Scribd
Upload
36 views

9 Basic Examples Ug 2slidesperpage

Round trip delay to a GEO satellite is 239 ms. An amplifier with a noise figure of 2.5 dB has an equivalent noise temperature of 226 K. A 30 m diameter earth station antenna at 4150 MHz has a gain of 60.1 dBi. Calculating the G/T of a receiver involves determining antenna gain, system noise temperature, and dividing gain by temperature. A satellite link example shows how to calculate EIRP, path loss, received power, and carrier-to-noise ratio. An uplink backoff example demonstrates calculating transmit EIRP and Eb/N0 at the satellite.

Uploaded by

Swifty Spot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

9 Basic Examples Ug 2slidesperpage

Round trip delay to a GEO satellite is 239 ms. An amplifier with a noise figure of 2.5 dB has an equivalent noise temperature of 226 K. A 30 m diameter earth station antenna at 4150 MHz has a gain of 60.1 dBi. Calculating the G/T of a receiver involves determining antenna gain, system noise temperature, and dividing gain by temperature. A satellite link example shows how to calculate EIRP, path loss, received power, and carrier-to-noise ratio. An uplink backoff example demonstrates calculating transmit EIRP and Eb/N0 at the satellite.

Uploaded by

Swifty Spot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Example Basic Link Calculations

Prof R.E. Sheriff

Round Trip Delay

Calculate round trip delay to a GEO satellite from beam


centre
• Round Trip delay = Time taken from Earth to Sat and back
• Altitude of GEO Satellite = 35864 km
• Distance = Velocity/time
Where Velocity = speed of light (3 .105 km/s)
• At Beam Centre
Distance = Orbit Altitude
t = 2 .( 35864/3.105 ) = 239 ms

1
Amplifier Noise Figure

An amplifier has a quoted noise figure of 2.5


dB. Calculate the equivalent noise
temperature.
• Recall: æ T ö
F = çç1 + e ÷÷
è To ø
• and by rearranging and using real value of
NF
Tamp = T0(1.78 -1) = 226 K

Antenna Gain

Earth Station of 30 m diameter, 60% efficiency


operating at 4150 MHz (C band). Calculate the
Gain:
4pAeff
• Recall: G=
l2
• and Aeff = m.pD2/4 for a given diameter, D
• Therefore G = 20 log(m0.5p.D.(f/c))
æ æ 41.5 ö ö
= 20 logçç 0.6.p .30.ç ÷ ÷÷
è è 3 øø
= 60.1 dBi (i means relative to isotropic ant.)

2
Calculating G/T of a receiver

IF

Feeder
Antenna LNA IPA
Loss = 1 dB
G1= 30 dB G2 = 30 dB
Local
f = 4 GHz Tf = 300 K Osc.
T1= 30 K F2 = 3 dB
D= 25 m
h= 60%
Tant=40K

G/T Step-by Step Guide

• Step 1: Calculate the gain of the antenna


using the equation:
4pAeff
G=
l2
æ æ 40 ö ö
• Gain = 20 logçç 0.6.p .25.ç ÷ ÷÷
è è 3 øø

= 58.2 dBi

3
System Noise Temperature

• Step 2: Calculate the system noise


temperature using the equation:
Ta æ 1ö
Te = + T f ç1 - ÷ + Tr
L è Lø
• Where Tr for a cascade of n amplifiers is
given by: T T
Tr = T1 + 2
+ 3

G1 G1G2

G/T

L = log-1 (1/10) = 1.26 (conversion from dB)

T2 = T0(2.0 -1) = 290 K (Derived from NF)

• Te = Ta/1.26+ Tf(1 - (1/1.26)) + T1 +T2/G1


= 40/1.26 + 300(1-0.79) + 30 + 290/1000
= 125 K
• Step 3: Divide antenna gain by System
Temperature
58.2 - 10log(125) = 37.2 dB/K

4
Link Calculation Example 1

• Assumptions:
Satellite transmitting 11.7 GHz continuous wave
Satellite beacon output power 200 mW feeds an
antenna of 18.9 dB gain towards an earth
station
Distance between satellite and earth station:
38,000 km
Receiver Earth station diameter 4 m and 55%
efficiency

Calculate

• Satellite EIRP in dBW, dBm and W


• Receiving antenna gain
• Path Loss in dB
• Received signal power in W, mW and dBm

5
Satellite EIRP
• Satellite EIRP is given by
PtGt W or
10log(PtGt) dBW or
10 log(PtGt) + 30 dBm (assuming power is in W)

