UNIT Introduction 1. Work in pairs or small groups. Look at the photographs which show different modem media, Discuss these questions. a How effective is each medium in communicating information and ideas? b Do you use all these media? © Which newspapers do you read? What is your definition of a ‘good newspaper’? 4d What are your favourite radio and TV programmes? © How often do you use the Intemet? What are your main reasons for using it? 2 Read and discuss what people have said about the media, How far do you agree or disagree with each statement? 3. Discuss these questions. a How do people regard the media in your country? How could it be improved? b How do you think new technological developments will change the media in the future? MEDIA UNITS 101___ Listening Lead in 1. Do you use the Internet? Make a list of things you can do on the Internet. You may be able to make | ~wemetven "wresenos use of some of these words and phrases. chat room: to download MP3: online search engine to surf website Seas | bth Multiple matching 2 You will hear five people talking about how they use the Internet. For questions 1-5, choose which main use A-F each speaker describes. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter you do not need to use asa way of contacting old friends Speaker | asa source of up-to-date information Speaker 2 as a way of making new friends asa source of free entertainment : for keeping in touch with people Speaker 4 for buying things unavailable from other places Speaker [_] Speaker 3 amooe> IEEE QE How do you think the internet will develop during the next fifty years in relation to these areas? Ds ertersirnent work smoney «oles + pesonal communications YOU whet dangers or problems could be associated with these future developments? 102 UNIT® MEDIA____ Grammar and practice Reporting statements 1. Read these reported statements. What words did the speakers actually use in each case? a My friends all said it was really easy to use, b Most of the music shops in town said they'd never even heard of the band. ¢ [said Fd go and visit her next year if could d They say they're losing sales because people like me aren’t buying as many CDs. 2. Answer these questions. a What usually happens to verb tenses in reported speech? b How is sentence Id grammatically different from the other three sentences? How does this difference affect the meaning? 3. Report these statements made by some other people on the programme. a ‘Te stopped getting a daily paper’ b ‘I'm having regular chats with my older brother who's in Thailand’ ¢ ‘I've even met one of them who still lives quite near here’ {GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 184 > Reporting questions 4 Read these examples of reported questions. What other changes, in addition to verb tense changes, do we need to make when we report questions? a ‘Have you got the CD in stock?” Mick asked if they had the CD in stock. b ‘When did you order the new CD? ‘My friend asked me when I had ordered the Cb. 5 When do we use if in reported questions? What other word could we use instead of if in 4a above? 6 Report these questions. a ‘Are you on email?” the girl asked him. ‘Do you use the Internet?’ Val asked Rob. ‘How long have you been interested in jazz?" Nick asked me. 4d ‘Which of your old schoo! friends did you contact, Sharon? Rachel asked © ‘Would you like to contact people you were at school with?’ Julie asked ‘Tim, “(GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 125 > Time references 7 The sentence below can be reported in two ways What is the difference in meaning between sentence a and sentence b? ‘Il see you tomorrow, Lizzie told Graham, a Lizzie told Graham she would see him the next day: b Lizzie told Graham she would see him tomorrow. 8 How could we change the following time references in reported speech? next week tomorrow next month today last week three days ago yesterday 4 GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 185 > Other references 9 What other references may change when we report speech? Look at these examples. a ‘Do you think this meat is all right” Terry asked his wife. ‘Terry asked his wife if she thought the meat was all right. b ‘Shall we eat here?” Carol asked Denise, Carol asked Denise if they should eat there. 10 Report these sentences, making all necessary changes. a ‘Does this work have to be finished today, Mr Hunt?’ Marsha asked. b ‘Were there any phone calls for me yesterday?” asked Mr Gilbert © "This car was stolen two weeks ago; the police officer informed Ian. 4 ‘Twrote to her last week, and I phoned this morning,’ Dorothy said € ‘Tve arranged to meet them after lunch tomorrow, Matthew said MEDIA UNITS 103Reporting functions Key word transformations 104 UNITS MEDIA " 12 13 Read sentences ah and answer questions 1-4, She told Bob she was leaving the next day. She fold Bob to leave her alone. She asked Bob why he had done it. She asked Bob to leave his keys. She warmed Bob not to try and get in touch Alan advised Bob to try and forget her. She suggested talking it over. ‘They suggested that we should leave. ma nnans How is the structure after tell different in sentences difference in meaning? How is the structure after ask different in sentences ¢ and d? What is the difference in meaning? 