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Problem A Rio

1. The document solves several separable differential equations by separating the variables and integrating both sides. 2. It also solves some homogeneous differential equations by making a substitution of y=zx and separating the variables. 3. Finally, it solves some exact differential equations by finding an integrating factor and integrating both sides.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
1K views28 pages

Problem A Rio

1. The document solves several separable differential equations by separating the variables and integrating both sides. 2. It also solves some homogeneous differential equations by making a substitution of y=zx and separating the variables. 3. Finally, it solves some exact differential equations by finding an integrating factor and integrating both sides.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales por variables separables.

c) (xy+x) dx=(x2y2 +x2 +y2 +1)dy; SOL. ln (x2 +1) = y2 −2y+4ln[c(y+1)]

(xy + x)dx = (x 2 y 2 + x 2 + y 2 + 1)dy

dy x y+1
=( 2 )∗( 2 )
dx x +1 y +1

y+1 x
( 2 ) dy = ( 2 ) dx
y +1 x +1

y2 + 1 x
∫ dy = ∫ 2 dx
y+1 x +1

1 1
2 ln(y + 1) + (y 2 − 2y) = ln (x 2 + 1) + c
2 2

1 1
2 ln(y + 1) + y 2 − y = ln(x 2 + 1) + c
2 2

1
2 (2 ln(y + 1) + y 2 − y) = ln(x 2 + 1) + c
2

4 ln(y + 1) + y 2 − 2y = ln(x 2 + 1) + c

4 ln[c(y + 1)] + y 2 − 2y = ln(x 2 + 1)

ln(x 2 + 1) = y 2 − 2y + 4ln[c(y + 1)]


d) xcos2 ydx+ tan ydy= 0; SOL. x2 + tan2 y=c2

xcos 2 ydx + tanydy = 0

xcos 2 ydx = −tanydy

−tanydy
xcos 2 dx =
cos2 y

−tany
∫ xdx = ∫ dy
cos 2 y

x 2 −1
= (2)tan2 (y) + c
2 2

−1
x2 = (2)tan2 (y) + c
2

x 2 + tan2 (y) = c

1 E) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Sol. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 3(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑐)

∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝑥𝑑𝑥

tan(𝑦 − 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 tan(𝑦 − 𝑦) = ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥


tan(𝑦 − 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

tan(𝑦 − 𝑦) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢

𝑐𝑜𝑠 3
3 [tan(𝑦 − 𝑦) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + + 𝑐]
𝑥3

3(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 − 𝑦) = −3𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 + 𝑐

3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 3(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝑐)

du = −sen 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1

𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 = −1

u = cos 𝑥
2. Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales Homogéneas.

y y dy y
g) [xycos (x) + x 2 sen (x)] = y 2 cos (x)
dx

Ecuación homogénea (sustituyendo y = zx, y´ = z + xz´)

y
y 2 cos (x)
y´ = y y
x 2 sen (x) + xycos (x)

z 2 cos(z)
z´x + z =
sen(z) + zcos(z)

zcos(z)
z´x =
sen(z) + zcos(z)

(sen(z) + zcos(z)) dz dx
− =
z sen(z) x

(sen(z) + zcos(z)) dz dx
∫− =∫
z sen(z) x

1
− (ln(sen2 (z) + cos 2 (z) + 2 cos(z) + 1)
2

+ ln(sen2 (z) + cos2 (z) − 2 cos(z) + 1) + 2 ln(2)) = ln|x| + c1

1 y y y
− (ln (sen2 ( ) + cos 2 ( ) + 2 cos ( ) + 1)
2 x x x

y y y
+ ln (sen2 ( ) + cos2 ( ) − 2 cos ( ) + 1) + 2 ln(y) − 2 ln(x)) = ln|x| + c1
x x x

y
y sen ( ) = c
x
3. Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales exactas

a) (y 2 cos x − 3x 2 y − 2x)dx + (2y sin x − x 3 + ln y)dy = 0 ; y(0) = e

M(x, y) = y 2 cos x − 3x 2 y − 2x

dM
= 2y cos x − 3x 2
dy

N(x, y) = 2y sin x − x 3 + ln y

dN
= 2y cos x − 3x 2
dx

∫ M(x, y)dx + g(y) = ∫(y 2 cos x − 3x 2 y − 2x)dx + g(y)

