that end with -s, -z, -ch, -sh, and -x add -es
(e.g. kiss/kisses, fizz/fizzes, punch/punches, wash/washes, mix/mixes).
If the verb ends in a consonant plus -y, change the y to an i before adding -
es (e.g. hurry/hurries, clarify/clarifies). But if the verb ends in a vowel plus -y, just add -
s (e.g. play/plays, enjoy/enjoys).
Past tense formation

Forming the past simple tense of regular verbs is mostly straightforward, and you use the same
form for the first, second, and third persons, singular and plural:
If the basic form of the verb ends in a consonant or a vowel other than e, add the letters -ed to the
end (e.g. seem/seemed, laugh/laughed, look/looked).
For verbs that end in -e, add -d (e.g. love/loved, recede/receded, hope/hoped).
If the verb ends in a consonant plus -y, change the y to an i before adding -
ed (e.g. hurry/hurried, clarify/clarified). But if the verb ends in a vowel plus -y, just add -
ed (e.g. play/played, enjoy/enjoyed).
For more detail, see Verb tenses: adding-ed-and-ing.
Forming participles
To form the past participle of regular verbs, follow the same rules as for the past simple tense
above.

To make the present participle of regular verbs:

If the basic form of the verb ends in a consonant or a vowel other than e, add the ending -
ing (e.g. laugh/laughing, boo/booing).

If the verb ends in e, drop the e before adding -ing (e.g. love/loving, hope/hoping).

If the basic form ends in y just add -ing (e.g. hurry/hurrying, clarify/clarifying).

For more detail, see Verb tenses: adding-ed-and-ing.

 Irregular verbs

There are many irregular verbs that don’t follow the normal rules. Here are the forms of some of
the most common irregular verbs:
3rd person 3rd person
past present
Verb singular singular
participle participle
present tense past tense

be is was been being

begin begins began begun beginning

bite bites bit bitten biting

break breaks broke broken breaking

buy buys bought bought buying

choose chooses chose chosen choosing

come comes came come coming

dig digs dug dug digging

do does did done doing

drink drinks drank drunk drinking

eat eats ate eaten eating

fall falls fell fallen falling

feel feels felt felt feeling

 find finds found found finding

get gets got got getting

go goes went gone going

grow grows grew grown growing

have has had had having

hide hides hid hidden hiding

keep keeps kept kept keeping

know knows knew known knowing

lay lays laid laid laying

lead leads led led leading

leave leaves left left leaving

lie lies lay lain lying

lose loses lost lost losing

make makes made made making

meet meets met met meeting

put puts put put putting

read
reads read /red/ read /red/ reading
/ri:d/
ride rides rode ridden riding

ring rings rang rung ringing

rise rises rose risen rising

run runs ran run running

say says said said saying

see sees saw seen seeing

sell sells sold sold selling

set sets set set setting

sing sings sang sung singing

sit sits sat sat sitting

stand stands stood stood standing

stick sticks stuck stuck sticking

take takes took taken taking

teach teaches taught taught teaching

think thinks thought thought thinking

wake wakes woke woken waking

Note that sometimes the spelling doesn’t change but the pronunciation does (e.g. read). There are
many more irregular verbs in English than those listed here. If you aren’t sure how a verb
behaves, it’s best to look it up. All irregular verb forms are given in full at the main dictionary entry.
Every verb in English can have a base form, an -ing form, a past simple form and a past
participle.

We use the base form for:

 the present simple tense. For example “They live in Rome.”

 the infinitive. For example, “I want to learn English.”

We use the -ing form (or the gerund) for:

 continuous tenses, like the present continuous. For example. “He’s working”
 verbs as nouns. For example, “Swimming is good for you.”

And we use the past participle for:

 perfect tenses, like the present perfect. For example, “I’ve finished”
 the passive form. For example, ”It was made in Japan”
 adjectives. For example. “The chair is broken”

Regular Verbs

Regular verbs in English create the past simple and past participle by adding -ed to the
base form. For example:

If the verb ends in a consonant and -y, we change the -y to -i and added -ed. For example:
If a verb ends in -e we simply add -d, For example:

Here are some examples of regular verbs:

“Yesterday Jack studied all day.”

“Raul has accepted the job offer.”

“Have you finished yet?”

“We really liked the film we watched last night.”

There are three ways to pronounce -ed, depending on the last letter of the verb.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

Practice speaking about the past with this fun quiz.
START QUIZ
 Irregular Verbs

There are about 200 irregular verbs in English. We can divide these into four types:

 Group 1 – verbs which have the same base form, past simple and past participle
 Group 2 – verbs which have the same past simple and past participle
 Group 3 – verbs which have the same base form and past participle
 Group 4 – verbs which have a different base form, past simple and past participle

A good way to learn irregular verbs is to study them in these groups because as they are similar they’re easier
to remember. Here are the most common irregular verbs in these groups.

