A Project Report

On
SMART TOURIST APPLICATION

Submitted to Amity University Dubai

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the

degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science and Engineering

by

PANKTI GANDHI AND VIJAYALAKSHMI

VEDANTHAM

under the guidance of

Dr. Piyush Maheshwari and Dr. Maninder Kaur

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Amity University Dubai

JUNE 2016
 DECLARATION

We, Pankti Gandhi and Vijayalakshmi Vedantham, students of B.Tech (Computer

Science and Engineering) hereby declare that the project titled “Smart Tourist
Application” which is submitted by us to Department of Computer Science, Amity
University Dubai, in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering, has not been previously
formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or other similar title or
recognition.

Date Name and signature of Students

ii
 CERTIFICATE

On the basis of declaration submitted by Pankti Gandhi and Vijayalakshmi Vedantham,

students of B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering, I hereby certify that the
project titled “Smart Tourist Application” which is submitted to Department of
Computer Science, Amity University Dubai, in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and
Engineering, is an original contribution with existing knowledge and faithful record of
work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision.

To the best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted in part or full for any
Degree or Diploma to this University or elsewhere.

Date: 7 June 2016

Project Guide:

Dr. Piyush Maheshwari

Head of Engineering
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Amity University Dubai

Dr. Maninder Kaur

Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Amity University Dubai

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We take this opportunity to express our deepest gratitude and appreciation to all those
who have helped us directly or indirectly towards the successful completion of this
project.

First and foremost, we would like to express our profound appreciation and gratitude
to our esteemed guides Dr. Piyush Maheshwari and Dr. Maninder Kaur, Department of
Computer Science & Engineering, Amity University Dubai for their insightful advice,
encouragement, guidance, critics, and valuable suggestions throughout the course of
our project work. Without their continued support and interest, this project would not
have been the same as presented here.

We would like thank the teaching and non- teaching staff in the Department of
Computer Science & Engineering, Amity University Dubai for their invaluable
guidance and support during the course of our undergraduate program.

We are also grateful to our parents, supporting families and friends for their help,
encouragement and invaluable suggestions.

Pankti Gandhi, AUD0343

Vijayalakshmi Vedantham, AUD0349

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 ABSTRACT

Smart phones have made a major impact on the lives of people leading to substantial
improvements in development of mobile applications during the past few years. These
days, mobile phones offer numerous capabilities in addition to conventional phone
calls.

One of the areas that users can benefit from smart phone applications is tourism. Mobile
tourism guides can provide a tourist with ubiquitous access to tourism information at
anytime and from anywhere. To this end, an application that can guide tourists with
valuable information can be very useful. The aim of this application is to provide
tourism and geographical services that encourage tourists to travel around the city and
reduce the effort and time to organize the city trip. It offers access to features such as
detailed travel directory, personalized daily itineraries that are automatically generated
based on visitors’ preferences, popularity of the points of interest, operating hours and
location, Detailed maps and location-based navigation by public transport and micro-
location based push notifications that provide rich and in depth information about the
destination

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ................................................................................................. ii

CERTIFICATE ...................................................................................................iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. iv

ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................ viii

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... viii

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1

1.1 IOT, ICT and Smart Cities ............................................................................. 1
1.2 Motivation ...................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Objectives ....................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 4

2.1 Need for smart cities: ...................................................................................... 4
2.2 Big data in tourism ......................................................................................... 5
2.3 Pillars of a Smart City .................................................................................... 6
2.4 Tourism destination ........................................................................................ 8
2.5 Dubai as a Smart City ..................................................................................... 8
2.6 Existing Mobile City Guides and Similar Solutions....................................... 11
2.6.1 Dubai GuidePal ................................................................................................ 11
2.6.2 TripIt................................................................................................................. 12
2.6.3 Furkot ............................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ......................................................................15

3.1 Android ........................................................................................................ 15
3.1.1 Features of Android ......................................................................................... 16
3.1.2 Android Core Building Blocks........................................................................ 16
3.1.3 Architecture...................................................................................................... 18
3.2 IOS ............................................................................................................... 20
3.2.1 Swift Vs Objective C ............................................................................................ 21
3.3 Bluetooth Low Energy and Beacons.............................................................. 22

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 3.3.1 How Bluetooth Works ..................................................................................... 22
3.3.2 Custom Beacon................................................................................................. 22
3.4 API and SDK Used ....................................................................................... 25
3.4.1 Zomato API ...................................................................................................... 25
3.4.2 Directions API .................................................................................................. 26
3.4.3 Expedia API ..................................................................................................... 26
3.4.4 Google Places API ............................................................................................ 27
3.4.5 Facebook SDK.................................................................................................. 27

CHAPTER 4: SOLUTION .................................................................................28

4.1 Class Diagram .............................................................................................. 28
4.2 Implementation of Functions ........................................................................ 29
4.2.1 Login and Signup ............................................................................................. 29
4.2.2 Beacons and Reviews ....................................................................................... 30
4.2.3 Create an Itinerary .......................................................................................... 31
4.2.4 How user interacts with the itinerary ............................................................ 32
4.2.5 On Arrival to Dubai......................................................................................... 33
4.3 Application Screenshots ................................................................................ 34

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE .....................................34

5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 34
5.2 Future Scope ................................................................................................. 34