y 2 ∫ cos x dx − 3y ∫ x 2 dx − 2 ∫ x dx + g(y) =

y 2 sin x − x 3 y − x 2 + g(y)

d
∫ M(x, y) dx + g ´ (y) = N(x. y)
dy

d 2
(y sin x − x 3 y − x 2 ) + g ´ (y) = 2y sin x − x 3 − ln y
dy

2y sin x − x 3 + g ´ (y) = 2y sin x − x 3 − ln y

g ´ (y) = ln y

d
g(y) = ∫ N(x, y) dy − ∫ ∫ M(x, y) dxdy
dy

g(y) = ∫ ln y dy

g(y) = y ln y − y + c
y 2 sin x − x 3 y − x 2 + y ln y − y + c1 = c

Evaluamos y(0) = e

e2 sin 0 − 03 e − 02 + e ln e − e + c = 0

e−e+c=0

3 B) (2𝑥𝑦 3 − 4𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 3)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0

Sol. 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 𝑐

𝑎𝑀 𝑎
= (2𝑥𝑦 3 − 4𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 3) = 6𝑥𝑦 2 − 4
𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑦

𝑎𝑁 𝑎
= [3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥] = 6𝑥𝑦 2 − 4
𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑥

𝑎𝑦
= (𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦 3 − 4𝑦4𝑥 − 3
𝑎𝑥

𝑎𝑓
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(2𝑥𝑦 3 − 4𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 3)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑎𝑥

𝑎𝑓 𝑎 2 3
= [𝑥 𝑦 − 4𝑦𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑔 (𝑦)]
𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑦

𝑎𝑓
= 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥
𝑎𝑢

𝑔′ (𝑦) = 0

∫ 𝑔′ (𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 0 = 𝑔(𝑦) = 0

𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 𝑐
y 1
c) (1 − x2 ey/x ) dx + (1 + x ey/x ) dy = 0; SOL ey/x + y + x = 0

y y/x 1 y/x d
1− e + (1 + e ) (y) = 0
x2 x dx
y
M(x, y) = −ey/x x2 + 1,

1
N(x, y) = ey/x + 1
x

∂M(x, y) ∂N(x, y)
=
∂y ∂x

∂M
calcular ∶
∂y

d y d d y y/x
(1 − 2 ey/x ) = (1) + ( e )
dy x dy dy x 2

d
(1) = 0
dy

dy y y/x 1 d
( 2e )= 2 (ey/x )
dy x x dy

1 d y/x
d y/x
= ( (y)e + (e ) )
x 2 dy dy

d d y/x d u d x
(y) = 1 (e ) = (e ) ( )
dy dy du dy y

d u d y 1 d i 1
(e ) = eu ( )= (y) = ∙ 1 =
du dy x y dy x x

1 y1
=> eu => ex
x x
y
ex
=>
x

y y
1 y ex 1 y ex y
=> 2 (1 ∙ ex + y) = 2 ( ex + )
x x x x

y
y ex y y
(1 ∙ ex + x ) y ex
ex + x y
= =
x2 x2
y y y y
ex ex y xex + ex y
+ =
x x x
y y
ex + ex y y y
x ex + ex y
=> =
x2 x2 x
y y
xex + ex y
=>
x3

∂N
calcular ∶
∂X

d 1 d d 1 y/x
(1 − ey/x ) = (1) + ( e )
dx x dx dx x

d
=> (1) = 0
dx

d 1 y/x d 1 d y 1
( e ) = ( ) ey/x + (ex )
dx x dx x dx x

d 1 1 d y yey/x
( ) = − 2 , (ex ) = − 2
dx x x dx x

1 y/x y 1
=> (− 2
) e + (−y ex )
x x
y y
ex yex
= 2− 3
x x

1 y
y = x x ex + x + C1 = C2
x

1 y/x
y+ xe + x = C1
x

ey/x + x + + y = C
d) (𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑀 = (𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑦) 𝑁 = (𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑦)

𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝑁
= 1 + cos(𝑥𝑦) − 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑦) = 1 + cos(𝑥𝑦) − 𝑦𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) = ∫(𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) − 𝑦𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑑
∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔´(𝑦) = 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑑𝑦

