Making Sense of Pump

Testing Standards:
How understanding standards
can impact the bottom line

Simon Bradshaw Stan Knecht

Director, API Product Director, Product Marketing
Development & Technology ITT Goulds Pumps
ITT Goulds Pumps

October 22, 2013

Agenda

• Overview of new testing standards used in the market today

• Testing tolerances: Why they’re needed and how they work

• Understanding how tolerances impact the product received and plant

operating performance

• Which performance standards to specify, and how

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Overview:ANSI/HI 14.6-2011

• The ANSI/HI Standard 14.6-2011

is intended to be used for
centrifugal pump acceptance
testing at recognized pump test
facilities (i.e., a manufacturer’s
facility or test laboratory).

• HI 14.6-2011 is available for

download at www.pumps.org.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Why Do We Need Tolerances?
• There is no such thing as a perfect cast or machined part. Everything is
subject to some variation.

• The combination of variations in the pump impeller, pump casing and

overall assembly yield a scatter in performance.

• The test loop components and

instrumentation introduce further
variability and scatter.

• The scatter can be reduced by

better manufacturing techniques
(i.e., investment cast impellers
instead of sand cast ones).

• Better manufacturing and test

techniques typically cost more.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Hydraulic Institute, API And ISO Pump
Performance Standards
• HI 14.6-2011 “American National Standard for Rotodynamic Pumps
for Hydraulic Performance Acceptance Tests”* (supersedes HI 1.6
and 2.6)

• API 610 11th edition

• ISO 9906-2012 “Rotodynamic pumps – Hydraulic performance

acceptance tests”*

• The direction is toward one worldwide standard for pump acceptance

testing.

*In practice HI 14.6-2011 ~ ISO 9906-2012 with common acceptance criteria

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Previous Testing Standards

• HI Standard 1.6-2000 (for centrifugal pumps) had two acceptance levels:

Level A: (default level) At a rated head or rated flow (not both), it allowed for a
positive tolerance for head, flow and efficiency, but no negative tolerance.
Level B: At a rated head or rated flow (not both), it allowed for a positive and
negative tolerance for head, flow and efficiency.

• HI Standard 2.6 (for vertical pumps) had an acceptance standard the same
sas Level A.

• ISO 9906-1999 had two acceptance levels:

Grade 1 and Grade 2
Both had bilateral tolerances for rated head or rated flow and allowed a
negative tolerance on efficiency.

• All the above standards are withdrawn and considered obsolete.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Other Pump Testing Standards You May Encounter

• ASME PTC 8.2: Mainly used on

testing of larger pumps for power
station application

• DIN 1944: Obsolete and replaced

by ISO 9906

• ISO 2548: Withdrawn and replaced

by ISO 9906

• ISO 3555: Withdrawn and replaced

by ISO 9906

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
HI 14.6-2011 & ISO 9906-2012(E)

Grade Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

∆tQ 10% 16% 18%
Test Guarantee
Parameter Requirement ∆tH 6% 10% 14%
Acceptance Grade
Symbol 1B 1E 1U 2B 2U 3B
Rate of
Mandatory tQ (%) ± 5% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 8% 0% to +16% ± 9%
Flow
Total
Mandatory tH (%) ± 3% ± 3% 0% to +6% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 7%
Head

Powera tP (%) +4% +4% +10% +8% +16% +9%

Optional
(either/or)
Efficiencya t (%) -3% -0% -0% -5% -5% -7%

• The power and efficiency tolerances are not the result of an exact calculation using
the maximum values of a related column. They are instead reflecting real life
experience. For grade 1E and 1U, no negative tolerance on efficiency is allowed.
• Note: All tolerances are percentages of values guaranteed.
• Unless agreed upon with the buyer, any other specified duty points are subject
to acceptance grade 3B.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
 HI 1.6-2000 level A to HI 14.6-2011 1U
Pump ft < 200 < 200 200 to 500 >500 • The old level A is converted to Grade
rated Head (m) (<60) (<60) (60 to 150) (>150)
Pump gpm 0 to 2999 >=3000
1U.
All All
rated Flow (m3/h) (0 to 680) (>=681)
• The acceptance bands currently don’t
Total Head tH (%) 0% to +8% 0% to +5% 0% to +5% 0% to +3%
change with rated head or flow.
Rate of
tQ (%) 0% to +10%
Flow • You can now specify either a power or
Efficiency t (%) -0% efficiency tolerance – not both.