REFERENCES ...................................................................................................35

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

GPS Global Positioning System

API Application Programming Interface
AOSP Android Open Source Project
SDK Software Development Kit
UI User Interface
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
IOT Internet of Things
ICT Information and Communications Technology
POI Point of Interest

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Smart City Wheel............…………………………….……………………3

Figure 2.1 Pillars of a Smart City ………………….…………………………………7
Figure 2.2 Dubai GuidePal…………………………………………………………...12
Figure 2.3 TripIt Itinerary Generation ……………………...……………….……….13
Figure 2.4 Planning a trip on Furkot………...………………………………….……14
Figure 3.1 Android OS Architecture……………………………………….……...…18
Figure 3.2 Advertising Packet Structure of BLE …………………….……………...23
Figure 3.3 nRF24 ShockBust(TM) packet structure ……………………….…….….24
Figure 3.4 LFSR implementation of CRC-24 in BLE …………….………………...25
Figure 3.5 Arduino Uno ……………………………………………...………….…..25
Figure 4.1 A class diagram showing overall application overview.…………...…….28
Figure 4.2 A Sequence diagram showing Login and Sign up Functions ……......…..29
Figure 4.3 A Sequence diagram showing how the user interacts with the app at a
particular POI……………………………………………….……………30
Figure 4.4 A Sequence Diagram showing how the user can create an Itinerary.….....31

viii
Figure 4.5 A Sequence Diagram showing how the user can interact with an existing
itinerary…………………………………………………………….….…32
Figure 4.6 A Sequence Diagram showing how the app behaves once the user reaches
Dubai…….………………………………………………………...….…33

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Features of Related Applications………………………….…….……...…14

Table 3.1 Features of Android………………………………..……...……………….16

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Today computers and, therefore, the Internet are almost wholly dependent on human
beings for information. Nearly all of the roughly 50 petabytes (a petabyte is
1,024 terabytes) of data available on the Internet were first captured and created by
human beings by typing, pressing a record button, taking a digital picture or scanning
a bar code.
The problem is that human beings have limited time, attention and accuracy which
means that they are not very good at capturing data about things in the real world. If
there were computers that knew everything there was to know about things using data
they gathered without any help from humans then it would become very easy to track
and count everything, thus greatly reducing waste, loss and cost. We would know when
things needed replacing, repairing or recalling and whether they were fresh or past their
best.
Today computers and, therefore, the Internet are almost wholly dependent on human
beings for information. Nearly all of the roughly 50 petabytes (a petabyte is
1,024 terabytes) of data available on the Internet were first captured and created by
human beings by typing, pressing a record button, taking a digital picture or scanning
a bar code.
The problem is that human beings have limited time, attention and accuracy which
means that they are not very good at capturing data about things in the real world. If
there were computers that knew everything there was to know about things using data
they gathered without any help from humans then it would become very easy to track
and count everything, thus greatly reducing waste, loss and cost. We would know when
things needed replacing, repairing or recalling and whether they were fresh or past their
best. [1]

1.1 IOT, ICT and Smart Cities

IOT
The term Internet Of Things (IoT) was firstly coined by Kevin Ashton (Massachusetts
Institute of Technology) in 1999. He defined IoT as a network that connect anything in

1
anytime and anyplace in order to identify, locate, manage and monitor smart objects
[2]. IoT creates platforms that are able to transmit range types of data using a
participatory sensing system [3].

ICT
ICT (Information and communications technology - or technologies) is an umbrella
term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio,
television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite
systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them,
such as videoconferencing and distance learning.

Smart City
A smart city can be defined as "a city in which ICT is merged with traditional
infrastructures, coordinated and integrated using new digital technologies" [4]; its main
goals are "developing a new understanding of urban problems, effective and feasible
way too coordinate urban technologies; models and methods for using urban data across
spatial and temporal scales; developing new technologies for communication and
dissemination; developing new forms of urban governance and organization; defining
critical problems relating to cities, transport, and energy; and identifying risk,
uncertainty and hazards in the smart city" [5].

Boyd Cohen has developed Smart City Wheel as a tool to support the development of
Smart Cities strategies as well as tracking their progress. Within this wheel, [6] has
defined few indicators for each of the smartness dimensions, namely
(1) Smart Governance that relates with aspect of transparency within governance
systems through modernization of city administration by supporting data openness and
public involvement;
(2) Smart Environment which is related to energy optimization that leads to sustainable
management of available resources;
(3) Smart Mobility which referred to accessibility within the city as well as outside the
city and availability of modern transportation systems;
(4) Smart Economy which is related to implementation of economic strategies based
around digital technology;
(5) Smart People which linked to the qualification level of city’s human capital; and

2
(6) Smart Living which involve the quality of life which measured in terms of healthy
environment, social cohesion, tourist attraction and availability of cultural and
educational services [7].

Figure 1.1: Smart City Wheel

1.2 Motivation

Even in a period of economic crisis, international tourism industry results exceeded

expectations and are expected to continue to grow in coming years. Dubai continues to
climb the ranks as one of the top destinations for international tourists with 20 million
estimated visitors by 2020

Taking into account that about 95% of tourists use digital tools in search of the best
experience before, during and after travelling and that the average customer accesses a
combination of 19 sites and apps during his visit, we quickly realized that this is a
golden opportunity for tourism based companies. In fact, booking through mobile
devices has increased in recent months and is expected to reach 25% of all online
transactions in 2017. This comes as no surprise given that nowadays a great deal of
travel planning and booking is done by the travelers themselves. (Recent data shows
that one in every five people in the world owns a Smartphone and spends most of their
time on the phone using apps. It is easy to understand that visitors prefer this type of
portable, convenient, practical and simple technology when travelling, especially
geolocation-enabled applications such as the GPS.