For example:

“Our car cost a lot of money but it’s always breaking down.”

“Pasha hurt himself in a soccer match last weekend.”

“My parents have let me stay out late tonight.”

“They put on their jackets because it was very cold.”

For example:

“They had lunch at a Thai restaurant on Monday.”

“Have you heard the news about the train strike?”

“Tim has sent an email to all the suppliers.”

“Who won the match?” – “The Giants.”

For example:

“He came back home at 4 a.m. on Saturday.”

“Suzi has become the Managing Director.”

“The dog ran into the garden after Lee opened the door.”

“Has Mrs. O’Connor come back from lunch yet?”

For example:

“The kids ate a lot of cakes at the party.”

“They drove to the airport and left their car there.”

“Has she taken her tickets yet?”

“I’ve written a letter of application for the manager’s job.”

Learning tips

So, what’s the best way to learn all these irregular verbs?

 Pay attention when you see a new verb in your interactive lesson and then in your digital workbook
 Make your own examples for every new verb you find
 Do the exercises about irregular verbs in the Practice area
 Keep a diary in English and write down a few things you did every day
 Read a Learner’s book in English. Books are full of verbs in their past forms, so reading is a really
useful way to practice and review. Your Wall Street English Center probably has some books available
for you to borrow
 Focus on learning a few irregular verbs at one time
 Join complementary classes and social club activities to get extra practice in using regular and
irregular verbs

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FORMACIÓN DEL "PRESENT CONTINUOUS"
El "present continuous" de cualquier verbo se compone de dos partes: el presente del verbo to be + el "present
participle" del verbo principal.

(Para formar el "present participle": raíz+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling)

Afirmativa

Sujeto + to be + raíz + ing

She is talking.

Negativa
 Sujeto + to be + not + raíz + ing

She is not (isn't) talking

Interrogativa

to be + sujeto + raíz + ing

Is she talking?

EJEMPLOS: TO GO, "PRESENT CONTINUOUS"

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I am going I am not going Am I going?

You are going You aren't going. Are you going?

He, she, it is going He, she, it isn't going Is he, she, it going?

We are going We aren't going Are we going?

You are going You aren't going Are you going?

They are going They aren't going Are they going?

Nota: contracciones de las formas negativas: I'm not going, you're not going, he's not going etc.

FUNCIONES DEL "PRESENT CONTINUOUS"

Como ocurre con todos los tiempos verbales del inglés, la actitud del hablante es tan importante como el momento
en que ocurre la acción o el evento. Al emplear el "present continuous", nos estamos refiriendo a algo que no ha
terminado o está incompleto

EL "PRESENT CONTINUOUS" SE UTILIZA:

 para describir una acción que está teniendo lugar en este momento: You are using the Internet. You are
studying English grammar.
  para describir una tendencia o una acción que está sucediendo en la actualidad: Are you still working for
the same company? More and more people are becoming vegetarian.
 para describir una acción o evento futuros que ya están programados: We're going on holiday tomorrow. I'm
meeting my boyfriend tonight. Are they visiting you next winter?
 para describir una situación o evento temporales: He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar
tonight. The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.
 con "always, forever, constantly", para describir y enfatizar una sucesión de acciones repetidas: Harry and
Sally are always arguing! You're constantly complaining about your mother-in-law!

¡CUIDADO! Hay algunos verbos que no suelen emplear la forma progresiva

VERBOS QUE NO SUELEN EMPLEAR LA FORMA

PROGRESIVA
Los verbos de la siguiente lista suelen utilizar la forma simple porque hacen referencia a estados, más que acciones
o procesos.

SENSACIÓN / PERCEPCIÓN

 to feel*
 to hear
 to see*
 to smell
 to taste

OPINIÓN

 to assume
 to believe
 to consider
 to doubt
 to feel (= pensar)
 to find (= considerar)
 to suppose
 to think*

ESTADOS MENTALES

 to forget
 to imagine
 to know
 to mean
 to notice
 to recognise
 to remember
 to understand

EMOCIONES / DESEOS

 to envy
 to fear
 to dislike
 to hate
 to hope
 to like
 to love
 to mind
 to prefer
 to regret
 to want
  to wish

MEDIDAS

 to contain
 to cost
 to hold
 to measure
 to weigh

OTROS

 to look (=parecerse a)
 to seem
 to be (en la mayoría de los casos)
 to have(cuando significa "poseer")*

EXCEPCIONES
Los verbos de sensación y percepción (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) suelen utilizarse con can: : I can see... Pueden
tomar la forma progresiva pero, en este caso, su significado suele variar.

 This coat feels nice and warm. (percepción de las cualidades del abrigo)
 John's feeling much better now (está mejor de salud)
 She has three dogs and a cat. (posesión)
 She's having supper. (está tomando)
 I can see Anthony in the garden (percepción)
 I'm seeing Anthony later (tenemos intención de vernos)