Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 28 views

    Alternative Methods: Key Points

    Uploaded by

    Amira Benredjem
    Alternative language teaching methods emerged in the 1970s-1980s including the Silent Way, Total Physical Response (TPR), and Suggestopedia. These methods emphasized discovery learning, using physical objects and actions, teaching meaning over form, and creating a relaxed environment. The Silent Way focused on problem-solving and student production. TPR coordinated speech and actions and emphasized comprehension before speaking. Suggestopedia aimed to accelerate learning through suggestion, role-playing, and peripheral learning in a comfortable setting with music. However, critics argued these methods may confuse or not be practical for most schools.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Alternative Methods: Key Points

    Uploaded by

    Amira Benredjem
    28 views2 pages
    Alternative language teaching methods emerged in the 1970s-1980s including the Silent Way, Total Physical Response (TPR), and Suggestopedia. These methods emphasized discovery learning, using physical objects and actions, teaching meaning over form, and creating a relaxed environment. The Silent Way focused on problem-solving and student production. TPR coordinated speech and actions and emphasized comprehension before speaking. Suggestopedia aimed to accelerate learning through suggestion, role-playing, and peripheral learning in a comfortable setting with music. However, critics argued these methods may confuse or not be practical for most schools.

    Original Description:

    This is a summary of Alternative teaching methods, which tackles some of the main points.

    Original Title

    Alternative Methods

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Alternative language teaching methods emerged in the 1970s-1980s including the Silent Way, Total Physical Response (TPR), and Suggestopedia. These methods emphasized discovery learning, using physical objects and actions, teaching meaning over form, and creating a relaxed environment. The Silent Way focused on problem-solving and student production. TPR coordinated speech and actions and emphasized comprehension before speaking. Suggestopedia aimed to accelerate learning through suggestion, role-playing, and peripheral learning in a comfortable setting with music. However, critics argued these methods may confuse or not be practical for most schools.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views2 pages

    Alternative Methods: Key Points

    Uploaded by

    Amira Benredjem
    Alternative language teaching methods emerged in the 1970s-1980s including the Silent Way, Total Physical Response (TPR), and Suggestopedia. These methods emphasized discovery learning, using physical objects and actions, teaching meaning over form, and creating a relaxed environment. The Silent Way focused on problem-solving and student production. TPR coordinated speech and actions and emphasized comprehension before speaking. Suggestopedia aimed to accelerate learning through suggestion, role-playing, and peripheral learning in a comfortable setting with music. However, critics argued these methods may confuse or not be practical for most schools.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Alternative Methods

    KEY POINTS:

    - By the mid 1970’s and early 1980’s Alternative methods had emerged and they
    included ( ​The silent way​, ​The Total Physical Response TPR,​ and ​Suggestopedia​)
    - Language must not be considered as a product of habit formation but rather of​ ​RULE
    FORMATION
    - People must use their own​ thinking process​ or​ cognition​ to retrieve the rules of the
    language.
    - This led to the establishment of​ ​Cognitive Code Approach​ which was developed
    with ​deductive​ and ​inductive​ exercises of grammar to enable students to be
    responsible for their language learning and get engaged in formulating hypotheses in
    order to ​discover the rules of the Target Language.

    ● The Silent Way ( Calleb Gattegno):

    - It is based on the principle that the teacher should be as silent as possible whereas the
    the learner should be encouraged to produce more language through discovery and
    creation.
    - The Silent Way views learning as a ​problem-solving​, ​creative, discovery activit​y in
    which the learner is the principle actor rather than a passive listener.
    - It is based on Burner’s theory of​ Discovery learning ​approach, which believes that
    instead of being given a verbal description of the concept, the learners should discover
    and arrive at the principle by himself.
    - Advocates of this approach claim that things we find for ourselves are better
    understood and remembered than those told by others.
    - Learning is made easier by accompanting​ ​physical objects​ ​such as colored wooden
    stick, charts, gestures, etc,...
    - The choice of Vocabulary is crucial in this method; the most important vocabulary for
    the learner is​ “ Functional vocabulary’’

    ● The Total Physical Response ( James Asher ) :

    - Comprehension skills​ precede productive skills in learning a language: L2 should


    reflect the ​naturalisti​c process of L1 ( e.g Little children comprehend much more
    language than he can produce)
    - The TPR is a teaching method built upon a ​coordination of speech and physical
    actions​ at an introductory level before the learner is taught to speak ( Children
    respond physically to commands before they could produce any verbal response )
    - The imperative verb ​( command ) is viewed as the central linguistic element in which
    language use and learning are organized.
    - Teaching should emphasize ​meaning​ rather than form.
    - Teaching should reduce learners’ stress which is an important condition for a
    successful language learning.
    - The main objective of the TPR is to teach ​Oral proficiency ​at an early stage.

    ● Suggestopedia ( Georgi Lozanov ):

    - The prime objective of Suggestopedia is to tap into more of students’ mental potential
    to learn, in order to accelerate the process by which they learn to understand and use
    the target language for communication.
    - Learning is facilitated in an environment that is as ​comfortable​ as possible, featuring
    soft cushioned seating and dim lighting.
    - Baroque music is played softly in the background to increase mental relaxation and
    potential to take in and retain new material during the lesson.
    - The teacher​ assumes a role of complete ​authority ​and​ control​ in the classroom
    - Students are encouraged to be​ child-like,​ take “mental trips with the teacher” and
    assume new roles and names in the target language in order to become more
    “suggestible”.
    - ​Errors ​are tolerated, the emphasis being on ​content​ and not structure. Grammar and
    vocabulary are presented and given treatment from the teacher, but not dwelt on.
    - Homework is limited to students re-reading the dialog they are studying – once before
    they go to sleep at night and once in the morning before they get up.
    - Music, drama and “the Arts” are integrated into the learning process as often as
    possible.
    - ​Peripheral Learning ​(Students can absorb information “effortlessly” when it is
    perceived as part of the environment, rather than the material “to be attended to”)
    - Role-play (Students pretend temporarily that they are someone else and perform a
    role using the target language).

    This Method was criticized for several reasons such as :


    - Many people find classical music irritating rather than stimulating
    - The length of dialogues and the lack of a coherent theory of language may serve
    to confuse rather than to motivate.
    - The provision of comfortable armchairs and relaxing environment won’t be
    affordable for most educational establishments.

    You might also like