𝑑
(𝑦𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑦𝑥)) + 𝑔´(𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦

𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑔´(𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦

𝑔´(𝑦) = 0

𝑔(𝑦) = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑦) + 0 = 𝑐
4. Encontrar el factor integrante de las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales y
resolverla como exacta.

a) 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑑𝑥) + 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑑
𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑥𝑦 (𝑦) = 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑁(𝑦) = 𝑦, 𝑀(𝑥) = −𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)


𝑑
𝑦 (𝑦) = −𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑦2
𝑦 (𝑦) = −𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥): = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑐
𝑑𝑥 2

Si 𝑁(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑀(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 Entonces ∫ 𝑁(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥)𝑑𝑥, Hasta una constante.

∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫ −𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

∫ −𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑐

𝑦²
∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = +𝑐
2

𝑦²
+ 𝑐 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
2
Sacar las constantes: ∫ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∗ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= − ∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Aplicar integración por partes: 𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑣´ = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)

= −(𝑥(− cos(𝑥)) − ∫ 1 ∗ (− cos(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥)

= −(−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − ∫ − cos(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

∫ − cos(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

∫ − cos(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Sacar la constante ∫ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∗ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Aplicar la regla de integración. ∫ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∗ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
= −(−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − (−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)))

Simplificar.

= 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
Agregar una constante a la solución.

= 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑐

𝑦²
∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = +𝑐
2

𝑦²
+ 𝑐 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑐
2

Combinar constantes.

𝑦²
= 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑐
2

Despejar y: 𝑦 = −√2 √𝑐 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥),

𝑦 = √2 √𝑐 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)

𝑦 = −√2 √𝑐 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)

√2 √𝑐 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑥(𝑥)
5. Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales Lineales.

c) 𝑦´ = 𝑥 − 2 cot(2𝑥) 𝑦

1
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 𝑐 1
2
Solución 𝑦 = + +
sin(2𝑥) sin(2𝑥) 4

2cos(2𝑥)
La ecuación es lineal: 𝑦´ + ( sin(2𝑥) ) 𝑦 = 𝑥

2cos(2𝑥)
𝑎(𝑥) = , 𝑏(𝑥) = 𝑥
sin(2𝑥)

2cos(2𝑥)
𝑦´ = (− )𝑦
sin(2𝑥)

1 2cos(2𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 = (− ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 sin(2𝑥)

1 2cos(2𝑥)
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ − 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 sin(2𝑥)

ln(𝑦) = − ln(𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥)) + 𝑐

𝐶
𝑦=
sin(2𝑥)

1
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐶(𝑥) [ ]
sin(2𝑥)

1 2cos(2𝑥)
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐶´(𝑥) [ ] + 𝐶(𝑥) [ 2 ]
sin(2𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥)

1 2 cos(2𝑥) 2 cos(2𝑥) 1
𝐶´(𝑥) [ ] + 𝐶(𝑥) [ 2
]+[ ] . 𝐶(𝑥) [ ]=𝑥
sin(2𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥) sin(2𝑥) sin(2𝑥)
𝐶(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1
𝐶(𝑥) = (sin(2𝑥) − 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥))
4
1
𝐶 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 1
2
Solución general: 𝑦(𝑥) = sin(2𝑥) − +4
sin(2𝑥)

1
𝐶 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 1
𝑦= −2 +
sin(2𝑥) sin(2𝑥) 4

𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 1sin(2𝑥)
𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥) = + +𝐶
2 4

4𝑐 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥) =
4

4𝑦 sin(2𝑥) = 𝑐 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥


g) 𝑥𝑦 ´ − 3𝑦 = 𝑥 4 sin 𝑥 considerar la estructura lineal 𝑦 ´ + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)

(𝑥𝑦 ´ − 3𝑦 = 𝑥 4 sin 𝑥)/𝑥

3
𝑦 ´ − 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 sin 𝑥
𝑥

3
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 sin 𝑥
𝑥

3 𝑑𝑥 3
𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 3 ∫ 𝑥 = 𝑒 3 ln 𝑥 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥 3

Solución

𝜇𝑦 = ∫ 𝜇 𝑞(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑥 3 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑥 3 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 3 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 6 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥3𝑦
= ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥6

