Tutorial
Tutorial
1. Flexural Design
1.1 Shown below is a 8m primary floor beam connected to columns by web side plate
connections. The beam supports a reinforced concrete slab (which does NOT provide top
flange lateral restraint to the beam). A secondary floor beam is connected to the web of the
primary beam at midspan (ie. web side plate connection), and to the columns. These
secondary floor beams prevent lateral movement to the beam and columns. Assuming gravity
loads, determine:
1) crosssection restraints
2) segment or subsegment lengths
3) m for each segment or subsegment
4) effective length for each segment or subsegment.
Then explain in terms of M*, Le and m which segment(s) or subsegment(s) are “critical".
The solution requires minimal calculations (ie. no member design) and should be no more
than 2 pages long.
Note: A “critical” segment or subsegment is the one that governs the member size ie. the
segment or segment that will produce the largest designed member. Two criteria need to be
considered (i) M*/m and (ii) Le. If M*/m and Le are a maximum then that segment is clearly
critical. However, if they are not all at the maximum (or worst) values then judgement is
needed in this case there is no equation or algorithm to determine the critical segment or
subsegment. For some cases judgement (intuition, commonsense) is sufficient, in others, it
may not be possible to intuitively predict the critical segment or segment and so member
sizes will need to be designed for several segments or subsegments and the largest designed
member used for the whole beam.
1.2 The diagram shows a steel plate girder which is subjected to a uniformly distributed concrete
floor load. The beam is attached to the column by bolted moment endplate connection. The
beam has shear studs spaced at 3.75m centres, these prevent lateral deflection of the top
flange.
Determine:
1) crosssection restraints for the beam
2) segment or subsegment lengths
3) m for each segment or subsegment
4) effective length for each segment or subsegment.
Then explain in terms of M*, Le and m which segment(s) or subsegment(s) are “critical".
The solution requires minimal calculations (no more than 2 pages)
CIVL3170 (2012) Tutorial questions Page 1
15000
1.3 The column ABC forms one leg of a twostorey frame. Roof and floor beams (360 UB 51)
are attached by flexible connections to the columns (ie. no moment transfer). The minor
beam (200 UB 30) is connected by a web side plate (flexible) connection and minor beam
310UB51 by an angle seat (flexible) connection. Roof, floor and minor beams prevent lateral
movement of the column. See page 123 of notes for representations of these connections. The
end plate is welded to the column and the base of the column is flexible about the Xaxis.
Determine:
1) crosssection restraints for the column ABC (this column is acting like a “beam” with
bending moments about its Xaxis). If this is difficult to visualise, then rotate the figure
90o such that the column is viewed as a horizontal.
2) segment or subsegment lengths for column ABC
3) effective length for each segment or subsegment.
A
3.5 m
310UB47
360 UB 51
B
4.0 m
200 UB 30
C
X X
X
. Y
Note that the deflection equation for a noncentral point load is available from most texts on
structural analysis or design eg. from Table B13 in the Steel Designers Handbook.
2. Compression and Tension Members
2.1 If the beam shown in Question 4 (Assignment 2) is subject to an axial load, determine the
effective lengths (column buckling Lex=kexLx , Ley=keyLy) for this beam.
2.2 The 150UC37 shown is part of a multistorey building structure. The same column is
continuous through the storeys above and below. The beams are rigidly attached to similar
columns at their far ends. Frame is free to sway about its x (major) axis, and is prevented
from swaying about its yaxis. Show that k f=1 for the 150UC37. Find the effective lengths of
the column and the axial design capacity for a steel grade of 300 MPa.
360UB45
(7.62m long)
4.57m
200UB30
(4.57m long)
360UB45
4.57m
200UB30
4.57m
2.3 A typical connection for a truss is shown below. The diagonal member is subject to a
maximum design tension force (N*) of 600kN. The angle is to be attached to the gusset plate
by fillet welds as shown. Check to see if 150x100x12 (connected by the long leg) Grade
300 conforms to AS4100.
3. Combined Actions
3.1 A column forms one leg of a singlestorey portal frame (see below). Sway is possible in the
plane of the frame. In the plane of the wall, the girts and the eaves beam have been braced to
prevent lateral movement of both flanges (by using flybraces). All girts have equal spacing
(1667mm). The eaves beams are flexibly connected to the web of the column. The actions
shown below are those obtained directly from a firstorder elastic analysis (with factored
permanent, imposed and wind loads). Steel is of Grade 300. Keep in mind that a UC section
is doublysymmetric.
N* = 40kN (compression)
Mmx* = 35kNm (uniform bending about the X axis outside flange in compression)
Mmy* = see BMD below.
Moment amplification factors: mx=1.04, my=1.01
Is the column safe under these design loads? Use DCT's for everything.
460UB67
7.5kNm A
B
A 150UC30
Eaves Beam
Girt
5m
C
B
Girt 12.5kNm D
Girt
D
X
Y
4. Connections
4.1 A web side plate connection for a 610UB101 is shown below. The design vertical reaction
for the 610UB101 is 200kN. Determine the size of the eight 8.8/S (i.e., high strength, snug
fit) bolts required for the connection. Check the weld, and plate and web ply in bearing
capacities.
10 mm PLATE CLEAT (GRADE 250)
8 CFW (E48XX)
35
70
310 UC 97
70 280
70
35
610 UB 101
35 70 35
610UB101
55
200 kN 200 kN
160
4.2 Provide the connection design and details for the rafter/column connection for the structure
shown in the Design Project. Design actions (acting on the left side of the member) as
obtained from a structural analysis are Mz=292kNm (counterclockwise), Shear=66.8kN
(upwards) and Axial=42kN (compression). Recall that these are member actions and so you
will need to convert these to actions acting on the connection (by simple equilibrium).
Assume the column is a 250UC90 and the rafter a 460UB82. The end plate is Grade 250 steel.
This is an outofplane loading problem. First, determine if all bolts are in tension by using
T=(P/n)My/I. This will indicate the analysis to be used: (i) if all bolts are in tension then this
eqn. is accurate, but (ii) if any bolts are in compression then the assumption based on a
bearing compression of D/6 should be used.
Use DCT’s for all aspects of this design. Note that design web capacities (including web
bearing capacities Rbb and Rby) are given in the DCT’s on pages 536 – 540.