IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for seismic design of liquid storage tanks

Reference example for Lecture 7

Example 2 of IITK-GSDMA Guideline

Example 2/Page 1
 IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for seismic design of liquid storage
tanks

Example 2 – Elevated Intze Tank Supported on 6 Column RC Staging

2. Problem Statement:
An intze shape water container of 250 m 3 capacity is supported on RC staging of 6 columns with horizontal
bracings of 300 x 600 mm at three levels. Details of staging configuration are shown in Figure 2.1. Staging
conforms to ductile detailing as per IS 13920. Grade of concrete and steel are M20 and Fe415, respectively.
Tank is located on hard soil in seismic zone IV. Density of concrete is 25 kN/m 3. Analyze the tank for
seismic loads.
Solution:
Tank must be analysed for tank full and empty conditions.

2.1. Preliminary Data

Details of sizes of various components and geometry are shown in Table 2.1 and Figure 2.1.

Table 2.1 Sizes of various components

Component Size (mm)

Top Dome 120 thick

Top Ring Beam 250 x 300

Cylindrical Wall 200 thick

Bottom Ring Beam 500 x 300

Circular Ring Beam 500 x 600

Bottom Dome 200 thick

Conical Dome 250 thick

Braces 300 x 600

Columns 650 dia.

Example 2/Page 2
 IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for seismic design of liquid storage
tanks

2.2. Weight calculations

Table 2.2 Weight of various components

Components Calculations Weight (kN)

Top Dome Radius of dome,r1 = [((8.8/2)2 / 1.69) + 1.69)] / 2 = 6.57 209.3

2 x π x 6.57 x 1.69 x (0.12 x 25)

Top Ring Beam π x (8.6 + 0.25) x 0.25 x 0.30 x 25 52.1

Cylindrical Wall π x 8.8 x 0.20 x 4.0 x 25 552.9

Bottom Ring Beam π x (8.6 + 0.5) x 0.5 x 0.30 x 25 107.2

Circular Ring Beam π x 6.28 x 0.50 x 0.60 x 25 148

Bottom Dome Radius of dome, r2 = [(6.28/2)2 /1.40) + 1.40] / 2 = 4.22 185.6

2 x π x 4.22 x 1.40 x 0.20 x 25

Conical Dome Length of Cone, Lc = (1.652 + 1.412)1/2 = 2.17 321.3

π x ((8.80 + 6.28) / 2.0) x 2.17 x 0.25 x 25

Water [ (π x 8.62 x 3.7 /4) +( π x1.5( 8.62 + 5.632 + (8.6 x 5.63)) / 12 2,508
- (π x 1.3 x (3 x 4.22 -1.5) / 3) ] x 9.81
2

Columns π x (0.65)2 x 15.7 x 6 x 25 / 4 782

Braces 3.14 x 0.30 x 0.60 x 3 x 6 x 25 254

Note: - i) Wherever floor finish and plaster is provided, their weights should be included in the weight
calculations.
ii) No live load is considered on roof slab and gallery for seismic load computations.
iii) Water load is considered as dead load.
iv) For seismic analysis, free board is not included in depth of water.

From Table 2.2,

Weight of empty container = 209.3 + 52.1+ 552.9 + 107.2 + 148 + 185.6 + 321.3 = 1,576 kN
Weight of staging = 782 + 254 = 1,036 kN
Hence, weight of empty container + one third weight of staging = 1,576 + 1,036 / 3 = 1,921 kN

Example 2/Page 3
 IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for seismic design of liquid storage
tanks

Top dome 120 thick

1750

Top ring beam (250 x 300) 300

300
Wall 200 thick 3700
8600

Bottom ring beam (500 x 300) 300

Bottom dome 200 thick 1500

Conical dome 250 thick

Circular ring beam (500 x 600)
4000

Bracing (300 x 600)

4000
Column (650)

16300

4000

GL

4000
Top of footing

3140

(a) Elevation

650 dia column X

3140

(b) Plan of staging

(All dimensions in mm)

Figure 2.1: Details of tank geometry

Example 2/Page 4
 2.3. Center of Gravity of Empty Container
Components of empty container are: top dome, top ring beam, cylindrical wall, bottom ring beam, bottom
dome, conical dome and circular ring beam. With reference to Figure 2.2,
Height of CG of empty container above top of circular ring beam,
= [(209.3 x 7.22) + (52.1 x 5.9) + (552.9 x 3.8) + (107.2 x 1.65)
+ (321.3 x 1) + (185.6 x 0.92) – (148 x 0.3)] / 1,576
= 2.88 m
Height of CG of empty container from top of footing, hcg = 16.3 + 2.88 = 19.18 m.
Y