3
We have developed our app in both IOS and android thereby making our application
accessible to more than 95% of smartphone users.

1.3 Objectives
The primary objective of this project is to provide a tourist who is new to Dubai with
all the information he/she may need to make their stay in Dubai as comfortable as
possible
The specific objectives of this project are:
 To enable a user to create an itinerary based on his/her interests, budget and
duration of visit
 View all spots based on categories (Hotels, Restaurants and Points of Interest)
and make their own favorite spots list
 Tourists can see all the nearest spots on the map according to their current
location.
 To provide a user with public transport navigation
 To give the user a virtual tour of a point of interest
 Social media integration
 Using beacons to provide users with information about a point of interest
when they reach there

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1Need for smart cities:

In marketing language, smartness is centered on a user perspective, which makes it
more user-friendly than intelligent [8]. Smart Cities have the ability to give intelligent
response to various kinds of needs, including daily livelihood as well as city services
and commercial activities that happen within the same time interval [9]. Smart Cities
are not only considered as the outcome of innovative process but also as innovation
ecosystems that empower communities’ co-creation for designing innovative living
resulting in constant dynamic innovation and engagement with all stakeholders [10].
With consumers taking over the process of co-creation, destinations need to realize that
conventional approach has become obsolete and they need to interconnect all their

4
stakeholders to facilitate a dynamic co-creation process to increase destination
competitiveness [11].
ICT make cities more accessible and enjoyable for both residents and visitors through
interactive service interconnecting all local organizations to provide real time services
and use data centrally for better coordination. Indeed, ICT supports cities in addressing
their societal challenges. The development of Smart City also facilitates seamless
access to value-added services both for its citizens and tourists as city visitors, such as
access to real-time information on public transportation network.
Further, Smart City has enable interconnectivity among city stakeholder through
Internet of Things which allows cities to dynamically engage with their stakeholder
[12]. In a tourism context, tourists could simply use their mobile phones to explore the
destination and events of interest using in-situ data collection and reporting. These
activities leave massive size of digital traces resulting in multidimensional set of data
which known as Big Data. By managing Big Data, tourism organizations could extract
valuable insight from avalanche of information that could elevates them to a new
dimension of customer experience and improves the way they interact with customer
[13].
There are two main information sources:
(1) information coming from the city resulting from sensors, city elements and Open
Data; and (2) information coming from the citizens and visitors as digital footprint from
their social media activities.
Although tourism often incorporates elements of spontaneity and exploration, seems
that tourism industries in general are assuming that uncertainty reduction is preferable.
In fact, tourists might actually seek out risk and opportunity to get lost and explore. To
this end, some intelligent systems are now being developed in accordance to stress the
importance of inspiring rather than precisely matching tourists’ preference [14]

2.2 Big data in tourism

In today’s world every experience can be captured, aggregated and analyzed. Doing so
stands to improve each transaction as it occurs—to improve the customer experience.
But the process also yields the potential to learn from all types of interactions, to piece
that learning into a larger social and business mosaic, and, as a result, to understand not
just what has happened but what will happen in the future and why.

5
The HTT (Hotel, Travel and Tourism) sector is an inherent data generator, creating
millions of records about travel behavior on a daily basis. Before the advent of cloud
computing, Hadoop-enabled parallel processing, and other innovations, the technology
itself did not enable companies to gather cost effectively the customer’s voice and to
seek larger patterns. Big Data and Big Data analytics change this dynamic, bringing a
set of new benefits to the analysis of what might otherwise be considered low value
transactions.
Dealing directly with consumers, HTT companies not only have the opportunity to
generate transactions but to create interactions, whether triggered by paid space
advertising, proprietary websites and other internally controlled social media outlets,
email, mobile, search, earned media, rented or publicly available lists or other
channels.4 The use of sensors and geo-location data add significant real-time
capabilities to the mix. “Many in the travel industry are moving rapidly toward real-
time online personalization in their customer experience, and this is a transformative
use of data,” SAS CTO Keith Collins maintains.
Indeed, one source says consumers are 71 percent more like to make a purchase
decision if it is based on a social media referral.
Take the photos being posted on Facebook or Instagram. Would the traveler sharing
snaps from a trip to Ireland be interested in information about Scotland? If shown on a
mountain bike, would that individual want to know more about local biking destinations
or biking clubs? If shown standing in front of a car with a bicycle roof rack, wouldn’t
a trunk rack be easier to use and avoid back problems down the road? Facebook adds
100 million photos a day.

2.3 Pillars of a Smart City

The main pillars of smartness for any city are human capital, infrastructure, and
information.

