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Modeling of Contact Interaction With Friction: Author: Margarita Kovtun Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University

1) The document describes a modeling approach for contact interactions that considers friction. It develops an algorithm based on minimizing the deformation energy of a mechanical system. 2) The key aspects are representing bodies using a rigidity matrix, establishing equilibrium equations relating forces and displacements, and imposing constraints based on the Coulomb dry friction law. 3) The approach is demonstrated on 1D, 2D sliding, and rod bending examples. Results show good agreement with finite element analysis and capture expected dependencies on friction coefficient and applied forces.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
83 views27 pages

Modeling of Contact Interaction With Friction: Author: Margarita Kovtun Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University

1) The document describes a modeling approach for contact interactions that considers friction. It develops an algorithm based on minimizing the deformation energy of a mechanical system. 2) The key aspects are representing bodies using a rigidity matrix, establishing equilibrium equations relating forces and displacements, and imposing constraints based on the Coulomb dry friction law. 3) The approach is demonstrated on 1D, 2D sliding, and rod bending examples. Results show good agreement with finite element analysis and capture expected dependencies on friction coefficient and applied forces.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modeling of contact interaction

with friction

Author: Margarita Kovtun


Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University
Objective
• Contact problems are highly nonlinear,
their solution is always expensive in terms
of time and resources

• Development of the algorithm based on


the minimization of deformation energy of
mechanical system

• Two main spheres of application:


simulation of riveting process, modeling of
sliding between soil layers
Contents

• Problem statement
• Rigidity matrix concept
• Computational procedure
• Applications
- One-dimensional problem
- Sliding
- Rode bending
• Future improvements
Problem statement
Two parts are initially separated, distance between them – initial gap

F – applied loads

initial gap

contact zone

Unknown variables: U – vector of displacements in the contact zone

U = arg min W , where W – deformation energy of the mechanical system

Bodies may slide relative to each other according to the dry friction law
Rigidity matrix (1)
1
Deformatio n energy : W = U T ⋅ K ⋅ U , K - rigidity matrix
2
Elastic body
Fixations

Area of possible contact Computational nodes

Thus, we substitute the body by its rigidity matrix, having


the equality:
F = K ⋅U
Rigidity matrix (2)

Elastic body
Fixations

Area of possible contact Computational nodes

Loads can be applied in computational nodes in any direction

F = ( f1x , f1 y , f1z , f 2 x , f 2 y , f 2 z ,L, f nx , f ny , f nz )


T
Rigidity matrix (2)

Elastic body
Fixations

Area of possible contact Computational nodes

Loads can be applied in computational nodes in any direction

F = ( f1x , f1 y , f1z , f 2 x , f 2 y , f 2 z , L , f nx , f ny , f nz )
T
Rigidity matrix (2)

Elastic body
Fixations

⎛ u1x ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ u1 y ⎟
⎜u ⎟
⎝ 1z ⎠
Area of possible contact Computational nodes

Displacements of nodes are calculated in all direction

U = (u1x , u1 y , u1z , u 2 x , u 2 y , u 2 z ,L, u nx , u ny , u nz )


T
Main idea
1
Energy of deformation: W = U T ⋅ K ⋅U → min
2
Forces acting on the system are balanced: K ⋅U = F

Displacements in normal direction are restricted: UN ≤ Δ

Forces in contact nodes should obey Coulomb law: Fτ ≤ μ Fn

initial gap

contact zone
One-dimensional problem
Felastic Felastic
x1 x2 x3
F
Fтр
N −1 N
c T c 2
Energy of deformation: W ( x1 , x2 , K x N ) = ⋅ U KU = u N + c ∑ ui − c ∑ ui ui −1
2

2 2 i =1 i =1

where c – spring rate, m – mass

Friction force Elastic force

− μmg ≤ c (ui +1 − ui ) − c(ui − ui −1 ) ≤ μmg , i = 1, K , N − 1

− μmg ≤ F − c(u N − u N −1 ) ≤ μmg


Results

F (H) x1 x2 x3
№ (м) (м) (м) Scheme of bodies displacements

1 3 0 0 0 x1 x2 x3 F
Fтр

x1 x2 x3 F
2 6 0 0 2
Fтр Fтр

3 9 0 1 6 x1 x2 x3 F
Fтр Fтр Fтр

x1 x2 x3 F
4 14 2 8 18
Fтр Fтр Fтр
2D sliding
• 2D deformable body
• Made of isotropic material
• Moves on the rigid foundation
• Gap between bodies initially is closed

F
Rigid foundation
2D sliding
• Compute rigidity matrix by mentioned
procedure
1
W = U T ⋅ K ⋅U → min
2
F
• All the nodes are contact ones: Rigid foundation
• Gap is zero: U y = 0

• Couloumb-Mohr law is to be satisfied in


each node:
Fτ ≤ μ Fn
Results comparison
max U calc − U ANSYS
Relative error : ε = i =1, n

max U ANSYS
i =1, n

friction coefficient = const

0.6

0.5

0.4

Error, % 0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Force
Results comparison
max U calc − U ANSYS
Relative error : ε = i =1, n

max U ANSYS
i =1, n

Force = const

1.20

1.00

0.80

Error,% 0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60
friction coefficient
Results comparison
Dependence of displacements in X-direction on the force value

3.50E-03

3.00E-03

2.50E-03
Force = 50H
2.00E-03 Force = 200H
Ux
Force = 800H
1.50E-03
Force = 3200H
1.00E-03

5.00E-04

0.00E+00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Node number
Results comparison
Dependence of displacements in X-direction on
the value of friction coefficient

6.00E-05

5.00E-05

4.00E-05 mu=0.05
mu=0.2
Ux 3.00E-05 mu=0.5
mu=1
2.00E-05

1.00E-05

0.00E+00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Node number
2D sliding

Body deformation for mu = 1 Body deformation for mu = 0.1


Rode bending

Fixations
y
Applied load xN
x

x2 5 mm
x1
1 mm

Gap elimination
• Contact problem
Calculation of sliding distances

• Zone of possible contact depends on applied loads

• It is necessary to derive iterative procedure


Iterative procedure

contact nodes nodes in equilibrium

Equilibrium equations: K ⋅ U = F

Unknown forces appear: K ⋅ U = F + f contact ,


f contact - reaction force or friction force

Coulomb-Mohr law: Fτ ≤ μ Fn
Iterative procedure

Parts are separated: K ⋅U = F

Compute force Fmin so that


one node comes in contact

false
If F > Fmin
Done
true

Substitute the equality K ⋅ U = F


by unequality Fτ ≤ μ Fn
in new contact node
Results
Dependence of displacement in X-direction on the friction
coefficient value in the last node

0.0018

0.0016

0.0014
0.0012
sliding
0.001
Ux sticking
0.0008

0.0006
0.0004

0.0002

0
0 0.0025 0.005 0.0075 0.01 0.0125 0.015 0.0175 0.02 0.0225 0.025
Friction coefficient
Results
Dependence of displacement in X-direction on the
force value in the last node

0.012

0.01
Displacements

0.008

mu=0.15
0.006
mu = 0

0.004

0.002

0
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Force
Results
Dependence of relative error on the force value
max U calc − U ANSYS
Relative error : ε = i =1, n

max U ANSYS
i =1, n

0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
Error 0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Force
Deformation shapes

Two contact nodes One contact node


Future improvements and investigations

• Sliding: - modeling two flexible bodies interaction


- modeling systems with refined meshes
- 3D geometry simulation

• Riveting process simulation:


- modeling 2D and 3D objects
- optimizing the procedure of defining
contact zone
Thank you!

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