May 11 2018 - Integrity:​ Smart  cities  depend  on  reliable  and  accurate 

data.  Measures  must  be  taken  to  ensure  that  data  is 
Goal: Eung will research for case study in smart cities
accurate and free from manipulation. 
and what is smart city.
- Confidentiality:​ Some  of  the  data  collected,  stored  and 
What is smart city analyzed  will  include  sensitive  details  about  consumers 
- There is no exact definition   themselves.  
- a  city  that  is  developed  and  managed  by  using  data  - Accountability:​ Users of a system must be responsible for 
collected from applications via technologies  their  actions.  Their  interactions  with  systems  should  be 
- Smart cities vary depend on the city  logged  and  associated  with  a  specific  user  (strong 
- Composed  of  ICT  to  develop  the  city,  connects  objects  integrity protection). 
and machines  Case studies
- Components​:  
-London, Brussels, Alba Iulia, and Kartal, a suburb of Istanbul. 
o smart manufacturing 
- For London smart mobility boost business 
o smart government, 
o Traffic control centers 
o mobility/ wi-fi and open data 
o Invested  12  million  pound  they  could  return more 
o smart infrastructure 
in long term 
o smart transportation 
- Kartal (Istanbul)– infrastructure 
o smart grid energy 
o The city is on earthquake – prone 
o smart health 
o More energy efficient 
- Availability:​ reliable  access  to  data,  how  data  is 
o Lower cost for energy 
collected,  shared  is  critical,  and  solutions  avoid  negative 
 
effects on availability of data. 
Sources: (Appeared in order of information)
Findlay (The Business Case for Smart Cities).  
Rouse (Smart City Definition).   The  management  of  smart  cities  is  more  efficient  because  of 
Gemalto, (Secure, sustainable smart cities and the IoT).  the  data  that  can  be  accessed  from  all  over  the  city  with  Wi-Fi 
Reflection: and cellular data. 

I’ve  learned  that  there  is  no real definition of smart city it  1. Local  areas  will  be  safer  and  more  convenient  to  access 

depends  on  how  that  country want to develop a smart city, and  for  travelers.  It  also  reduces  congestion  –  traffic  –  air 

the  big  factor  is  countries’  different  level  of  technology.  I  learn  pollution  and  helps  slow  down  the  rate  of  depletion  of 

the  main  components  of  a  smart  city.  I  also  found  some  smart  both renewable and unrenewable resources. 

cities  that  developed  their  economy  through  different  ways  2. Economy  will  be  boost  because  of  increasing  in 

after  they  became  smart  cities.  I  think  I  can  research  further  interactions  between  people  and  also  of  more 

about  how  components  of  smart  city  help  in  economic  dependable security. 

developments.  3. Plain  land  or  unused  land will be utilized to house variety 

  of compatible activities. 

  4. It  will  also  elevate  the  standard  of  citizens’  lives  by 

  preserving  plain  lands,  parks,  and  also  reducing the heat 

  cause by urban society. 

  5. More  vehicles  will  be  easier  to  reach,  and  more  options 

  will be given. 

  6. There  will  be  a  more  trustworthy  government, increment 

  in transparency and liability.  

7. More  local  places,  such  as  clinics,  restaurants,  tutorial 
May 11 2018
schools,  temples  will  be  recognized  by  using 
Goal: Vinze will find the benefits of smart cities.
applications, and cities will have its special characteristic. 
 8. Buildings,  in  terms  of  infrastructure,  will  be  stronger  and  - Shrinking cities 
more  secure  so  that  in  times  of  natural  disaster  or  - Economic decline 
danger, habitants will be safer.  - Community of businesses in an area (Territorial cohesion) 
Global  GDP  will  increase  about  10  trillion  US  dollars  and  has  a  - Mono sectorial economy 
stable rate of 2.8 percent by 2026.  - Sustainable local economics 
  - Social diversity as source of innovation  
Sources: (Appeared in order of information) - ICT infrastructure deficit (not enough money)  

Sharma (Features of a Smart City and its Impact on Real Estate).   - High infrastructures deficit  

Reflection: - Limited urban based industries  

- Unbalanced geographical development  
May  11  Today  is  the  first  day  of  deep  research  of  the 
Territorial cohesion 
benefits  of  smart  cities.  I  found  out  some  information,  but  I 
- Balanced development of a region, reduce differences 
think  it  is  not  enough  and  I  could  use  the  time  given  more 
Mono sectorial economy 
efficient.  In  order  to  keep  up  with  what  I  should  have  done,  I 
- An economy that only produces one product 
will  continue  the  research during the weekend. However, I think 
 