6
 Figure 2.1: Pillars of a Smart City
A smart city operates on a 4-step process:
1. Capture data
Smart devices at the ground level are responsible for collecting data and, as far as
possible, doing this in real time. For example, sensors along roads can collect
information about traffic congestion and road conditions, and smart meters in houses
and offices can track electricity consumption dynamically. Recent technological
advancements and the decreasing cost of devices have made it feasible to install
millions of devices in cities. These devices form the basic backbone of a smart city.
2. Communicate
Data from smart devices and infrastructure needs to be communicated between servers
and control centers. Smart cities need a communication layer that facilitates this
interaction and connects various devices while ensuring interoperability, integrity,
scalability and privacy. An integrated communications strategy must involve
communication infrastructure providers, service providers, IT vendors and city
governments.
3. Analyse
Once data is collected centrally, the smart city needs to make sense of it to form
actionable insights. This “data crunching” typically requires algorithms and computers
that are capable of processing data and transforming it into intelligence. For example,
data from traffic sensors could indicate congestion in certain areas, and alternative
routes could be suggested.
4. Act
The final step is to use this analysis to make decisions or influence behavior. For
example, a comprehensive electronic database of patient’s medical records of patients

7
captured by hospitals could be used to make strategic healthcare infrastructure decisions
based on residents’ demand for medical services.

2.4 Tourism destination

Bringing Smartness into Tourism Destinations requires dynamically interconnecting
stakeholders through a technological platform on which information relating to tourism
activities could be exchange instantly. This integrated platform must have multiple
touch points that can be accessed through a variety of end-user devices which will
support the creation and facilitation of real-time tourism experiences and improve the
effectiveness of tourism resources management throughout the destination at both the
micro and macro level.

Smart Tourism Destinations take advantage of:

(1) Technology embedded environments;
(2) Responsive processes at micro and macro levels
(3) End-user devices in multiple touch-points; and
(4) Engaged stakeholders that use the platform dynamically as a neural system.

The ultimate aim is to utilize the system to enhance tourism experience and improve
the effectiveness of resource management towards maximizing both destination
competitiveness and consumer satisfaction while also demonstrate sustainability over
an extended timeframe.

2.5 Dubai as a Smart City

The smart city project has been conceptualized under the visionary leadership of His
Highness Shaikh Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime
Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, and Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin
Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai and General Supervisor of the Dubai smart
city project.

According to Dubai’s Telecom Regulatory Authority, Dubai had over 16 million

mobile subscribers with a penetration rate of 193% in 2013. Dubai has recently
embarked on a large scale transformation program to become one of the smartest cities
in the world. Dubai’s smart city initiatives aim to improve the quality of life of its

8
people by “embracing innovation, and making Dubai more efficient, seamless, safe and
delivering an enriched city experience through smart technology”.
Dubai’s smart city strategy includes over 100 initiatives and a plan to transform 1,000
government services into smart services. The project aims to encourage collaboration
between the public and private sectors to achieve targets in six ‘smart’ focus areas:
smart life, smart transportation, smart society, smart economy, smart governance and
smart environment. The strategy relies on three basic principles: communication,
integration and cooperation.

(1) Telecom: In 2014, Du, a leading UAE telecom provider, announced that, as part of
Dubai’s smart city initiatives, it would create 5,000 hotspots to offer free Wi-Fi at 100
locations in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Du promised to offer free, unlimited, fast access to
government apps; low-bandwidth free Wi-Fi; and paid premium, high-bandwidth Wi-
Fi.
Etisalat and Huawei recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding which will
deepen the strategic partnerships in new areas such as Public Cloud, Software-Defined
Networking (SDN), and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). This will assist in
further developing new ‘smart city solutions’ for Dubai.
(2) Transportation: The RTA has recently announced the transition of all its
applicable services to smart apps. With the help of nine mobile apps, RTA offers 173
services that help people complete transactions with a tap on their smartphone. The
apps available on all smart phone platforms include Smart Drive, Wojhati, Smart Salik,
Smart Parking, Smart Taxi, Drivers and Vehicles, Public Transport, Corporate Services
and RTA Dubai.
As part of its effort to utilize the latest technologies, the RTA recently commissioned a
study on using autonomous cars (driverless vehicles) in Dubai, hoping to pioneer this
concept in the region.
(3) Healthcare: In 2013, Dubai launched a smart healthcare project with three main
initiatives - smart applications, smart operations and smart hospitals. Dubai is also
planning to implement Electronic Medical Records and a Hospital Information System
by 2015. These will enable easy electronic access to a patient's file, which contains all
the details necessary to know the health status of the patient and the results of any tests,
X-rays and records of doctors’ visit. The system also enables doctors to send