1750
Top Dome

Top Ring Beam 300

8600
Wall
4000
CG

Bottom Ring Beam 2880 300

Bottom Dome
1500
Conical Dome X
600
Circular Ring Beam
(All Dimensions in mm)
Figure 2.2 Details of tank container

2.4. Parameters of Spring Mass Model

Total weight of water = 2,508 kN = 25,08,000 N. mc = 0.43 x 2,55,658 = 1,09,933 kg
Volume of water = 2,508 / 9.81 = 255.65 m3 hi / h = 0.375; hi = 0.375 x 4.4 = 1.65 m
Mass of water, m = 2,55,658 kg. hi* / h = 0.78; hi* = 0.78 x 4.4 = 3.43 m
Inner diameter of tank, D = 8.6 m. hc / h = 0.61; hc = 0.61 x 4.4 = 2.68 m
For obtaining parameters of spring mass model, h / h = 0.78; hc* = 0.78 x 4.4 = 3.43 m.
c
*

an equivalent circular container of same volume ( Section 4.2.1)

and diameter equal to diameter of tank at top level
of liquid will be considered. About 55% of liquid mass is excited in impulsive
mode while 43% liquid mass participates in
( Section 4.2.3) convective mode. Sum of impulsive and
Let h be the height of equivalent circular cylinder, convective mass is 2,50,545 kg which is about 2
% less than the total mass of liquid.
π (D /2)2 h = 255.65
Mass of empty container + one third mass of
h = 255.65 / [π x (8.6 / 2)2] = 4.4 m staging,
For h / D = 4.4 / 8.6 = 0.51, ms = ( 1,576 + 1,036 / 3 ) x (1,000 / 9.81)
m i / m = 0.55; = 1,95,821 kg.
mi = 0.55 x 2,55,658 = 1,40,612 kg
mc /m = 0.43;

Example 2/Page 5
 2.5. Lateral Stiffness of Staging 2.6. Time Period
Lateral stiffness of staging is defined as the force Time period of impulsive mode,
required to be applied at the CG of tank so as to
get a corresponding unit deflection. As per mi  m s
Ti = 2 ( Section
Section 4.3.1.3, CG of tank is the combined CG Ks
of empty container and impulsive mass. However, 4.3.1.3)
in this example, CG of tank is taken as CG of
empty container. 1,40,612  1,95,821
= 2
Finite element software is used to model the 178.0  10 5
staging (Refer Figure 2.3). Modulus of elasticity = 0.86 sec.
for M20 concrete is obtained as 5,000 f ck =
Time period of convective mode,
5,000 x 20 = 22,360 MPa or 22.36 x 106
kN/m2. Since container portion is quite rigid, a D
Tc = C c
rigid link is assumed from top of staging to the g
CG of tank. In FE model of staging, length of
rigid link is = 2.88 + 0.3 = 3.18 m. For h / D = 0.51, Cc = 3.35
From the analysis deflection of CG of tank due to ( Section 4.3.2.2 (a))
an arbitrary 10 kN force is obtained as
8.6
5.616E-04 m. Thus, Tc = 3.35 = 3.14 sec.
9.81
Thus, lateral stiffness of staging, Ks
= 10 / (5.616E-04) = 17,800 kN/m 2.7. Design Horizontal Seismic
Coefficient
Stiffness of this type of staging can also be
obtained using method described by Sameer and Design horizontal seismic coefficient for
Jain (1992). impulsive mode,
Here analysis of staging is being performed for Z I  Sa 
(Ah)i =  
earthquake loading in X-direction. However, for 2 R  g  i
some members of staging, earthquake loading in
Y-direction will be critical, as described in ( Sections 4.5 and 4.5.1)
Section 4.8.2.
Where,
Z = 0.24 (IS 1893(Part 1): Table 2; Zone IV)
I = 1.5 ( Table 1)
Since staging has special moment resisting frames
(SMRF), R is taken as 2.5
( Table 2)
Here, Ti = 0.86 sec,
Site has hard soil,
Damping = 5%, ( Section 4.4)
Hence, (Sa /g) i = 1.16
(IS 1893(Part 1): Figure 2)
0.24 1.5
(Ah)i =  1.16 = 0.084
2 2. 5
Design horizontal seismic coefficient for
convective mode,
Figure 2.3 FE model of staging
 Z I  Sa  2.9. Base Moment
(Ah)c =   ( Sections 4.5 and
2 R  g c Overturning moment at the base of staging in
4.5.1) impulsive mode,