𝑦
= − cos 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥3

𝑦 = 𝑥 3 (𝑐 − cos 𝑥)
h) 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 5𝑦 = 𝑥 6 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

𝑑
𝑥 (𝑦) − 5𝑦 = 𝑥 6 𝑠𝑒𝑐²(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑦 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)

∫ 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑞(𝑥)𝑑𝑥+𝑐
Solución general es: 𝑦(𝑥) =
𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Reescribir como una EDO lineal de primer orden: 𝑦 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑝(𝑥) ∗ 𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)

5
𝑝(𝑥) = − 𝑦 , 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐²(𝑥)
𝑥

𝑑 5
(𝑦) − 𝑦 = 𝑥 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐²(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

1
Hallar el factor integrante. 𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑥 5

Encontrar el factor integrante μ(x), tal que: μ(x) * p(x) = μ’(x).

5
𝑝(𝑥) = −
𝑥

𝑑 5
(𝜇(𝑥)) = 𝜇(𝑥)(− )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Dividir ambos lados entre μ(x).

𝑑 5
(𝜇(𝑥)) 𝜇(𝑥)(− )
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝜇(𝑥) 𝜇(𝑥)

𝑑
(𝜇(𝑥)) 5
𝑑𝑥 = −
𝜇(𝑥) 𝑥

𝑑
𝑑 (𝜇(𝑥))
(ln(𝜇(𝑥))) = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝜇(𝑥)

𝑑 5
(ln(𝜇(𝑥))) = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑 5 𝑒𝑐
Resolver 𝑑𝑥 (ln(𝜇(𝑥))) = − 𝑥 ; 𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑥 5

𝑑 5
𝑐=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

Si 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) entonces 𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

5
𝑙𝑛(ln(𝜇(𝑥))) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝑒𝑐
Despejar μ(x): μ(x) = 𝑥 5

ln(𝜇(𝑥)) = −5 ln(𝑥) + 𝑐
Aplicar las propiedades de los logaritmos: 𝑎 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑏 𝑎 )

𝑒𝑐
−5 ln(𝑥) + 𝑐 = ln(𝑒 −5 ln(𝑥)+𝑐 ) = ln( )
𝑥5

Verificar las soluciones en ln(𝜇(𝑥)) = −5 ln(𝑥) + 𝑐

𝑒𝑐 𝑒𝑐
Sustituir 𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 : ln (𝑥 5 ) = −5 ln(𝑥) + 𝑐

Por lo tanto, la solución final para ln(𝜇(𝑥)) = −5 ln(𝑥) + 𝑐

𝑒𝑐
𝜇(𝑥) = (𝑥 5 )

𝑒𝑐
𝜇(𝑥) = (𝑥 5 )

1
𝜇(𝑥) =
𝑥5

𝑑 1
𝜇(𝑥) ∗ 𝑦)′ = 𝜇(𝑥) ∗ 𝑞(𝑥): ( 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 5

𝑑 5
(𝑦) − 𝑦 = 𝑥 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

1
Multiplicar ambos lados por el factor de integración, 𝑥 5

1 𝑑 1 5 1 5
(𝑦) − ∗ 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)
𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 𝑥5 𝑥 𝑥5
Simplificar.

𝑑
(𝑦) 5𝑦
𝑑𝑥 − 6 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)
𝑥5 𝑥

𝑑 1
(𝑥 5 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥): 𝑦 = tan(𝑥) 𝑥 5 + 𝑐𝑥 5
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1
(𝑥 5 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

Si 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑥5

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = tan(𝑥) + 𝑐

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Aplicar la regla de integración: ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= tan(𝑥)
= tan(𝑥) + 𝑐

Despejar 𝑦: 𝑦 = tan(𝑥) 𝑥 5 + 𝑐𝑥 5

1
𝑦 = tan(𝑥) + 𝑐
𝑥5
Multiplicar por ambos lados por 𝑥 5

1
𝑦𝑥 5 = tan(𝑥) 𝑥 5 + 𝑐𝑥 5
𝑥5

𝑦 = tan(𝑥) + 𝑐

𝑦 = tan(𝑥) 𝑥 5 + 𝑐𝑥 5
6. Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales de Bernoulli.

