Programming for microcontroller
About the program.
For the counting purpose both the timers of 8051 (Timer0 and Timer1) are used. Timer 1 is
configured as an 8 bit auto reload counter for registering the number of incoming zero going
pulses and Timer0 is configured as a 16 bit timer which generate the necessary 1 second time
span for the Timer1 to count. For counting the number of beats Timer0 and Timer1 are used.
Timer1 is set as an 8 bit auto reload counter for counting the number of pulses (indicating the
heart beat) and Timer0 is set as a 16 bit timer which generates a 65536uS delay. When looped
230 times it will produce a 15 second time span (230 x 65536uS =15S) for the Timer 1 to count.
The number of counts obtained in 15 seconds is multiplied by 4 to obtain the heart rate in beats
per minute.
The Timer 0 which generates the 1 second time span is configured in Mode 1 (16 bit timer). So
the maximum it can count is 2^16 and it is 65536. In 8051 the crystal frequency is divided by 12
using an internal frequency divider network before applying it as a clock for the timer. That
means the timer will increment by one for every 1/12th of the crystal frequency. For an 8051
based system clocked by a 12MHz crystal, the time taken for one timer increment will be 1µS
(i.e.; 1/12MHz). So the maximum time delay that can be obtained using one session of the timer
will be 65536µS. Go through this article Delay using 8051 timer for a better grasp.
ORG 000H // origin
MOV DPTR,#LUT // moves starting address of LUT to DPTR
MOV P1,#00000000B // sets P1 as output port
MOV P0,#00000000B // sets P0 as output port
MAIN: MOV R6,#230D // loads register R6 with 230D
SETB P3.5 // sets P3.5 as input port
MOV TMOD,#01100001B // Sets Timer1 as Mode2 counter & Timer0 as Mode1 timer
MOV TL1,#00000000B // loads TL1 with initial value
MOV TH1,#00000000B // loads TH1 with initial value
SETB TR1 // starts timer(counter) 1
BACK: MOV TH0,#00000000B // loads initial value to TH0
MOV TL0,#00000000B // loads initial value to TL0
SETB TR0 // starts timer 0
HERE: JNB TF0,HERE // checks for Timer 0 roll over
CLR TR0 // stops Timer0
CLR TF0 // clears Timer Flag 0
DJNZ R6,BACK
CLR TR1 // stops Timer(counter)1
CLR TF0 // clears Timer Flag 0
CLR TF1 // clears Timer Flag 1
ACALL DLOOP // Calls subroutine DLOOP for displaying the count
SJMP MAIN // jumps back to the main loop
DLOOP: MOV R5,#252D
BACK1: MOV A,TL1 // loads the current count to the accumulator
MOV B,#4D // loads register B with 4D
MUL AB // Multiplies the TL1 count with 4
MOV B,#100D // loads register B with 100D
DIV AB // isolates first digit of the count
SETB P1.0 // display driver transistor Q1 ON
ACALL DISPLAY // converts 1st digit to 7seg pattern
MOV P0,A // puts the pattern to port 0
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,B
MOV B,#10D
DIV AB // isolates the second digit of the count
CLR P1.0 // display driver transistor Q1 OFF
SETB P1.1 // display driver transistor Q2 ON
ACALL DISPLAY // converts the 2nd digit to 7seg pattern
MOV P0,A
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,B // moves the last digit of the count to accumulator
CLR P1.1 // display driver transistor Q2 OFF
SETB P1.2 // display driver transistor Q3 ON
ACALL DISPLAY // converts 3rd digit to 7seg pattern
MOV P0,A // puts the pattern to port 0
ACALL DELAY // calls 1ms delay
ACALL DELAY
CLR P1.2
DJNZ R5,BACK1 // repeats the subroutine DLOOP 100 times
MOV P0,#11111111B
RET
DELAY: MOV R7,#250D // 1ms delay
DEL1: DJNZ R7,DEL1
RET
DISPLAY: MOVC A,@A+DPTR // gets 7seg digit drive pattern for current value in A
CPL A
RET
LUT: DB 3FH // LUT starts here
DB 06H
DB 5BH
DB 4FH
DB 66H
DB 6DH
DB 7DH
DB 07H
DB 7FH
DB 6FH
END