Where, Mi* = (Ah)i [ mi ( hi* + hs ) + ms hcg ] g

Z = 0.24 (IS 1893(Part 1): Table 2; Zone IV) ( Section 4.7.2)

For convective mode, value of R is taken same as = 0.084 x [1,40,612 x (3.43 + 16.3)
that for impulsive mode as per Section 4.5.1. + (1,95,821 x 19.18)] x 9.81
Here, Tc = 3.14 sec, = 5,381 kN-m
Site has hard soil, Similarly, overturning moment in convective
Damping = 0.5%, ( Section 4.4) mode,

Hence, as per Section 4.5.3 and IS 1893(Part 1): Mc* = (Ah) c mc ( hc* + hs ) g
2002, Figure 2 ( Section 4.7.2)
(Sa /g)c = 1.75 x 0.318 = 0.56 = 0.040 x 1,09,933 x (3.43 + 16.3) x 9.81
Multiplying factor of 1.75 is used to obtain Sa /g = 852 kN-m
values for 0.5% damping from that for 5%
damping. Total overturning moment,

( Section 4.5.4)
*2 *2
(Ah)c =
0.24 1.5
2

2.5
 0.56 = 0.040
M* =
Mi  Mc ( Section 4.7.3)

2.8. Base Shear =  5,381 2

  852
2

Base shear at the bottom of staging, in impulsive

= 5,448 kN-m.
mode,
Note: Hydrodynamic pressure calculations will be
Vi = (Ah)i (mi +ms) g ( Section 4.6.2)
similar to those shown in Example 1 and hence
= 0.084 x (1,40,612 + 1,95,821) x 9.81 are not included here.
= 277 kN
2.10. Sloshing Wave Height
Similarly, base shear in convective mode,
dmax = ( Ah)c R D / 2 ( Section 4.11)
Vc = (Ah)c mc g ( Section 4.6.2)
= 0.040 x 2.5 x 8.6 / 2
= 0.040 x 1,09,933 x 9.81
= 0.43 m.
= 43 kN
Total base shear at the bottom of staging, 2.11. Analysis for Tank Empty Condition
For empty condition, tank will be considered as
V = Vi 2  Vc 2 ( Section single degree of freedom system as described in
4.6.3) Section 4.7.4.
=  277  2
  43
2
Mass of empty container + one third mass of
staging, ms = 1,95,821 kg.
= 280 kN.
Stiffness of staging, Ks = 17,800 kN/m.
It may be noted that total lateral base shear is
about 6 % of total seismic weight (4,429 kN) of 2.11.1. Time Period
tank. Time period of impulsive mode,

ms
T = Ti = 2 
Ks
 1,95,821
= 2π = 0.66 sec
178.0  105
2.11.3. Base Shear
Empty tank will not convective mode of
vibration. Total base shear,
2.11.2. Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient V = Vi = (Ah)i ms g ( Section 4.6.2)
Design horizontal seismic coefficient = 0.12 x 1,95,821 x 9.81
corresponding to impulsive time period Ti, = 211 kN.
Z I  Sa  2.11.4. Base Moment
(Ah)i =   ( Section 4.5)
2 R  g i Total base moment,
Where, M* = (Ah)i ms hcg g ( Section 4.7.3)
Z = 0.24 (IS 1893(Part 1): Table 2; Zone IV) = 0.11 x 1,95,821 x 19.18 x 9.81
I = 1.5 ( Table 1) = 4,053 kN-m
R = 2.5 ( Table 2) Since total base shear (280 kN) and base moment
(5,448 kN-m) in tank full condition are more than
Here, Ti = 0.66 sec,
base shear (211 kN) and base moment
Site has hard soil, (4,053 kN-m) in tank empty condition, design
Damping = 5%, will be governed by tank full condition.

Hence, (Sa /g)i = 1.52

(IS 1893(Part 1): 2002Figure 2)

0.24 1.5
(Ah)i =  1.52 = 0.11.
2 2 .5