f) 𝑦´ = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 3 𝑒 −2𝑥 ; SOL. 𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑦 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑐)

𝑦´ − 𝑦 = −𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑦 3 𝑢 = 𝑦 1−𝑛 𝑛=3

3 1 1
1 1
− 2 𝑢−2 𝑢1 − 𝑢−2 = −𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 (𝑢−2 )3 𝑢 = 𝑦 −2 = 𝑦 2

3 3 1 3
1
−2𝑢2 (− 2 𝑢−2 𝑢1 − 𝑢−2 = −𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑢−2 ) 𝑦2𝑢 = 1

1
𝑢1 + 2𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑦2 = 𝑢

1
1
𝑢𝑒 2𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 (𝑒 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 𝑦 = √𝑢 = √𝑢−1 = 𝑢−2

3
1
𝑢𝑒 2𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑦´ = − 2 𝑢−2 𝑢1

2𝑥 2
𝑢𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑝(𝑥) = 2
2

𝑢𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐 𝑞(𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥

1
𝑢 = 𝑦2 𝑦𝑀 = ∫ 𝑞𝑀 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐 𝑀 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦2

𝑒 2𝑥 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑐)𝑦 2

𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑦 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑐)
1
I) (2 sen 𝑥)𝑦´ + 𝑦 cos 𝑥 = 𝑦 3 (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥); 𝑠𝑜𝑙. 𝑦 2 = 𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥

𝑑
2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑥) (𝑦) + cos(𝑥) = 𝑦 3 (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥))
𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥) 1
cot(𝑥) 𝑦 + (𝑦) + cos(𝑥) = 𝑦 3 ( − )
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 2

1 𝑑 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥) 1
(𝑦) 𝑦 3
2 cot(𝑥) 𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 −2
= 2
𝑦3 𝑦3 𝑦3

𝑑
(𝑦) cot(𝑥) 1 1
𝑑𝑥 + = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥) −
𝑦 3 2𝑦 2 2 2

𝑑
(𝑦) 1 1 1
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥) 𝑢 (𝑥) = 𝑥 cot(𝑥) −
𝑦3 2 2 2

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑦 −2 ) = (𝑢−2 ) (𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

2𝑑
2 𝑑 (𝑦)
= (− 3 ) (𝑦) = − 𝑑𝑥 3
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑦

1 𝑑 1 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥) 1
(𝑣(𝑥)) + cot(𝑥)𝑣 (𝑥) = −
−2 𝑑𝑥 2 2 2

𝑑
1 (𝑣(𝑥)) 1 1
𝑣(𝑥) cot(𝑥) − 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 cot(𝑥) −
2 2 2 2

𝑑
(𝑣(𝑥)) − cot(𝑥) 𝑣 (𝑥) = 𝑥 (− cot(𝑥)) + 1
𝑑𝑥

1
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑢 (𝑥) = Sen(x)
𝑑
(𝑀(𝑥)) = 𝑀(𝑥)(− cot(𝑥))
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
(𝑀(𝑥)) 𝑀(𝑥)(− cot(𝑥))
𝑑𝑥 =
𝑀(𝑥) 𝑀(𝑥)

𝑑
(𝑀(𝑥)) 𝑑
𝑑𝑥 = − cot(𝑥) → (ln(𝑢(𝑥))) = − cot(𝑥)
𝑀(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

ln(𝑢(𝑥)) = ∫ − cot(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

=> ln(𝑢(𝑥)) = − ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)) + 𝑐

𝑒 1
=> 𝑢 (𝑥) => 𝑢 (𝑥)
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)

𝑑
(𝑣(𝑥)) − cot(𝑥) 𝑣 (𝑥) = 𝑥(− cot(𝑥)) + 1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 1 1
( 𝑣(𝑥)) = −𝑥 cot(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)

1 1
𝑣 (𝑥) = ∫ − 𝑥 1/𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) cot(𝑥)
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)

1
𝑣(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐(𝑥) + 𝐶
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)

=> 𝑣(𝑥) = csc(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑥) + 𝐶 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑥)

𝑦 −2 = 𝑥 csc(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑥)

1
𝑦=
√𝐶 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑥) + 𝑥

1
= 𝐶 sen (x) + x
𝑦2

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