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    Summary of Antiviral Drugs

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    Kate Sarah Gabasa
    This document summarizes key antiviral drugs, their mechanisms of action, uses, forms, adverse effects, and resistance characteristics. It includes nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV, as well as protease inhibitors, viral neuraminidase inhibitors, and antimyxovirus and antiherpetic drugs. Common adverse effects include peripheral neuropathy, hematotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Resistance can develop due to mutations in viral genes encoding for targets like reverse transcriptase and viral polymerases. Combination therapy is often used to combat resistance.

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    Summary of Antiviral Drugs

    Uploaded by

    Kate Sarah Gabasa
    88 views2 pages
    This document summarizes key antiviral drugs, their mechanisms of action, uses, forms, adverse effects, and resistance characteristics. It includes nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV, as well as protease inhibitors, viral neuraminidase inhibitors, and antimyxovirus and antiherpetic drugs. Common adverse effects include peripheral neuropathy, hematotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Resistance can develop due to mutations in viral genes encoding for targets like reverse transcriptase and viral polymerases. Combination therapy is often used to combat resistance.

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    This document summarizes key antiviral drugs, their mechanisms of action, uses, forms, adverse effects, and resistance characteristics. It includes nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV, as well as protease inhibitors, viral neuraminidase inhibitors, and antimyxovirus and antiherpetic drugs. Common adverse effects include peripheral neuropathy, hematotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Resistance can develop due to mutations in viral genes encoding for targets like reverse transcriptase and viral polymerases. Combination therapy is often used to combat resistance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    88 views2 pages

    Summary of Antiviral Drugs

    Uploaded by

    Kate Sarah Gabasa
    This document summarizes key antiviral drugs, their mechanisms of action, uses, forms, adverse effects, and resistance characteristics. It includes nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV, as well as protease inhibitors, viral neuraminidase inhibitors, and antimyxovirus and antiherpetic drugs. Common adverse effects include peripheral neuropathy, hematotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Resistance can develop due to mutations in viral genes encoding for targets like reverse transcriptase and viral polymerases. Combination therapy is often used to combat resistance.

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    of 2

    Drug MOA Uses Forms AE Resistance Other Characteristics

    ANTIHERPETICS
    (Aint For Valentines, Goes Forever)
    Acyclovir(Zovirax) HSV, VZV IV IV form: Crystalluria, Due to Thymidine kinase
    Oral Neurotoxic changes in converts it to
    Topical DNA acyclovir mono-
    (-) DNA Polymerase then acyclovir
    Polymerase→ triphosphate
    DNA chain (active form)
    Famciclovir & Valacyclovir termination HSV, VZV More expensive
    *against strains than acyclovir
    resistant to acyclovir
    but NOT to TK strains
    Ganciclovir (-) DNA HSV, VZV, CMV Retinal Dose-limiting Due to
    Polymerase→ (prophylaxis + tx) implant HEMATOTOXOCITY (↓WBC, changes in
    Ganulocyte(granulocyte) DOES NOT *CMV Retinitis IV plt) DNA
    – WBC, thus CAUSE DNA Oral Mucositis, fever, rash, Polymerase
    hematotoxicity chain Crystalluria, Seizures
    termination
    Foscarnet (-) DNA and RNA HSV, VZV, CMV IV Dose-limiting Common: Seizures
    Polymerases→ NEPHROTOXICITY with ATN as AE
    foscar
    NEThrotoxicity DNA chain *identical to (acute tubular necrosis),
    termination Ganciclovir, but > electrolyte imbalance, ↓Ca =
    activity versus tremors and Seizures
    acyclovir-resistant
    strains of HSV

    ANTIMYXOVIRUS
    (viral nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors)

    Ribavirin (-)viral RNA Aerosol HEMATOTOXIC, upper airway Teratogenic, CI to


    Polymerase and RSV (respiratory Topical irritation preggy
    end capping of syncytial virus)- CROUP,
    viral RNA Infuenza A & B, Lassa
    fever (Lassa virus of
    arenaviridae),
    hantavirus, adjuncts to
    IFN-α in Hepatitis C

    MINA, J.A
    Made for Section 2B 2012
    Drug MOA Uses Forms AE Resistance Other Characteristics

    ANTI-RETROVIRUS
    Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
     Components of the most combination drug regimens used in HIV infection
     Use 2 NRTIs + PI (protease inhibitor)
     Used in HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
    *peripheral neuropathy- most common SE
    Zidovudine/ZDV HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-1 Oral Dose-limiting HEMATOTOXICITY (PMN, Hematotoxic→ needs
    (Azidothhmidine/ AZT) RBC, Plt), HA, asthenia, myalgia, blood transfusion
    myopathy, peripheral neuropathy,
    lactic acidosis
    Didanosine/ddI HIV-1, HIV-2 Pancreatitis (major, dose-limiting),
    (-) peripheral neuropathy, hyperuricemia,
    liver, dysfunction
    Mutation
    Zalcitabine/ddC
    Reverse HIV-1, HIV-2, HBV Peripheral neuropathy (major, dose-
    limiting), GI distress, pancreatitis, in the
    “Salisi (Zalci) gang will
    Stab You (Stavu) causing
    neutropenia, rash genes that peripheral neuropathy;
    Stavudine/d4T Transcrip HIV-1, HIV-2 Peripheral neuropathy (major, dose- Salisi (Zalci) gang will
    limiting), myelosuppression < ZDV codes RT also eat your Lomi
    Lamivudine/3TC tase (RT) HIV-1, HIV-2, HBV LEAST TOXIC of NRTIs, but some GI (Lami) infected with
    Hepa B”
    effects and neutropenia

    *Peripheral neuropathy
    = Zalci + Stavu
    *Hepa B = Zalci + Lami
    Non-nucleoside RTIs (Non-NRTIs)
     Resistance emerges if used individually, thus used in combination with HAART
     “add-on” (the mistress, kabit, other woman, paramour)
     Additive/ synergistic against HIV
    Protease Inhibitors
    Indinavir (indi na virgin) Nephrolithiasis, GI distress, plt, (-) P450
    Ritonavir (-) HIV GI distress, asthenia, paresthesia, (-
    HIV-1, HIV-2
    aspartate *In combination with 2 NRTIs
    )P450
    Saquinavir [Least toxic, very low oral
    protease bioavailability]
    Viral Neuraminidase Inhibitors
    Oseltamivir Oral Nausea, vomiting Given in patients with
    TUMMY FLU (i.e during
    influenza A and B outbreak of H1N1)
    Zanamivir (-) neuraminidase of Aerosol Nasal and throat irritation
    *prophylaxis, ↓duration of
    influenza A and B
    flu symptoms by 2-3 days

    NOTES:
    >HEMATOTOXIC – Ganciclovir (WBC,plt), Ribavirin, ZDV/AZT (PMN, RBC, Plt),
    >Crystalluria – Acyclovir, Ganciclovir

    MINA, J.A
    Made for Section 2B 2012

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