I  did  good  for  a  topic  I  did  not  know  anything,  but  I  want  to 
know  it  better.  Still,  I  need  to  improve  my  speed  of  searching  New Question: What are the definition of Sustainable
and  reading  the  websites,  whether  it  is  a  direct  information  or  Local economics, and ICT infrastructure deficit?
pieces of information that will help put my research in to whole.   Sustainable Local economics 

May 15 2018 - Improves  human  wellbeing  in  the  city,  Social  equity 
environmental risks and natural resources  
Goal: Eung will find challenges of smart cities on
economy and finding their definition.
Sources: (Appeared in order of information)
Challenges 
Monzon (Smart Cities Concept and Challenges). 
- Unemployment 
Vasilescu  and  Mungiu-Pupazan  (A  Conceptual  Overview  of  time  outside  if  the  class  to  research  my  new  question,  other 
Territorial Cohesion).  research.  
Sustainable  Local  Economy  and  Procurement  (Local     
Governments for Sustainability). 
Bodimeade  (The  Infrastructure  Deficit  Defined  –  Is  Asset 
Management the Solution). 

Reflection:
Today  I  learned  about  some  predicted  challenges  that 
smart  cities  might  confront.  Some  of  the  challenges  I found are 
needed  to  be  defined,  so  I  did  some  research  on  the  terms  I 
don’t  understand  but  did  not  finished  all  of  them.  I  think  the 
information  I  found  is  very  little  compare  to  the  time.  I  will  use 
May 15 2018 smart  city  were  to  meet  specific  requirements:  smart 
manufacturing,  smart  government,  mobility,  open  data,  smart 
Goal: Vinze will find the answer to the question: what is
infrastructure,  smart  transportation,  smart  grid  energy,  and 
the size of smart cities around the world?
smart  health,  then  there  is  no  smart  city  in  the  world  yet,  but 
The market size was 563.36 billion in 2016 
Singapore  is  the  closest  one  yet  to  perfectly  achieve  these 
Goal: We will create an outline and topic and jobs goals  due  to  great  economy  and  size  of  the  country,  which  is 
distribution. easily manageable.  
We created an outline, or the topics contained in our final   
product.   Sources: (Appeared in order of information)
Description: What is smart city?  Gemalto (2017). Singapore – The World’s First Smart City? 
Benefit V  Brasuell, J., (The Early History of the 'Smart Cities' 
Disadvantage E  Movement—in 1974 Los Angeles). 
Growth rate  Kobie (How London became the First Smart City Back in 1854).  
Case Study: Scenarios  
Conclusion 
Reflection:
Side Question: When did smart city start?
I  did  not  research  much today because I was grabbed by 
The  origin  depends  is  how  you  define  smart  city. 
another  side topic. I decided to research the side topic because 
However,  if  smart  city  were  defined  as  a  city  that  is helped and 
it  is  important  to  know  how  smart  cities  were created, and data 
managed by using data, then London would be a smart city way 
can  be  used  to  compare.  I  could  have  understood  the  article 
th
back  in  the  mid  19​   century.  If  smart  city  were  to  define  as  a 
faster so that I can came back and research the main topic. 
city  that  is  developed  and  managed  by  using  data  collected 
 
from  applications  via  technologies,  then  LA  would  be 
 
considered  the  first  smart  city  in  the  1950s.  Nevertheless,  if 
May 18 2018
Goal: Eung will elaborate how components of smart Sources: (Appeared in order of information)
cities related to the effects on business. Findlay (The Business Case for Smart Cities).  

Smart  infrastructure,  smart  transportation,  smart  grid  Rouse (Smart City Definition).  

energy,  smart  health.  Smart  manufacturing  take  advantages  of  Gemalto, (Secure, sustainable smart cities and the IoT). 

