Math 3363 Homework 1 Solutions

Spring 2018

Please use a pencil and do the problems in the order in which they are listed.
Write on only one side of each page and staple your pages.

1. Find the solution to

00 () + 2 = 0 for 0 ≤  ≤ 4

0 (0) = 3 and
(4) = 1

Solution.
00 () = −2
so
1
0 () = − 3 + 1 
3
0
Since  (0) = 3, it follows that 1 = 3 so
1
0 () = − 3 + 3
3
Integrating again we have
1 4
() = −  + 3 + 2
12
Using (4) = 1 we have
1 4
− 4 + 12 + 2 = 1
12
so
31
2 =
3
and
1 4 31
() = −  + 3 +
12 3

1
2. Do Problem 1.4.2(b) on page 18 of the text. The differential equation to solve is

0 00 () + () = 0

0 is a constant and heat flowing to the right at coordinate  is −0 0 ()

Solution. Since () = 0 , the differential equation becomes

00 () = −

Integrating twice, we have

1
0 () = − 2 + 1
2
and
1
() = − 3 + 1  + 2 
6
Since (0) = 0 it follows that 2 = 0. Then since () = 0 we have 0 = − 16 3 + 1 
so 1 = 16 2  Thus
1 1
() = − 3 + 2 
6 6
and
1 1
0 () = − 2 + 2 
2 6
0 2
−0 0 (0) = −
6
and
0 
−0 0 () = 
3
Heat flowing out at 0 is heat flowing to the left there which is
0 2
−(−0 0 (0)) = 
6
Heat flowing out at  is heat flowing to the right there which is
0 
−0 0 () = 
3

3. Let
() =  − 4
and let
() = 1 for 0 ≤  ≤ 4
Find the value of  so that the following problem has an equilibrium solution.
 2
( ) = ( ) + () for 0 ≤  ≤ 4 and  ≥ 0
 2
2
 
(0 ) = 1 for  ≥ 0 


(4 ) =  for  ≥ 0 and

( 0) = () for 0 ≤  ≤ 4

Solution. The corresponding equilibrium problem is

0 = 00 () + () for 0 ≤  ≤ 4 and  ≥ 0

0 (0) = 1
0 (4) = .
From the differential equation we have

00 () = 4 − 

and integrating from 0 to 4 we have

Z 4
0 0
 (4) −  (0) = (4 − ) = 8
0

so
 − 1 = 8
Thus
 = 9

4. Find the equilibrium solution  for Problem 3. There should be no undetermined

constant in your answer. You may assume that

lim ( ) = ()

→∞

for 0 ≤  ≤  and you may interchange limits and integrals when you need to do this.

Solution. We have

00 () + ( − 4) = 0 for 0 ≤  ≤ 4

0 (0) = 1 and
0 (4) = 9

Integrating the differential equation we get

1
0 () = − 2 + 4 + 1 
2

3
Using 0 (0) = 1 we find that 1 = 1 so
1
0 () = − 2 + 4 + 1
2
Integrating again we have
1
() = − 3 + 22 +  + 2 
6
In order to find 2 we show that
Z 4
( )
0

is constant in time.
Z Z 4 Z 4µ 2 ¶
 4   
( ) = ( ) = ( ) + () 
 0 0  0 2
Z 4
 
= (4 ) − (0 ) + ( − 4)
  0
= 9−1−8
= 0

Thus Z 4
( )
0
is constant in 
Z 4 Z 4 Z 4
4 = 1 = () = ( 0)
0 0 0
Z 4
= ( ) (any )
0
Z 4 Z 4
= lim ( ) = lim ( )
→∞ 0 0 →∞
Z 4 Z 4
1
= () = (− 3 + 22 +  + 2 )
0 0 6
= 40 + 42 

Thus
2 = −9
and
1
() = − 3 + 22 +  − 9
6