9
instructions and medical supplies to other sections of the hospital such as laboratories
and pharmacies as the system interconnects all hospital departments and sections. This
should eliminate paper work, reduce patient waiting time and provide a repository of
accurate patient data, while cutting the time needed for procedures by half.
(4) Buildings: In 2010, the Dubai Municipality introduced a set of codes that promotes
the use of energy saving systems, natural lighting systems and green building materials.
Dubai’s Integrated Energy Strategy has an ambitious target of reducing energy and
water demand by 30% by 2030. Reducing cooling requirements within buildings is a
key focus area for the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) and Dubai
Municipality.
(5) Utilities: DEWA plans to install 250,000 smart meters in all residential, industrial
and commercial properties by 2018 as part of Dubai’s smart city initiative. DEWA will
deploy smart-grid to automate grid-control decisions and to deliver new services to
consumers, allowing them to automate and control their power consumption.
DEWA plans to implement solutions for solar power in houses. It is also developing
smart apps, building infrastructure and charging stations for electric vehicles. In
October 2014, it signed a MoU with IBM to collaborate on smart grid technologies,
innovation centers and research and development programs and share industry
knowledge and leading practices.
(6) Tourism: Dubai Airport’s smart gate system has dramatically shortened
immigration waiting time for passengers through electronic identification. Dubai’s
Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing (DTCM) has introduced e-Permit
and eTicketing platforms to support and develop Dubai’s growing events sector. e-
Permit is an online system through which all procedures related to the application,
processing and licensing of event permits are operated.
e-Ticketing is a centralized platform for the sale and distribution of tickets for all events
in Dubai. Both platforms speed up and simplify the entire events application, licensing
and ticketing process. The electronic ticket distribution system is easier and more
convenient for event attendees. Other benefits include the ability to collect big data for
the purposes of city planning and crowd management. Statistics allow DTCM to
optimize its events calendar and improve Dubai’s events and destination offering.
(7) Education: Dubai’s Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA)
recently introduced a smart e-Services portal for universities and an updated system for
schools and training institutes which allows its customers to connect directly to KHDA,

10
saving time and paperwork and improving customer satisfaction. Universities will
enjoy access to services such as online registration for both staff and students;
certificate attestation; and permit renewal. Schools and training institutes are offered an
updated version of the existing system to include smart services such as online payment,
alerts on permit expiry, tracking of permit requests, email notifications and separation
of services for amendment processes.
(8) Public safety: Dubai Police plans to launch its first intelligent robot officer -
Robocop - within two years. The humanoid officer will provide all Dubai Police
services to the public in six languages, much like a human policeman. The robot will
move around in public areas such as shopping malls, and will communicate with, and
provide information to, the public without human interference. It will also be linked to
a non-emergency call center.

Other smart initiatives include the sand storm and visibility system which is a new
mobile application that consists of various features such as forecasting sandstorm and
fog. [15]

2.6 Existing Mobile City Guides and Similar Solutions

While deciding the features of our smart tourist application, we investigated several
similar applications.

2.6.1 Dubai GuidePal

It supports both iPhone and Android platforms. GuidePal aims to offer an unbiased
selection of each city’s highlights, with all tips, and advice, curated by experts actually
living in the city.
Users can build their own personalised guides, create itineraries, invite friends and
share tips with them, and book restaurants, hotels, tours, event tickets, and so on. The
guides and maps can be made available offline. Tourists can follow themselves on the
map via GPS signals. [16]

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 Figure 2.2: Dubai Guidepal

2.6.2 TripIt
TripIt allows a tourist to forward their flight, hotel, car rental, and other travel
confirmation emails to [email protected]. The details from these emails are used to
create a comprehensive, master itinerary for every trip that can be accessed anytime, on
any device. TripIt also makes it easy to selectively share the whole itinerary or just
specific travel plans with friends, family, or colleagues, saving a user from copying and
pasting all the details of when you arrive or where you're staying. The TripIt app is
available for iOS (including Apple Watch), Android (including Glass), BlackBerry, and
Windows Phone 7. It is also accessible from any device with a web browser [17]

12
 Figure 2.3: TripIt Itinerary Generation

2.6.3 Furkot
Furkot is a trip planner for road trips taken by both car drivers and motorcycle riders.
The user has to enter the starting point and destination and the app will map the route.
It also provides recommendations across different categories—food, accommodation,
attractions, history, entertainment, etc. It allows the user to break up the trip by
scheduling stops at on the way. It supports multiple formats for exporting and importing
trip data. Currently, Furkot only has a web application [18].

13
 Figure 2.4: Planning a trip on Furkot

The features of the three applications are summarized in Table 1.

Features Dubai Guidepal Trip It Furkot

Platform IOS and Android IOS, Android Web Application

Blackberry and
Category * Windows*Phone 7

Comments *

Google Maps * * *

Online Booking * *

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 Spot Info * *

Social Media * * *
Integration
Trip Plan * *

Table 2.1: Features of Related Applications

We have tried to gather beneficial features of the related applications in our application
and overcome deficiencies by adding outstanding features. The details of the features
of our proposed solution are explained later in the report.

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1Android

Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such
as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset
Alliance, led by Google, and other companies.

Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which
means developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able
to run on different devices powered by Android.

The first beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released
by Google in 2007 where as the first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in
September 2008.

On June 27, 2012, at the Google I/O conference, Google announced the next Android
version, 4.1 Jelly Bean. Jelly Bean is an incremental update, with the primary aim of
improving the user interface, both in terms of functionality and performance.

The source code for Android is available under free and open source software licenses.
Google publishes most of the code under the Apache License version 2.0 and the rest,
Linux kernel changes, under the GNU General Public License version 2 [19].

15
3.1.1 Features of Android

Android is a powerful operating system competing with Apple 4GS and supports
great features. Few of them are listed below.

Feature Description

Beautiful UI Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user

interface.
Connectivity GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-
Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.
Storage SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data
storage purposes.
Media support H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-
AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG,
Messaging SMS and BMP
GIF, and MMS

Web browser Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with
Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.
Multi-touch Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially
made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.
Multi-tasking User can jump from one task to another and same time various
application can run simultaneously.
Resizable widgets Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more
content or shrink them to save space
Multi-Language Supports single direction and bi-directional text.