technology,  information  to  improve  manufacturing  efficiency.  It   

can  reduce  the  use  of  energy  in  factories.  Having  mobility/wi-fi  Reflection:
in  the  city  helped  businesses  have  more  platform  to  present      Today  I  reached  my  goal  researching information 
their  products  and  made  easier  for  them  to  contact  their  about  definition  of  terms  I  do  not  understand  in  the  last  class. 
customers.  Open  data in smart cities let people in the city know  My  second  goal  is  research  and  put  information  about  how 
all  the  new  information,  research  findings.  Smart  infrastructure  each  components  of  smart  cities  affects  in  smart  cities’ 
helped  cities  that  natural  disaster  usually  occur  smart  economy.  I  almost  finished  it  in  the  class,  but  for  open  data  I 
infrastructure  reduce  damages,  and  injury  in  the  city.  Damages  need  to  research  more  on,  and  I  plan  to  finished  it  outside  of 
in  the  cities  often  slow  down  development, growth of economy  class. 
in  the  city  since  smart  infrastructure  reduce  cities  have  more   
opportunity  to  better  development  in  economy.  Smart   
transportation  reduces  traffic  problems,  less  accidents,  helped   
moving  things  from  place  to  place  in  the  city  faster  and  more   
convenient.  Smart  grid  energy  helps  the  environment  by  May 18 2018
reducing causes of global warming, and greenhouse effect.  
Goal: Find information about Big Data, IoT.
Since  economy  used  major  part  of  energy and resources 
Big  data  is  a  large  amount  of  data,  both  organized  and 
if  there  are  more  use  of  smart  energy  it  can  reduce  costs  of 
unorganized,  that  can  be  analyzed  and  helped  governments 
energy for businesses to produce their products. 
and businesses to make better decision based on Big Data.  
 
Big  Data  doesn’t  have  to  be  big,  but  it  depends  on  how  the  Sources: (Appeared in order of information)
data  is  used.  The  analysis  from  Big  Data  give  solutions  about  Bassoo, Ramnarain-Seetohul, Hurbungs, Fowdur, and Beeharry, 
reducing  expenditures,  time  efficiency,  and  new  product  (Big Data Analytics for Smart Cities). 
development,  and  effective  decisions.  Some effective decisions 
include  determining  real  cause of errors and problems, creating 
Reflection:
discounts  based on customers taste, recalculating data in stocks 
Today  I  started  reach  on  Big  Data  and  IoT,  which  is  a 
portfolio  within  a  short  period  of  time,  and  identifying 
term  that  will  be  used  frequently  because  it  is  an  important 
suspicious behavior in a firm before a harmful action take place.  
application  in  the  technology  world.  Big  Data  and  IoT  aren’t 
Big  Data  is  very  essential  in  the  accomplishment  of  all  of  the 
objects,  but  an  innovation  that  helps  technology  be  used more 
components  of  smart  cities.  These  are  three  examples  of  how 
in  daily  life.  I  did  not finish my research yet, so next period I will 
Big Data is used in the components of smart cities. 
continue  the  research.  I  still  need  to  research  more  about  the 
With  the  increasing  of  population,  traffic  is  a  major 
growth  rate  of  smart  cities;  an  unfinished  research  from 
problem  in  big  cities,  not  only  for  citizens  but  also  for  police 
previous period. 
too.  Modern  transportations  and  infrastructures  are not used as 
its  best,  however,  if  they  are  used  efficiently,  400  billion  US 
Dollars  can  be  saved,  not  domestically,  but  globally.  There  are 
sensors  placed  on  roads  to  count  the  number  of  vehicles 
passed.  The  data  of  speed,  direction,  and  location  of  May 21 2018
transportations  can  be  collected  by  using  GPS  system  from 
Goal: Eung will research information about forecasts
mobiles.  Congestion  can  be  shown  on  a phone, like in Google 
economic growth in smart cities.
Maps;  citizens  can  also  see  the  time  to  travel  to  his  or  her 
Global smart cities market size and trends 
destination. 
- In 2017 it value was $529.55 billion 
 - It’s  forecasted  to  be  $1944.67  billion  with  ​CAGR  of  - VDE  shows  that  2/3  of  1300  companies  expect  rapid 
24.21%  growth in economy in smart cities 
- This  includes  smart  cities  in  ​North  America,  Europe,  - The  Technavio  said  in  2014-2019  smart  city  market  will 
Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa  grow 
- Important events that cause is forecast  by  16%  
o In  December  2017,  Schneider  Electric  introduced 
EcoStruxureTM  Grid  in  Hyderabad,  India  to 
produce  more  efficient  power  generation  and 
distribution. 
o In  Dec  2017,  ​ABB  introduced  20-second  charging 
technology  that  allows  a  bus  to  connect  to  a 
charging  point  and  charge  batteries  in  less  than 1 
second at a bus stop 
 
- Researchers  at  Navigant  predicted  that  in  2013  -  2023 
 
global  income  from  smart  technologies  will  tripled  from 
o In  Jan  2018,  “E​merson  Electric  Company 
$8.8 billion to $27.5 billion.  
introduced  a  technology  to  control  multiple smart 
 
thermostats  on  single  dashboard  to  help  ensure 
Using  GDP  growth  in  LA  to  see  how  being  smart  city  between 
human comfort and energy efficiency.” 
2001-2016 
Growing Investments in Smart City Technologies 
- it  increased  every  year  other  than  in  2008-2009  because 
- Forecast investments in smart cities in 2010-2030 
of Hamburger crisis 
- According  to  OECD  global  annual  investment  will  be 
$1.8 trillion 
Singapore  I  research  about  forecast  of  economic  growth  in  smart 
- Smart nation  cities,  and  most  of  them  forecast  growth  in  the  future  to  be 
- Singapore began to be a smart nation in 2016  high. I think today’s progress is quite good and plan to research 
- In 2017 growth in GDP is quite significant   smart  cities’  GDP  before  they  became  smart  cities  to  compare 
  their  GDP  growth.  I  think  this  information  would  be  a  good 
  support for positive effects of smart city on economy. 
   