3. What structure is used after warn and advise in sentences ¢ and 4 What structures can be used after suggest? and b? What is the “© GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 185 Rewrite sentences a-h above in direct speech Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 ‘You'd better not swim there. It’s dangerous? the man told us. warmed ‘The man _____ there because it was dangerous. ‘I wouldn't buy Dave a book if I were you, Pete, said Laura. advised Laura —____ Dave a book. “Take that chewing gum out, Claire!’ the teacher said told The teacher ____ the chewing gum out of her mouth ‘Can you speak Spanish, John?” asked Marie. asked Marie ___ speak Spanish. 5 ‘Tl pick you up from work if you like, Tracy, offered Jason from work. 6 ‘See you after class, Angie!’ said Mike said Mike —____ Angie after classLead in 1. How do you react to advertisements on television? Do you enjoy watching them? Do you change channel? Do you do something else while the adverts are on? 2 Can you think ofa current TV advertisement which has particularly impressed you, perhaps because itis funny or shocking in some way? Long turn 3 Work in pairs Student A Compare advertisements 1 and 2. Say which of the two you think will attract more attention. Remember you have to speak for about a minute Student B- When your partner has finished speaking, answer this question: What do you think of advertisements on television? Which advert do you think will atract more attention? ‘What do you think the main purpose of advertising is? tip! 4 Work in pairs. tn Far 2 f the Speatng Student B_ Compare advertisements 3 and 4. Say paper when you ae na what you think the main ied tre eoree a purpose of advertising is. Remember you have to speak for about listen to what your partner a minute. is saying, You wil be asked Student A When your partner has finished speaking, answer this question: lteter ecto Have you ever been persuaded to buy anything after seeing an Finished speaking. advertisement? Look at the four advertisements again. over to you What kind of person do you think each advertisement is appealing to? What technique does each advertisement use to sell its product? MEDIA UNIT 105—— Vocabulary Compound nouns 1. Many compound nouns ate formed from these combinations: verb + preposition preposition + verb How are these compound nouns formed? bookcase breakdown checkout credit card input lunch-time music shop 2 Underline six compound nouns in this text. How many of each type are there? No news is good news 306 UNIT® MEDIA 3 Use a noun from each list to make compound nouns which describe jobs. computer assistant news lecturer shop programmer television reader university reporter 4. Use a notin from each list to make compound nouns which are related to computers and the Internet. disk board key drive mouse engine search mat web site 5 Usea word from each list to make compound nouns with meanings a-e. break break lipstick is an example of this by down b the sudden start ofa disease ora war make off, ¢ whena plane leaves the ground out pass d_aroad which takes traffic round a town or city take up € failure of a marriage6 Use a noun from each list to make compound nouns which are related to mobile phones. key book mail pad phone tone ring saver sereen message text box Word formation 7 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line, There is an example at the beginning. John Simpson — Still doing crazy things Why shoul |, at an age when °-seasiéla people are starting to think SENSE ‘about their |____, want to go on doing crazy things? Why am I RETIRE siill standing on foreign pavements, arguing with gunmen and?__? RIOT 3 not because | have to, As the head of the BBC's foreign CERTAIN reporting, | can do what I want. | have a office atTelevision PLEASE Centre filled with producers and correspondents who are 5. PERSON fiends. | could exist perfectly well on 2 diet of intesmational summit =, MEET conferences and”. I could stay at decent hotels, eat at ELECT ‘easonable hours, plan my social fo and never again sot PROPER foot in___ parts of the word, I could also go mad, That kind DANGER Of life ~ safe, © and easy - would bore me to death, PREDICT1 Before you read the article below about MP3 players, discuss these questions. a How do you listen to music? On the radio, the TV, a Walkman, a CD. player, the Internet, or an MP3 player? Which of these do you prefer? b How are MP3 players ifferent from other music-playing equipment? 