GCM Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets

developers send short message data to their users on Android.
Wi-Fi Direct A technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a
high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.
Android Beam A popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly
share, just by touching two NFC-enabled phones together.
Table 3.1: Features of Android

3.1.2 Android Core Building Blocks

16
A component is simply a piece of code that has a well-defined life cycle e.g. Activity,
Receiver, and Service etc. The core building blocks or fundamental components of
android are activities, views, intents, services, content providers, fragments and
AndroidManifest.xml.

Activity is a class that represents a single screen. It is like a Frame in AWT.

View is the UI element such as button, label, text field etc.

Intent is used to invoke components. It is mainly used to:

 Start the service

 Launch an activity

 Display a web page

 Display a list of contacts

 Broadcast a message

 Dial a phone call etc.

Service is background processes that can run for a long time. There are two types of
services local and remote. Local service is accessed from within the application whereas
remote service is accessed remotely from other applications running on the same
device.

Content Providers are used to share data between the applications.

Fragments are like parts of activity. An activity can display one or more fragments on
the screen at the same time.

AndroidManifest.xml contains information about activities, content providers,

permissions etc. It is like the web.xml file in Java EE.

17
Android Virtual Device (AVD) is used to test the android application without the need
for mobile or tablet etc. It can be created in different configurations to emulate different
types of real devices.

3.1.3 Architecture

Figure 3.1 Android OS architecture

18
Linux kernel:
At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 2.6 with approximately 115 patches. This
provides basic system functionality like process management, memory management,
device management like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the
things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers,
which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.

Libraries:
On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser
engine WebKit, well known library libc, SQLite database which is a useful repository
for storage and sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video,
SSL libraries responsible for Internet security etc.

Android Runtime:
This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the
bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which
is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android. The
Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like memory management and multi-
threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every
Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual
machine.

Application Framework:
The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications
in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these
services in their applications.

Applications:
You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your
application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are
Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc.

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3.2 IOS

iOS is the operating system that runs on iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch devices. The
operating system manages the device hardware and provides the technologies required
to implement native apps. The operating system also ships with various system apps,
such as Phone, Mail, and Safari, that provide standard system services to the user.

The iOS Software Development Kit (SDK) contains the tools and interfaces needed to
develop, install, run, and test native apps that appear on an iOS device’s Home screen.
Native apps are built using the iOS system frameworks and Objective-C language and
run directly on iOS. Unlike web apps, native apps are installed physically on a device
and are therefore always available to the user, even when the device is in Airplane
mode. They reside next to other system apps, and both the app and any user data is
synced to the user’s computer through iTunes. [20]

The IOS SDK contains the following elements:

Cocoa Touch to control Multi-touch events, Accelerometer, Localization and the

Camera.
Media Module to access OpenAL, audio, video and image files, Core Animation and
OpenGL.
Core Services takes care of Networking, the SQLite database, Core Location(GPS).
OS X Kernel controls TCP/IP, Sockets, Power management, File system and Security

20
3.2.1 Swift Vs Objective C

Swift is a new programming language for iOS, OS X, watchOS, and tvOS apps that
builds on the best of C and Objective-C, without the constraints of C compatibility.
Swift adopts safe programming patterns and adds modern features to make
programming easier, more flexible, and more fun. Swift’s clean slate, backed by the
mature and much-loved Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks, is an opportunity to
reimagine how software development works.

WHY IS SWIFT BETTER THAN OBJ-C?

1. Swift is easier to read: Objective-C suffers all the PROBLEMS you’d expect
from a language built on C. To differentiate keywords and types from C types,
Objective-C introduced new keywords using the @ symbol. Because Swift isn’t
built on C, it can unify all the keywords and remove the numerous @ symbols
in front of every Objective-C type or object-related keyword.
2. Swift is easier to maintain: Legacy is what holds Objective-C back -- the
language cannot evolve without C evolving. C requires programmers to
maintain two code files in order to improve the build time and efficiency of the
executable app creation, a requirement that carries over to Objective-C. Swift
drops the two-file requirement. Xcode and the LLVM compiler can figure out
dependencies and perform incremental builds automatically in Swift 1.2. As a
result, the repetitive task of separating the table of contents (header file) from
the body (implementation file) is a thing of the past. Swift combines the
Objective-C header (.h) and implementation files (.m) into a single code file
(.swift).
3. Swift is safer: One interesting aspect of Objective-C is the way in which
pointers -- particularly nil (null) pointers -- are handled. In Objective-C, nothing
happens if you try to call a method with a pointer variable that is nil
(uninitialized). The expression or line of code becomes a no-operation (no-op),
and while it might seem beneficial that it doesn’t crash, it has been a huge source
of bugs. A no-op leads to unpredictable behavior, which is the enemy of
programmers trying to find and fix a random crash or stop erratic behavior. [21]

21
3.3 Bluetooth Low Energy and Beacons

Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is the power- and application-friendly version of

Bluetooth that was built for the Internet of Things (IoT).