Grade Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3

∆tQ 10% 16% 18%
Test Guarantee
Parameter Requirement ∆tH 6% 10% 14%
Acceptance Grade
Symbol 1B 1E 1U 2B 2U 3B
Rate of
Mandatory tQ (%) ± 5% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 8% 0% to +16% ± 9%
Flow
Total
Mandatory tH (%) ± 3% ± 3% 0% to +6% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 7%
Head

Powera tP (%) +4% +4% +10% +8% +16% +9%

Optional
(either/or)
Efficiencya t (%) -3% -0% - 0% -5% -5% -7%

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
 HI 1.6-2000 level B to HI 14.6-2011
Pump ft < 200 < 200 200 to 500 >500 • There is no close equivalent of Level B
rated Head (m) (<60) (<60) (60 to 150) (>150)
Pump gpm 0 to 2999 >=3000
in the new standard.
All
rated Flow (m3/h) (0 to 680) (>=681)

Total Head tH (%) -3% to +5% 0% to +3%

• You need to pick the grade that best
Rate of
tQ (%) -5% to +5% meets your needs.
Flow

Efficiency t (%) - 100/[(120/ηp)-0.2]%

??
Grade Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
∆tQ 10% 16% 18%
Test Guarantee
Parameter Requirement ∆tH 6% 10% 14%
Acceptance Grade
Symbol 1B 1E 1U 2B 2U 3B
Rate of
Mandatory tQ (%) ± 5% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 8% 0% to +16% ± 9%
Flow
Total
Mandatory tH (%) ± 3% ± 3% 0% to +6% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 7%
Head

Powera tP (%) +4% +4% +10% +8% +16% +9%

Optional
(either/or)
Efficiencya t (%) -3% -0% - 0% -5% -5% -7%

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
 ISO 9906-1999 to HI 14.6-2011/ISO 9906-2012

Grade 1 Grade 2 • The old Grade 1 is now Grade 1B, with

a rounding of the head tolerance.
Total Head tH (%) ± 3% Total Head tH (%) ± 5%
Rate of Rate of
tQ (%) ± 4.5% tQ (%) ± 8%
Flow Flow • The old Grade 2 is now Grade 2B.
Efficiency t (%) -3% Efficiency t (%) -5%

• You can now specify either a power

or efficiency tolerance – not both.
Grade Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
∆tQ 10% 16% 18%
Test Guarantee
Parameter Requirement ∆tH 6% 10% 14%
Acceptance Grade
Symbol 1B 1E 1U 2B 2U 3B
Rate of
Mandatory tQ (%) ± 5% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 8% 0% to +16% ± 9%
Flow
Total
Mandatory tH (%) ± 3% ± 3% 0% to +6% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 7%
Head

Powera tP (%) +4% +4% +10% +8% +16% +9%

Optional
(either/or)
Efficiencya t (%) -3% -0% - 0% -5% -5% -7%

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
 API 610 8th-10th / 11th edition
API 610 8th, 9th, 10th Edition
• API 610 8th through 10th edition had
Pump rated ft < 500 501 to 1000 > 1000 distinct tolerances.
Head (m) (<150) (151 to 300) (> 300)

Total Head tH (%) -2% to +5% -2% to +3% -2% to +2%

-10% to
• API 610 11th edition is functionally
Shutoff Head tHS (%) +10%
-8% to +8% -5% to +5% equivalent to HI 14.6-2011and ISO
Power tP (%) +4%
9906-2012 Grade 1B, with an added
test point for shutoff head.

• API 610 does not have a rated flow

API 610 11th Edition
tolerance, making it unsuitable for
Pump rated ft <=250 >250 to 1000 > 1000 testing high specific speed pumps.
Head (m) (<=75) (>75 to 300) (> 300)