2. Read the article below. Seven sentences have been removed from the article, Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. Welcome to the iPod generation Today itis not uncommon to see people -for all know, you right even be one of them - who live and walk about with wihite,biack, blue or pink wires hanging from their ears wherever they go. They move about in their personal bubbles, sometimes unaware of what's happening around them. 1 Outside life is shut out. Sometimes righty so, for environmental distractions can easily prevent them from concentrating on something really important. Of course it doesn't have to be an actual Pod; it could be one ofthe other MP3 players on the rmarket. So are you one of ‘them? Or, should I say one of us? 2 For introverts like me, walking around in our own personal boubble is perfect. 5 What's even better, wearing carphanes seems to give a signal to people which says:"Do not disturb Im enjoying myself and am not available for cating at the moment!’ If, for example, 'm strolling along a busy street, and | see someone I'd rather not talk to, | can simply stare into space and pretend | haven't seen them. 4 OF course, I don't ike being on the receiving end of this anti-social treatment, but | can't complain. ‘Now imagine ths situation: you're at work and about to make ‘an ineredible scientific breakthrough, ar you have just come up with an idea that will save the company millions, and your boss suddenly turns up. 5___ Listening to musie through earphones is the perfect way to ignore such interruptions. Once again, those white, black, blue or pink wires dangling from your ears would be sure to give that ‘Go away! signal 108 UNIT MEDIA G I's probably part of the growing up stage when ‘they just want to ignore their whole family. Instead of covering ‘their ears and screaming "Yada, yada, yada ..” while their mother gives them a lecture about how they should do their homework first before playing their brand new computer game, they can just turn up the volume on their MP3 player, smile, and say "Yes Mum. Of course, Mum: Problem solved. Pretty soan, not only will we have pretty coloured wires dangling from our ears ~ even better, our brains will be directly plugged into some new high-tech device, and well be ina Virtual world, interacting with everyone else or choosing not 0,25 we like. 7 The truth is that our devices are changing so quickly, and invading our personal lives at such an, alarming rate, that they are changing our social habits along the way. Inthe end, there isa thin line between using technology asa ‘tool for making life easier and better and being a slave to it It's so strange ~ suddenly, I dor't fee! like wearing my earphones anymore!So and such A After all, Iam listening to my favourite music and would rather not be disturbed by pointless chit-chat. B At this precise moment, the slightest disturbance would break your concentration and that magic moment might be lost forever. C Talso have wires dangling from my ears D Inthe home situation, teenagers love the dangling wires. E In this world, there will be no actual physical ‘play’ because we will all be permanently plugged in. F The term ‘iPod’ is closely related to ‘MP3 player’ because iPods were one of the first such devices on the market. 6 They walk around in their own, artificial personal spaces, with their personal ‘digital noise reduction systems.” H_ We don’t have to deal with noise from other people or from the environment, over to you Do you and your friends listen to music on an MP3 player? Do you ever behave in the way the writer of the article suggests ~ because you are listening to music? How do you think this technology will develop in the future? How will these developments affect people's behaviour? inoring people What do these extracts from the art a Listening to music through earphones is the perfect way to ignore such interruptions. b The truth is that our devices are changing so quickly, and invading our personal lives at such an alarming rate, that they are changing .. ¢ Its so strange ~ suddenly, I don’t feel like wearing my earphones anymore! show about the use of so and such? Which of these words and phrases can follow so and which can follow such? alot of people few-cars hot weather little insects little time many people much money _tall trees h so or such. exciting that I couldn't get to sleep afterwards b [dno idea that it was an interesting film. © [ve never seen few people in town, d_ Why are you behaving aggressively? a lot of dayetime TV programmes are cheap and badly made. Complete these sentences a That concert was MEDIA UNITS 109)___ Writing Discursive essay 1. Read this Part 2 essay task and answer the questions, a How should an essay like this start and finish? b- What do you think is the best way of answering this kind of question ~ by agrecing, by disagreeing or by giving both sides of the argument? © What is an appropriate style for this essay? Your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your opinion on the following statement. Newspapers should be allowed to reveal secrets ab peovie. tthe privato lives of famous Write your essay in 120~180 words. 