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Module 1 Review On Functions

This document provides an overview of functions for a mathematics review module. It begins by defining a function and giving examples. It then discusses the differences between functions and relations, and how to determine if a relation represents a function. The document proceeds to cover topics such as tables of values, the vertical line test, evaluating functions, and operations on functions including composite functions. The goal is to review key concepts about functions to help students learn and understand this important mathematical concept.

Uploaded by

Ronald Dalida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
466 views

Module 1 Review On Functions

This document provides an overview of functions for a mathematics review module. It begins by defining a function and giving examples. It then discusses the differences between functions and relations, and how to determine if a relation represents a function. The document proceeds to cover topics such as tables of values, the vertical line test, evaluating functions, and operations on functions including composite functions. The goal is to review key concepts about functions to help students learn and understand this important mathematical concept.

Uploaded by

Ronald Dalida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1

REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


What is a function?

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Definition of a Function:

• It is a relation define as a set of ordered


pairs (x, y) where no two or more distinct
ordered pairs have the same first element
(x).
• Every value of x corresponds to a unique
value of y

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Examples:
• Illustrations below are examples of a
function

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Is it a function or not?

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


What is the difference
between a function and a
relation?

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
A relation is a rule that A function is a relation
relates values from a where each element in
set of values called the the domain is related to
domain to a second set only one value in the
of values called the range by some rule.
range.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
The elements of the The elements of the
domain can be imagines domain can be imagined
as input to a machine as input to a machine
that applies rule to that applies a rule so that
these inputs to generate each input corresponds
one or more outputs. to only one output.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS

A relation is also a set of A function is a set of


ordered pairs (x, y). ordered pairs (x, y) such
that no two ordered pairs
have the same x-value
but different y-values.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Is it a function or not?

a. f = {(0, -1), (2, -5), (4, -9), (6,-13)}


b. r ={(a, 0), (b, -1), (c, 0), (d, -1)}
c. g = (5, -10), (25, -50), (50, -100)
d. t = {(-2, 0), (-1, 1), (0, 1), (-2, 2)}

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


The function as a machine…

We will try to represent mathematical


relations as machines with an input
and an output, and that the output is
related to the input by some rule.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Determine if this machine produces
a function…

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Determine if this machine produces
a function…

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Determine if this machine produces
a function…

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Determine if this machine produces
a function…

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


What is a table of
values?

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Table of Values
a

• A table of values is commonly


observed when describing a function.
• This shows the correspondence
between a set of values of x and a set
of values of y in a tabular form.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Examples of Table of Values
a

x 0 1 4 9 16
y -5 -4 -1 4 11

x -1 -1/4 0 1/4 1
y -1 - 1/2 0 1/2 1

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Is it a function or not?

1.A jeepney and its plate number


2.A student and his ID number
3.A teacher and his cellular phone
4.A pen and the color of its ink

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


What is a vertical line
test?

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Vertical Line Test
a

• The vertical line test for a function


states that if each vertical line
intersects a graph in the x-y plane at
exactly one point, then the graph
illustrates a function.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Is this a function or not?

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Is this a function or not?

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Is this a function or not?

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Relationship Between the Independent
and Dependent Variables

Process
Input Output
(equation
(value of x) (value of y)
rule)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Examples:

1. Find the value of y in the equation


y = 10x – 3 if x = - 5.
2. Find the value of x if the value of y
𝟑𝒙+𝟖
in the equation 𝐲 = is 2.
𝒙−𝟐

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Applications:
1. A car has travelled a distance of 124
kilometers in 4 hours. Find the speed of the
car.
2. The volume of the cube is defined by the
function 𝑽 = 𝒔𝟑 where s is the length of the
edge.
• What is the volume of the cube if the
length of the edge is 5 cm?
• What is the length of its edge if its
volume is 728 cubic meters?
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

EVALUATING FUNCTIONS

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Evaluating Functions
a

• It is the process of determining the


value of the function at the number
assigned to a given variable.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Example:
Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒. Find the following
values of the function
a. f (2)
b. f (-1)
c. f (0)
d. f (- ½ )
e. f (- 4)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Example:
Let 𝐠 𝐱 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒 . Find the following
values of the function
a. g (2)
b. g (4)
c. g (0)
d. g (9)
e. g (- 1/3)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Example:
𝟒𝒙+𝟖
Let h 𝐱 = . Find the following values
𝟐𝒙−𝟒
of the function
a. h (1)
b. h (-2)
c. h (6)
d. h (0)
e. h (2)
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF


FUNCTIONS

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Domain D of a Function
a

• It is the set of all x-coordinates in the


set of ordered pairs.
Range R of a Function
a

• It is the set of all y-coordinates in the


set of ordered pairs.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
Determine the domain and the range
of the following:
a x 0 1 4 9 16
y -5 -4 -1 4 11

x -1 -1/4 0 1/4 1
y -1 - 1/2 0 1/2 1

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


More on Independent Variables
a

• There are instances in which not all


values of the independent variables
are permissible.
• That is, some functions have
restrictions.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Determine the domain and the range
of the following:
𝟓
a𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒
𝒙+𝟐

𝒙+𝟑
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟐

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Piece-wise Functions
a

• These are functions which are defined


in defined in different domains since
they are determined by several
equations.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Determine the domain and the range
of the following:
a𝒇 𝒙 = { 2x + 3 if x ≠ 2
4 if x = 2

𝒇 𝒙 = { 2x + 3
– 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
if x < 1
if x ≥ 1

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

OPERATIONS ON
FUNCTIONS
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
Operations on Functions
If f and g are functions then
• (f + g) = f(x) + g(x)
• (f – g) = f(x)– g(x)
• (f ∙ g) = f(x) ∙ g(x)
𝒇 𝒇(𝒙)
• 𝒙 = where g(x) ≠ 0
𝒈 𝒈(𝒙)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Example
𝟐
Let f(x) = 𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑 and g(x)= x – 1.
Perform the operations and identify the
domain
• (f + g)
• (f – g)
• (f ∙ g)
𝒇
• 𝒙
𝒈
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
Example
𝟐
Let f(x)= x – 3 and g(x) = 𝒙 + 𝟗 .
Perform the operations and identify the
domain
• (f + g)
• (f – g)
• (f ∙ g)
𝒇
• 𝒙
𝒈
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Operations on Functions
If f and g are functions then the
composite function denoted by 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈, is
defined by
𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 = 𝒇 𝒈(𝒙)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Operations on Functions
The domain of 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 is the set of all
numbers x in the domain of g such that
g(x) is in the domain of f.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Example

Let f(x)= x – 3 and g(x) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗. Find


• (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(x)
• (𝒈 ∘ 𝒇)(x)
• (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(3)
• (𝒈 ∘ 𝒇)(- 4)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela


Module 1
REVIEW ON FUNCTIONS

EVEN AND ODD


FUNCTIONS
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
Even and Odd Functions
• A function f is said to be even if
f(–x)=f(x) for each value of x in the
domain of f.
• A function f is said to be odd if
f(–x)= – f(x) for each value of x in the
domain of f.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela
Example
Determine whether each of the following
functions is even, odd or neither
• 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎
• 𝒇 𝒙 = −𝒙𝟓 + 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙
𝟑 𝟐
• 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟐

GENERAL MATHEMATICS Samar College Galina V. Panela

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