The power-efficiency of Bluetooth with low energy functionality makes it perfect for
devices that run for long periods on power sources such as coin cell batteries or energy-
harvesting devices. The smart part is the native support for Bluetooth technology on
every major operating system, for easy mobile application development and
connectivity for cloud computing and the social economy.[22]

3.3.1 How Bluetooth Works

The Bluetooth protocol operates at 2.4GHz in the same unlicensed ISM frequency band
where RF protocols like ZigBee and Wi-Fi also exist. There is a standardized set of
rules and specifications that differentiates it from other protocols.

3.3.2 Custom Beacon

Parts needed:
 nRF24L01+ module
 Arduino
 Wires
 A smartphone with BLE capability

a “fake” BLE connection cannot be established between an nRF24 module (peripheral)

and a BLE central device because of its hardware limitation. But BLE broadcasting
from a nRF24 module is possible.

To understand how to fake BLE broadcasting with nRF24L01+, a comparison between

the packet structure of BLE (Figure 1) and nRF24 (Figure 2) can be very helpful.

22
 Figure 3.2: Advertising packet structure of BLE.

BLE advertising packet is made up of three sections:

 1 byte of preamble (either 01010101 or 10101010, depending on the first bit of

the access address).
 byte of access address, which is always 0x8E89BED6 for advertising packets.
 Variable size of payload, which is made up of the following:

The first byte of payload is header, specifying the advertising type, as well as TX and
RX types;

The second byte is the length of the rest of the payload excluding CRC bytes.

The last three bytes are 24-bit CRC checksum of the payload before it.

Everything in the middle is the data section, which is made up data “containers”. In
each data container, the first byte is the length of the rest bytes in the data container
(excluding the length byte itself), and the rest bytes are data. Data whitening is also
imposed on the payload.

Figure 3.3: nRF24 ShockBust(TM) packet structure.

23
3.3.2.1 nRF24l01

The nRF24L01 is a single chip 2.4GHz transceiver with an embedded baseband

protocol engine (Enhanced ShockBurst™), designed for ultra low power wireless
applications. The nRF24L01 is designed for operation in the world wide ISM frequency
band at 2.400 - 2.4835GHz. An MCU (microcontroller) and very few external passive
components are needed to design a radio system with the nRF24L01. The nRF24L01
is configured and operated through a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI.) Through this
interface the register map is available. The register map contains all configuration
registers in the nRF24L01 and is accessible in all operation modes of the chip.

The radio front end uses GFSK modulation. It has user configurable parameters like
frequency channel, output power and air data rate. The air data rate supported by the
nRF24L01 is configurable to 2Mbps. The high air data rate combined with two power
saving modes makes the nRF24L01 very suitable for ultra low power designs. Internal
voltage regulators ensure a high Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) and a wide
power supply range.

The CRC-24 of BLE is implemented with linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) in
hardware. It is a basic bit-by-bit manipulation (exclusive-or) to implement the modulo
2 division of 24-bit polynomials. [23]

Figure 3.4: LFSR implementation of CRC-24 in BLE.

3.3.2.2 Arduino
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino
consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as
a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrate d Development
Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to
the physical board.

24
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with
electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards,
the Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order
to load new code onto the board – you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the
Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.
Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the
micro-controller into a more accessible package. [24]

Figure 3.5: Arduino Uno

3.4API and SDK Used

3.4.1 Zomato API

The Zomato API was made public with the intention to help developers create
innovative web and mobile applications using Zomato’s content. Using the API,
developers can access the most updated content available on Zomato in real time
directly from within their apps. They can access information such as restaurant listings,
location coordinates, reviews, discounts, photos, menus and pretty much everything
else that we have for our customers.

25
Zomato APIs give developers access to the freshest and most exhaustive information
for over 1.5 million restaurants across 10,000 cities globally. With the Zomato APIs,
one can:
i. Search for restaurants by name, cuisine, or location
ii. Display detailed information including ratings, location and cuisine
iii. Use the Zomato Foodie Index to show great areas to dine in a city [25]

3.4.2 Directions API

The Directions API allows a user to perform the following functions:

i. Search for directions for several modes of transportation, including transit,
driving, walking or cycling.
ii. Return multi-part directions using a series of waypoints.
iii. Specify origins, destinations, and waypoints as text strings (e.g. "Chicago, IL"
or "Darwin, NT, Australia"), or as latitude/longitude coordinates, or as place
IDs. [26]

3.4.3 Expedia API

In 2011, Expedia’s Affiliate Network (EAN) enlisted Mashery to manage its in-house
API. This choice revolutionized the company’s identity, turning it from a standard
travel website into a technology platform that now supports 5,000 developers and
counting.

Expedia API allows developers to leverage Expedia’s search tools, photos and
consumer reviews. This piecemeal strategy successfully attracted 40% more developers
each year, besides generating $1.5 billion in API-related revenue.