• Pt = 200 mW or 0.2 W or -7 dBW or 23 dBm


• Gt = 18.9 dB or 77.6
• Satellite EIRP =
15.52 W (0.2x77.6) or
11.9 dBW (-7 + 18.9) or 41.9 dBm (23+18.9)

Antenna Gain and Path Loss

• Antenna Gain is given by:


• G æ æ 117 ö ö
= 20 logçç 0.55.p .4.ç ÷ ÷÷ = 51.2 dBi
è è 3 øø
2
æ l ö
• Path Loss is given by: F .S .L. = ç ÷
è 4pR ø
æ c ö
or 20 logçç ÷÷
è 4pRf ø
= 20log(3/(4p(38.106).117))
= -205.4 dB

6
Received Power

• Pr = PtGt + FSL + Gr dBW (assuming negligible


atmospheric losses)

• From Previous calculations


PtGt = 11.9 dBw FSL = -205.4 dB Gr = 51.2 dBi
• Therefore received Power in dBW
• -142.3 dBW (51.2 + 11.9 - 205.4)
= -112.3 dBm or 5.9.10-15 W or 5.9.10-12 mW

Carrier-to-Noise

• In the previous example, the overall system


noise temperature is 1200 K, determine
Earth Station G/T in dB/K
The receiver noise in a 100 Hz noise bandwidth
both in W and dBm
The C/N in a 100-Hz Noise bandwidth

7
G/T

• Step 1
• Convert Ts to dBK
10 log (1200) dBK = 30.8 dBK
• From previous calculation
G = 51.2 dBi
• Therefore
G/T = G - T dBK-1 = 51.2 - 30.8
= 20.4 dBK-1

Received Noise Power

• Recall:
N = KTsB
• From Question, B = 100 Hz
N = 1.38.10-23.1200.100 W
= 16.56.10-19 W
= -147.8 dBm

8
Carrier to Noise Ratio

• Carrier Power/Noise Power


Carrier Power = -112.3 dBm or 5.9.10-15 W
Noise Power = -147.8 dBm or 16.56.10-19 W
• Carrier to Noise Ratio = (-112.3 - -147.8)
= 35.5 dB

Composite Link Budget


• A satellite link has an uplink C/N of 8 dB
and a downlink C/N of 10 dB. Calculate the
overall C/N, assuming interference and
Intermodulation noise can be neglected
• Recall:
C C
=
NT N u + N D + N I + N i
-1
é ù
1 1 1 1 ú
=ê + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
ê c
ë nU
c
n D
c
nI
c ú
n iû

9
Composite Link Budget

• Convert up and downlink C/N to real


values.
• C/Nup = log-1 (0.8) = 6.3
• C/Ndown = log-1(1) = 10
• 1/C/N tot = 1/6.3 + 1/10
• C/Ntot = 3.86
= 5.9 dB

Uplink Back Off


• Assume:
Transmit O/p Power at Saturation = 2 kW
Antenna Diameter = 15 m
Back off = 7 dB
Efficiency = 60%, Distance = 40000 km
Frequency of transmission = 14 GHz
Atmospheric loss = -0.3 dB
Satellite G/T = -5 dB/K, Tx Rate = 120 Mbps
• Calculate Tx EIRP, and Eb/N0 at satellite

10
Transmit EIRP

• Step 1: Determine Gain using:


æ æ 140 ö ö
20 logçç 0.6.p .15.ç ÷ ÷÷
è è 3 øø
Gain = 64.6 dB
• Convert Saturation Power to dBW
10 log(2000) = 33 dBW
Subtract back off of 7 dB from Power
• EIRP = Gain + Powersat - BO (dBW)
= 90.6 dBW (64.6 + 33 - 7)

Uplink Power Budget

• Uplink Power =
EIRP - FSL - Atmos. Atten + Gain Rx (dBW)
• Noise Power Density = kTsat (W/Hz)
• Recall
C Eb * R
=
N0 N0

11
Uplink Budget

2 2
æ l ö æ c ö
F .S .L. = ç ÷ = çç ÷÷
è 4p R ø è 4 lRf ø
æ 3.108 ö
FSL = 20 logçç 6
÷ = -207.4 dB
9 ÷
è 4p .40 .10 .14 .10 ø
Eb G
= EIRPtx + FSL + + Au - 10 log( R ) - 10 log k
N0 Tsat
= 90.6-207.4 -5 - 0.3 - 80.8 + 228.6 dB
= 25.7 dB

12

You might also like