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D Ata and C Om Puter C Om M Unications: Chapter 1 - Data Communications, Data Networks, and The Internet

This document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks. It discusses trends in traffic growth and new services/technologies. It introduces a communications model and covers transmission media, networking, wide area networks like circuit switching and packet switching, local area networks, and the Internet. Key topics include the growth of interconnected computers, integration of communication technologies, and advances in high-speed transmission standards.

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dynastywarrior
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113 views16 pages

D Ata and C Om Puter C Om M Unications: Chapter 1 - Data Communications, Data Networks, and The Internet

This document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks. It discusses trends in traffic growth and new services/technologies. It introduces a communications model and covers transmission media, networking, wide area networks like circuit switching and packet switching, local area networks, and the Internet. Key topics include the growth of interconnected computers, integration of communication technologies, and advances in high-speed transmission standards.

Uploaded by

dynastywarrior
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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D ata and C om puter C om m unications

Chapter 1 – Data Communications,


Data Networks, and the Internet

Eighth Edition
by W illiam Stallings

Lecture slides by Law rie Brow n


C ontem porary D ata C om m s
• trends
– traffic grow th at a high & steady rate
– developm ent of new services
– advances in technology
• significant change in requirem ents
– em ergence of high-speed LAN s
– corporate W AN needs
– digital electronics
A C om m unications M odel
C om m unications Tasks
Transmission system utilization Addressing

Interfacing Routing

Signal generation Recovery

Synchronization Message formatting


Exchange management Security

Error detection and correction Network management

Flow control
D ata C om m unications M odel
Transm ission M edium
• selection is a basic choice
– internal use entirely up to business
– long-distance links m ade by carrier
• rapid technology advances change m ix
– fiber optic
– w ireless
• transm ission costs still high
• hence interest in efficiency im provem ents
N etw orking
• grow th of num ber & pow er of com puters is driving
need for interconnection
• also seeing rapid integration of voice, data, im age
& video technologies
• tw o broad categories of com m unications netw orks:
– Local Area N etw ork (LAN )
– W ide Area N etw ork (W AN )
W ide A rea N etw orks
• span a large geographical area
• cross public rights of w ay
• rely in part on com m on carrier circuits
• alternative technologies used include:
– circuit sw itching
– packet sw itching
– fram e relay
– Asynchronous Transfer M ode (ATM )
C ircuit S w itching
• uses a dedicated com m unications path established
for duration of conversation
• com prising a sequence of physical links
• w ith a dedicated logical channel
• eg. telephone netw ork
P acket S w itching
• data sent out of sequence
• sm all chunks (packets)of data at a tim e
• packets passed from node to node betw een source
and destination
• used for term inal to com puter and com puter to
com puter com m unications
Fram e R elay
• packet sw itching system s have large overheads to
com pensate for errors
• m odern system s are m ore reliable
• errors can be caught in end system
• F ram e R elay provides higher speeds
• w ith m ost error control overhead rem oved
A synchronous Transfer M ode
• ATM
• evolution of fram e relay
• fixed packet (called cell)length
• w ith little overhead for error control
• anything from 1 0M bps to G bps
• constant data rate using packet sw itching technique
w ith m ultiple virtual circuits
Local A rea N etw orks
• sm aller scope
– Building or sm all cam pus
• usually ow ned by sam e organization as attached
devices
• data rates m uch higher
• sw itched LA N s, eg E thernet
• w ireless LA N s
M etropolitan A rea N etw orks
• MAN
• m iddle ground betw een LA N and W A N
• private or public netw ork
• high speed
• large area
The Internet
• Internet evolved from A R P A N E T
– first operational packet netw ork
– applied to tactical radio & satellite nets also
– had a need for interoperability
– led to standardized TC P/IP protocols
Internet E lem ents

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