Total Head tH (%) -3% to +3%

-10% to
• API 610 does not have any guarantee
Shutoff Head tHS (%) +10%
-8% to +8% -5% to +5% of efficiency (only power), making it
unsuitable for efficiency-critical
Power tP (%) +4%
applications.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
 HI 14.6-2011 Recommended Default Acceptance
Grade Based On Purchaser's Intended Service
Default acceptance grade based on purchaser's intended service
Rated shaft power of pump • Both HI 14.6 and ISO 9906 set a
Application >10 to 100kW >100kW
(13 to 134 hp) (134 hp) default test tolerance when it is not
Municipal water defined by the purchaser.
and wastewater 2B 1B
Building trades and
HVAC 2B 1B • The default tolerance may not be
Electric power sufficient for your process.
industry 1B 1B
API pumps 1B 1B
Oil and gas industry Pipeline 1B 1B
• It is important that you actively review
Water injection Not applicable 1B what tolerance you require.
Chemical industry 2B 2B
Cooling tower 2B 2B
Pulp and paper 2B 2B
Slurry 3B 3B
General industry 3B 2B
Dewatering,
drainage and
irrigation 3B 2B
Pumps not listed
above 3B 2B
Note: This table applies where a guarantee point has been agreed
upon, but no tolerance standard has been specified.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
 ITT Default Performance Standards

ISO 5199 Vertical Double

ANSI Process Large Multi- Slurry Axial
Category Process Turbine/ Suction API
Pump Process stage Pumps Flow
Pump Can Pump

3196, 3796, 3410, 3700,3910

XHD,5500,
CV3196 3180/85, IC, ICP VIT 3355, 3409, 3620,
Model SRL, JC, AF
LF3196 3175 ICM VIC 3393 3420, 3600,
VJC
3996, 3298 3498 7200

ITT 1U API 610

1B 2B 1B 1B 2B API 610 2B
Default (1B future) 11th Ed/
(HI 14.6) (ISO 9906) (HI 14.6) (HI 14.6) (HI 14.6) 11th Ed. (HI 14.6)
Std (HI 14.6) 1B/2B

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Make Sure You Understand What Is Being
Quoted To You By Your Supplier
• If you have not specified any performance criteria, what
is the supplier standard ?

• This should be identified either in the supplier proposal

or on the performance curve submitted with the bid.

• This is a critical question to ask, whether you are

purchasing a performance test or not.

• Note: It is common practice in the pump industry that all

pumps are not performance tested as standard. Many
pump manufacturers can rely on historical test data to
assure pump performance quality.

• However, all industrial pumps are pressure tested as

standard to ensure safety and structural integrity.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Typical Pump Proposal Datasheet

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Curve Drawn To HI 14.6-2011 1U Tolerance Standard

Curve says 87% efficiency…

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…if there’s no negative efficiency tolerance.
Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Curve Drawn To HI 14.6-2011 1U Tolerance Standard

• The HQ curve must pass

through at least one of the
red lines representing the
flow and head tolerance.

• The power curve must

pass through the vertical
red line representing the
power tolerance.

OR

• The efficiency curve must

pass through the vertical
red line representing the
efficiency tolerance.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Curve Drawn To ISO Grade 2B Tolerance Standard

Curve could say 90.5% efficiency…

…if there’s a negative efficiency tolerance allowed by standard used. 19
Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Curve Drawn To ISO Grade 2B Tolerance Standard

• The HQ curve must

pass through at least
one of the red lines
representing the flow
and head tolerance.

• The power curve must

pass through the
vertical red line
representing the power
tolerance.

OR

• The efficiency curve

must pass through the
vertical red line
representing the
efficiency tolerance.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Life Cycle Cost Impact Of Higher Power
www.realgouldsparts.com/calculators-apps

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Other Pump Tests That May Be Specified

ISO 9906- API 610 11th ISO 9908, 5199, ISO 3740,
Type of Test HI 14.6-2011 HI 9.6.4-2009
2012(E) Edition 9905 3744, 3746
Hydrostatic
P, A P, A
Test
NPSH Test P, A P, A P, A

Vibration Test P, A P, A P, A
Sound Level
P P
(Noise) Test
Mechanical
P, A P, A
Run Test
String Test P

P = Test procedure is defined

A = Acceptance level is defined

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Key Takeaways

• New pump performance standards

from both HI and ISO have been
aligned to make it easier to specify
reliable and predictable pump
performance on a global basis.

• It’s important to understand what

performance will be provided if no
pump performance is specified–default standards can apply.

• Most performance standards allow for bi-lateral tolerance, which can impact life
cycle costs, as well as system performance.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Questions?

For more information, contact:

ITT Goulds Pumps
[email protected]

A recording of this presentation will be

available on www.gouldspumps.com after
Friday, October 25th.

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Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line