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BUIL6250 1805 Tutorial Week 15 Solution

This document provides information and questions for a tutorial on analyzing and designing foundations and footings. It includes a soil profile for a construction site with piles being driven through fill and into dense sand. It asks students to determine the safe load capacity of a single pile and capacity of a group of four piles considering skin and end bearing resistance of different soil layers using provided properties and formulas. The document provides the relevant formulas, soil properties, and diagrams to complete the given design problems.

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Nita Nabanita
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
138 views

BUIL6250 1805 Tutorial Week 15 Solution

This document provides information and questions for a tutorial on analyzing and designing foundations and footings. It includes a soil profile for a construction site with piles being driven through fill and into dense sand. It asks students to determine the safe load capacity of a single pile and capacity of a group of four piles considering skin and end bearing resistance of different soil layers using provided properties and formulas. The document provides the relevant formulas, soil properties, and diagrams to complete the given design problems.

Uploaded by

Nita Nabanita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL ENGINEERING, HEALTH AND SCIENCES

BUIL6250 – ANALYSE AND DESIGN FOUNDATIONS AND FOOTINGS, SEMESTER 1, 2018

WEEK 15 (May 21 – May 25, 2018) TUTORIAL

DUE DATE: Friday, June 01, 2018 (complete, get signed by the teacher and submit on CANVAS)

PROBLEM 1
A housing estate is to be located on a site adjacent to a river. Because of problems with periodic flooding,
the developer will be raising the level of the site by placing 3 m of granular fill over the entire area.

Immediately after placing the fill, it is planned to drive 500 mm diameter concrete piles through the fill and to
found the piles 2 m into the dense sand which lies 8m below the current land surface. Refer to Figure 1 below
for details.

Top of the proposed fill


Concrete Pile

3m Existing ground level PROPOSED FILL

2m Water table
CLAY

8m

2m DENSE SAND

Figure 1: Soil profile at a construction site

Properties of various soils layers are given in Table 1 in page 2. Based on the information presented, answer
the given questions.

| Semester 1, 2018 | BUIL6250 - Week 15 Tutorial | | Page 1 of 7 |


SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL ENGINEERING, HEALTH AND SCIENCES

Table 1: Properties of the soil layers

𝒌𝑵𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝟑 𝜹 𝑲𝒔
Soil layer 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝜸𝒅𝒓𝒚 𝑪𝒖 (kPa) ∅ 𝜶
𝒎 𝒎 ∅ 𝑲𝟎
Proposed Not
17 15 0 250 0.9 1.5
sand fill applicable
Not Not
Clay 18 16 60 00 0.6
applicable applicable
Not
Dense sand 19 17 0 350 1 2.0
applicable

Use 𝜔 = 1.0 for the clay layer

A. Determine the safe load bearing capacity of a single pile using a factor of safety of 3 on both the skin
friction and end bearing resistance.

𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐋𝐋
Q s1 = fs As = [K s σ′v tan(δ)] × As
KS
= 1.5 → K S = 1.5 × K 0 = 1.5 × [1 − sin(∅)] = 1.5 × [1 − sin(250 )] = 0.87
K0
δ
= 0.9 → δ = 0.9 × ∅0 = 0.9 × 250 = 22.50
∅
σ′v = 1.5 × 15 = 22.5 kPa
As = π × 0.5 × 3.0 = 4.71 m2

𝐐𝐬𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕 × 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 ) × 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏


= 𝟑𝟖. 𝟏𝟗 𝐤𝐍 (𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐝𝐮𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐧𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐤𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧)

𝐍𝐎𝐓𝐄: Since this granular layer is a recent fill, it will move downward creating negative
skin friction and putting additional load on the pile.

| Semester 1, 2018 | BUIL6250 - Week 15 Tutorial | | Page 2 of 7 |



SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL ENGINEERING, HEALTH AND SCIENCES

𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐘 𝐋𝐀𝐘𝐄𝐑
Q s2 = ca × As = [αCu ] × πDL = [0.6 × 60] × π × 0.5 × 8 = 452.16 kN (acting upward)

𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐒𝐄 𝐒𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐋𝐀𝐘𝐄𝐑


𝐒𝐤𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Q s1 = fs As = [K s σ′v tan(δ)] × As
KS
= 2 → K S = 2 × K 0 = 2 × [1 − sin(∅)] = 2 × [1 − sin(350 )] = 0.85
K0
δ
= 1 → δ = 1 × ∅0 = 1 × 350 = 350
∅
σ′V = [{(3 x 15) + (2 × 16) + (6 x 18) + (1 x 19)} − (7 x 10)] = 134 kPa
As = π × 0.5 × 2.0 = 3.14 m2
𝐐𝐬𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟏𝟑𝟒 × 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟑𝟓𝟎 ) × 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟒𝟑 𝐤𝐍 (𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐩𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐝)

𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
Q b = qb × Ab = σ′v (Nq − 1) × Ab
σ′V = [{(3 x 15) + (2 × 16) + (6 x 18) + (2 x 19)} − (8 x 10)] = 143 kPa
Nq = 55 (from figure)
𝟎. 𝟓𝟐
𝐐𝐛 = 𝟏𝟒𝟑 × (𝟓𝟓 − 𝟏) × 𝛑 × = 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟓. 𝟒𝟒 𝐤𝐍 (𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐩𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐝)
𝟒

| Semester 1, 2018 | BUIL6250 - Week 15 Tutorial | | Page 3 of 7 |


SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL ENGINEERING, HEALTH AND SCIENCES

𝐂𝐀𝐏𝐀𝐂𝐈𝐓𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐄 𝐏𝐈𝐋𝐄


Let the total net column load that can be applied on a single pile = P kN

Then total load applied on every single pile


= P + negative skin friction from recent fill = P + 38.19 kN

𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐲 𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫 =
Skin friction from clay layer +
skin friction from dense sand layer +
base resistance in the dense sand layer

= 𝟒𝟓𝟐. 𝟏𝟔 𝐤𝐍 + 𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟒𝟑 𝐤𝐍 + 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟓. 𝟒𝟒 𝐤𝐍 = 𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟖. 𝟎𝟑 𝐤𝐍

2218.03
∴ = P + 38.19
Factor of safety
𝐏 = 𝟕𝟎𝟏. 𝟏𝟓 𝐤𝐍

| Semester 1, 2018 | BUIL6250 - Week 15 Tutorial | | Page 4 of 7 |


SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL ENGINEERING, HEALTH AND SCIENCES

B. Determine the capacity of a group of four of the above piles when the piles are installed at a center-to-
center spacing of 1.5 m (refer to Figure 2 below for details of the arrangement of the piles in the group).

1500 mm

1500 mm
Figure 2: Plan view of the pile group

𝐂𝐀𝐏𝐀𝐂𝐈𝐓𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐈𝐋𝐄 𝐆𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐏

θ[(n−1)m+(m−1)n]
Efficiency of the pile group, E = 1 − [90×m×n]

d 500
θ = tan−1 = tan−1 = 18.430
s 1500

18.43[(2 − 1)2 + (2 − 1)2]


E=1− = 0.8
[90 × 2 × 2]
∴ 𝐂𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩 𝐨𝐟 𝟒 𝐩𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬 = 𝟎. 𝟖 × (𝟒 × 𝟕𝟎𝟏. 𝟏𝟓 𝐤𝐍) = 𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟔𝟖 𝐤𝐍

| Semester 1, 2018 | BUIL6250 - Week 15 Tutorial | | Page 5 of 7 |


SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL ENGINEERING, HEALTH AND SCIENCES

| Semester 1, 2018 | BUIL6250 - Week 15 Tutorial | | Page 6 of 7 |


SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL ENGINEERING, HEALTH AND SCIENCES

USEFUL FORMULAS AND FIGURE


FOR SAND, FOR CLAY,
𝑓𝑠 = 𝐾𝑠 𝜎𝑣′ tan(𝛿) 𝑞𝑏 = 𝜔𝑁𝐶 𝐶𝑢𝑏
𝑞𝑏 = 𝜎𝑣′ (𝑁𝑞 − 1) 𝐶𝑎 = 𝛼𝐶𝑢

θ[(n − 1)m + (m − 1)n] 𝐾0 = 1 − sin(∅)


E= 1−
[90 × m × n]

𝐶𝑎 = Ultimate unit skin friction in clay 𝑁𝐶 and 𝑁𝑞 = Bearing capacity factors


𝐶𝑢 = Undrained cohesion of clay 𝑞𝑏 = Ultimate unit base resistance
𝐶𝑢𝑏 = Undrained cohesion of clay at the base of the pile s = Centre-to-center spacing of piles
d= Diameter of the pile 𝛼 = Adhesion factor in clay
E = Efficiency of the pile group ∅ = Friction angle of soil
𝐾0 = Coefficient of earth pressure at rest 𝜎𝑣′ = Vertical effective stress
𝐾𝑠 = Earth pressure coefficient at the pile soil interface 𝜔 = Reduction factor for base resistance in clay
m = no. of pile rows d
n = no. of piles in a row θ = tan−1
s

| Semester 1, 2018 | BUIL6250 - Week 15 Tutorial | | Page 7 of 7 |

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