Hotel Search API offers ability to search for hotel inventory using a latitude and
longitude for a given location and specifying the radius. For every hotel returned, API
provides hotel information like name, address etc. and pricing information. API offers
ability to search with and without dates. When check-in and checkout dates are
provided, response containing hotel stay prices along with other high level information

26
about the hotel is returned. Currently this API supports up to 1000 hotels in each
response. Hotel count limit can be specific in the request to optimize the size of the
response. [27]

3.4.4 Google Places API

Get data from the same database used by Google Maps and Google+ Local. Places
features over 100 million businesses and points of interest that are updated frequently
through owner-verified listings and user-moderated contributions.
With google places API you can:
i. Use the power of mobile to give your users contextual information about where
they are, when they’re there.
ii. Search for and retrieve rich information about local businesses and points of
interest, available on every screen.
iii. Add autocomplete to any application, providing type-ahead location-based
predictions like the search on Google Maps. [28]

3.4.5 Facebook SDK

Facebook SDK for Android Helps you build engaging social apps and get more
installs. The Facebook SDK is the easiest way to integrate your app with Facebook. It
enables:
i. Facebook Login - Authenticate people with their Facebook credentials.
ii. Share and Send dialogs - Enable sharing content from your app to Facebook.
iii. App Events - Log events in your application.
iv. Graph API - Read and write to Graph API. [29]

27
CHAPTER 4: SOLUTION

4.1Class Diagram

Figure 4.1: A class diagram showing overall application overview

28
4.2 Implementation of Functions

4.2.1 Login and Signup

Figure 4.2: A sequence diagram showing Login and Sign up Functions

The login function accepts a user’s username and password and authenticates the
values. If the values entered by the user match the values stored in the database, then
the user is granted access and the trip menu is displayed otherwise a message is
displayed that prompts the user to try again.

The sign up function requires the user to enter a username and password and these
values are stored in the database. The app also allows the user to sign in using Facebook,
or Google+. Once the user grants permission for the app to access their public profile
in the corresponding social media, the app then gets the profile name, profile picture
and email address of the user and logs them in.

29
4.2.2 Beacons and Reviews

Figure 4.3: A sequence diagram showing how the user interacts with the app at a particular
POI

When a user reaches a particular point of interest, the beacon placed there pushes
information to the user’s phone giving him/her details about that particular place. Each
beacon gives out an UUID (unique identification) which can be used to identify which
POI the user is at. The information includes a number of pictures, history and other
related information about the POI.

When the user has finished with the tour of a POI, He/she can rate the place via social
media and/or email. If he/she does not wish to rate on social media, they can also rate
the POI on the app itself. This rating is anonymous and is only shown to other app users
using an average value. This value is then updated in the database.

30
4.2.3 Create an Itinerary

Figure 4.4: A sequence diagram showing how the user can create an itinerary

When a user chooses the option to create an itinerary, a dialog box is shown with
various input parameters such as budget, number of days in the trip, dates of the trip
and the interests of the user. These are first stored in the DB for future reference using
the web service.

Based on the data given by the user, the custom algorithm then determines an itinerary
for the user. If the user so desires, he can modify the itinerary by adding custom events
and/or deleting an event and allowing the algorithm to replace it with another event.

Once the user is happy with the itinerary, the app stores a copy of the itinerary in the
database while storing another copy in the local database, thus allowing the itinerary to
be accessed even without the internet.

31
4.2.4 How user interacts with the itinerary

Figure 4.5: A sequence diagram showing how the user can interact with an existing itinerary

If an itinerary already exists, clicking on the itinerary icon will open up the existing
itinerary. The user can edit the itinerary by by adding custom events and/or deleting an
event and allowing the algorithm to replace it with another event.

If the itinerary is edited, then the modified itinerary is stored back into the database on
the server as well as the local database.

32
4.2.5 On Arrival to Dubai

Figure 4.6: A sequence diagram showing how the app behaves once the user reaches Dubai

Once the user reaches Dubai (based on the date and time selected during itinerary
creation) the app sends a notification to the user welcoming him to Dubai and showing
the day’s itinerary. When the user clicks on an event in the itinerary, the app polls the
Google Directions API for the public transit directions from the current location to the
appropriate POI.

The navigation details are also stored in the local database so that the user need not
have internet throughout the journey in order to view the directions. If the user requires
people to help him during the journey, he can click the “PEOPLE WHO CAN HELP”
button which will show him images of people who can help him during the trio such as
the Dubai Metro Staff and the RTA bus driver.

33
4.3 Application Screenshots

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

5.1Conclusion
Smart Tourism Destinations cored in massive tourism resource data centre, supported
by Internet of Things and Cloud Computing, focused on enhancing tourists experience
through intelligent identification and monitoring. The real sense of Smart Tourism
Destinations is to focus on tourists’ needs by combining the ICT with casual culture
and tourist innovation industry in order to promote tourism service quality, improve
tourism management and enlarge industry scale to a broader extent (Huang et al. 2012).
The priorities of Smart Tourism Destinations construction are to enhance tourists’
travel experience; to provide more intelligent platform both to gather and distribute
information within destinations; to facilitate efficient allocation of tourism resources;
and to integrates tourism suppliers at both micro and macro level aiming to ensure that
benefit from this sector is well distributed to local society (Rong 2012). Most of the
time, tourists only have limited knowledge and low awareness on destinations they
visit. They do have different needs and characteristics. Developing crowd-sourced
applications by using tourists input could give valuable insight to destinations in
capturing tourists’ demand and tourist complaints in timely manner [30].

5.2 Future Scope

In the future, we would like to make the following enhancements:
1. Expanding the guide from Dubai to other Cities and Countries
2. Adding Augmented Reality so that the users can hold up their phone camera
and identify POI’s around them
3. Make our application compatible with different languages
4. Improve the User Interface
5. Add more Points of Interest to our database
6. Provide users with offline navigation
7. Develop a more robust tour guide

34
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