   
   
   
 

Sources: (Appeared in order of information)  

 
Reuters (Global Smart cities Market Size and Trends – Industry 
 
Analysis by Key Developments, Players, CAGR Growth 
 
Projection to 2023).  
 
Rohling (Why Cities are Getting Smarter). 
 
Statista,  (​GDP  of  the  Los  Angeles  metro  area  from  2001  to 
 
2016​).  
 
Ycharts (​California GDP​).  
Souppouris  (Singapore  is  striving  to  be  the  world's  first  'smart  May 21 2018
city').   Goal: Continue researching about the role of Big Data
  and IoT
Reflection: SMART WEATHER 
 International  Business  Manufacturer, IBM, has developed  and  more  than  1.5  million  died  in  total  because  of  error  in 
an  advanced  forecasting  application  called  Deep  Thunder.  It  medication  and  diagnosis.  This  is  just  one  of  the  many 
combines  local,  global  forecast  data,  and  historical  data,  which  problems  that  can  be  solved  by  using  Big  Data  analysis. 
is  a  huge  amount  of  data:  100  terabytes.  It  can  predict  the  Hospitals  and  health  organizations  already have a huge amount 
weather  with  high  accuracy  within  one  to  three  days.  It  can  of  data  from  CT  scans,  MRI  scans,  sensors,  and  radiography  in 
notify  users  of  the  effects  that  can  affect  the  users’  trip.  It  can  the  database,  but  those  data  are  not  being  used  as  efficient  as 
also  help  calculate  the  power  that  will  be  generated  from  solar  possible  because  hospitals  did  not  notice  the  importance  of 
panels  and  wind  mills  in  the  near  future.  The  important  part  of  analyzing  these  Big  Data.  In  order  to  make  the  analysis 
this  model  is  that  it  can  also  forecast  natural  disasters,  such  as  successful,  not  only  compilation  is  enough,  but  also  analytic  is 
flash  floods  and  mudslides  by  simulating  the  movement  of  essential.  Big  Data  analytics  has  helped  care  delivery  and 
water.  In  times  of  predicting  hurricanes’  trajectory,  Deep  epidemiology.  
Thunder  uses  all  data  possible  to  find  what  can  impact  the   
trajectory  of  hurricanes.  These  predictions  may  not  be  100%   
accurate  but  it  is  important  for  authorities  to  start  alerting  and   
evacuating endangered citizens.   Machine  learning  algorithm  is  utilized  and  upgraded 
  every  time  it  is  exposed  to  new  data.  The  algorithms  are  used 
  to  assist  diagnosis  and  prescriptions.  It  helps  in  diagnosis  by 
  detecting  microscopic  pathogens  and  infections.  Machine 
SMART HEALTH  learning  techniques  are  more  accurate  than  doctors  in  term  of 
Economy  can  be  boosted  by  increasing  productivity,  analyzing charts. 
which  comes from healthy citizens. One way that citizens can be 
healthier  is  by  receiving  prescriptions  or  correct  diagnosis  from  Sources: (Appeared in order of information)
doctors, nevertheless, if there were mistakes, it could also cause 
mortality.  In  the  US,  more than 250,000 patients died each year 
Bassoo, Ramnarain-Seetohul, Hurbungs, Fowdur, and Beeharry,  - The  GDP  growth  of  Denmark  shows  that  in  2013-2014 
(Big Data Analytics for Smart Cities).  the  GDP  growth was rising, but I think this is not showing 
Reflection: obvious differences 

I continued research and summarize the role of Big Data  - https://tradingeconomics.com/denmark/gdp-growth 

in Smart Cities. I used the same source as the day before. I 

think I used to much time on summarizing and understanding 
each topic.  
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
May 22 2018  