2 Read this discursive essay, ignoring the gaps. Then, answer these questions, a What is the purpose of each of the four paragraphs? b- What are the main points made in the second and third paragraphs? © Where are the writer's opinions expressed? d_ Is the style appropriate? Famous people often complain that newspapers print too much about their private lives, |____ newspapers say that they are simply responding to public curiosity. |willconsider these different points of view. , ft'Seems that famous people want as much media attention as possible at the beginning of their careers. Once they 5 are famous,3___, they tend to get upset f newspapers ‘reveal personal information that they would prefer to keep secret. 4__ they feel they have aright to a private lf, like ‘everyone else. 5__, newspapers say that the publichasarighttoknow 10 ‘about how celebrities spend their money and who they are inlove ‘with. They claim that itis particularly important forthe public to know when their heroes do something wrong. , believe that the public should be told how stars live theirlives,7____stars should have some privacy, especially to protect 15 members of their families. This means that we need clear rules about what the media should be allowed to publish, 3 Complete the essay using appropriate words and phrases from this list. More than one answer may be possible. although however infact —_on balance on the one hand on the other hand whereas 110 UNITS) MEDIAThink, plan, write 4 Match each phrase in the list below with its purpose a, b or c. to introduce additional information b to introduce information which contrasts with what has gone before © to summarise or conclude an argument apart from that as well as (that) besides (this) in conclusion by contrast furthermore in short. nevertheless. on the contrary onthe whole to conclude to summarise tosum up what is more 5. What do the phrases in italic in the discursive essay refer to? exaee their refers to famous people (ine 1) 6 You are going to write an essay. First, read the task. a What is your first reaction to the statement about advertising? Would you prefer to write only your own opinions on the subject or both sides of the argument? Your teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the following statement ‘There should be a complete ban on the advertising of dangerous products like cigarettes and alcohol. Write your essay in 120-180 words 7 Before you write, think about the topic. Discuss some of these questions in pairs Do you agree that cigarettes and alcohol are ‘dangerous products’? Where are cigarettes and alcohol currently advertised? Who is influenced by these adverts? Why do some people want a ‘complete ban’? Would such a ban be effective? Would it discourage people from smoking or drinking? 8 Make st of two or three points on each side of the argument: In favour of a ban ‘Against a ban 9 Plan the content of each paragraph, using the sample answer opposite as a model. Use connecting words and expressions to link ideas between sentences and paragraphs, 10 When you write, don't forget to check that you have answered the question in full. Make sure the style is appropriate. 11. Finally, when you have finished, check your grammar, spelling and punctuation. 4 WRITING GUIDE PAGE 167 > MEDIA UNITS) 1111 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning, Cybercafé dangers Ina typical week, teenagers, °_tzavelling_ professionals and tourists TRAVEL aren’ for one of the computer terminals at a twenty-four-hour COMPETE cybercafe in New York’s Times Square. The café is »____ booked Fu every evening. Cybercafés lke this are a |____ to many people because they CONVENIENT provide food and drink as well as Net access. But in_ to ) people without home computers, ybercafés could bes. to ATTRACT all sorts of 6 Like public telephones, cybercafés are CRIME ‘open to anyone, without the need for any kind of -_.. REGISTER With thousands of customers ®____ cafés like this every day, wsit law-breakers could ®_____go unnoticed. Although some cafés ask BAY for photo ®___ before customers can log on, others don't. IbenTiFY 2. Rewrite this conversation in reported speech. Use the reporting verbs in brackets, Jayne I’m going on holiday tomorrow. (say) Ben Are you going anywhere special? (ask) Jayne Yes, Australia. We'll be staying in Perth for a week and then going on to Sydney. (reply) Ben Who arc you going with? (ask) Jayne With two of my friends from work. (reply) 3. Rewrite these sentences in direct speech. Ben said he'd always wanted to go to Australia, Jayne asked him if he'd like to go with them. Ben replied that he certainly would. Jayne said she'd see if there were any places left on the flight. Ben said he wasn’t sure if he could afford it. Jayne offered to lend him the money. momo ge 4 Complete these sentences with so or such. a There's ___ ltile time left - we'll really have to hurry. b Idon't know how people can drive __ fast in the rain. ¢ [can’t remember when we last had cold weather d e ‘That was a difficult exam. I'm sure I haven't passed. But you've worked hard — I'm sure you'll be OK. 112 UNITS MEDIA