Goal: Eung will research for smart cities​’ GDP before Scotland 
- Right now, there are 7 smart cities in Scotland 
and after they became smart cities to compare their
- Smart cities in Scotland started in 2014 
GDP growth.
- GDP in Scotland has been growing constantly 
https://knoema.com/atlas/Denmark/Real-GDP-growth 
- GDP  growth  between  2014  –  2017  is  more  than  in  the 
Copenhagen  
past 
- It became smart city in 2014 
- https://www.statista.com/statistics/350717/scottish-gross
-domestic-product-gdp/ 
 Today  I  researched  about  the  change  in  GDP  growth  in 
countries  that  have  a  smart  city(s)  to  see  how  having  smart 
city(s)  helps  in  economic  growth.  At  first,  I  wanted  to  find  GDP 
for  only  the  smart  city(s),  but  I  can’t  find any of them other than 
Los  Angeles,  CA. For this day research, I think it can be better if 
I studied about history of smart cities.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
May 22 2018 
Sources: (Appeared in order of information) Goal: Vinze will research about IoT.
Knoema  (Denmark  -  Gross  domestic  product  in  constant  prices  Internet of Things, IoT, is a term when a “thing” or an 

growth rate).   object is connected to the internet. Sensors up to light bulbs 

Statista, (​California GDP​).   can be connected to the internet, and people will be able to 

  access more information. IoT is an integration of visible and 

invisible infrastructures. 
Reflection:
Smart Lighting 
 IoT  helps  report  lighting  failures.  It  also  changes  the 
brightness  of  the  light  depend  on  the  time  of  day  or  automatic 
Sources: (Appeared in order of information)
detection of the presence of a human. It can also switch on/off and 
Bassoo, Ramnarain-Seetohul, Hurbungs, Fowdur, and Beeharry, 
the color of the lights.  
(Big Data Analytics for Smart Cities). 
Smart Parking 
Reflection:
In  some big shopping malls, parking car sensors, detect the 
availability  of  a  parking  lot,  are  attached  at  every  parking  lot.  In 
I start to research about IoT. Luckily, the old source has 

present  time,  not  only  big  department  stores  are  equipped  with  enough information. I think I did my best because I did a lot. I 

the  sensors,  but  also  places  like  a  standalone  supermarket  up  to  paraphrased and summarized. I did it all in a class.  

public  parking  lot.  Plus,  with  the  connection  of  the  Internet,   

navigation  systems  help  commuters  locate  the  closest  parking   

spot.   
   
  May 25 2018 
Smart Environment Monitoring  Goal: ​Vinze will design the product and the journal.
Noise,  temperature,  humidity,  CO2,  and  other  gases  can 
Eung will make the reference page.
be  measured  by  sensors  that  are  attached  throughout  the  city.  It 
The  references  are  in  APA  format.  The references will be 
helps  connect  all  the  information  from  all  the  sensors  for  analysis 
placed on the reference page. 
(Big  Data  Analysis).  It  helps  alert  citizens  for information and gives 
Journal 
tips on saving the planet. 
Brown Paper A5 
Change of outline
Everything + Bullet Point in Final P 
We  decided  to  cut  the  growth  rate  and  change  to  forecast 
Final Product 
instead  because  we  think  that  growth  rate  can  be  shown  in 
Building model as a box 
examples.  
“Blue Print” 
   This  is  the  reflection  after  we  bought  our  materials.  We 
Reflection (Vinze): did  not  find  the  stick,  so  we  decided  to  make  only  the 

Today,  I  designed  the product. I came up with an idea of  blueprint.  Finding  a  small  head  white  pen  is  also  very  difficult; 

making  a  blueprint  because  our  topic  is  about  city, so I want to  we  had  to  go  to  three  different  shops  for  finding  the right one. 

make  a  blueprint.  The  other  reason  is  to  try  something  new  We  ended up buying five pens. However, all the other materials 

because  me  and  Eung  aren’t  much  of  an  artist,  and  we want to  are easy to find. 

challenge ourselves. I also want to build a model of a tower too.  

Reflection (eung):
Today, I made the references in APA.   
   

May 28 2018  

Goal: Vinze and Eung will draw the outline for May 30, 2018
Goal: Vinze will make all of his information into bullet
the final product. We will start buying the things
points.
for the product and the journal.
(Eung is absent)
Reflection (all: before buying):
Advantages
Today,  we  designed  and  outlined  the  product,  or  our 
- Makes  travelling  around  the  city  more  convenient  by 
blueprint.  We  decided  the  materials  for  the  model,  and 
reducing  traffic,  applications  that notify arrival of bus and 
discussed  that  if  there  is  no  wooden  stick,  then  we  will  not  do 
subway 
the product.  
- Boosting  economy  by  make  local  businesses  more 
Reflection (all: after buying): recognizable, dependable security 
- More plain land will be utilized to new activities 
 - Public transportations are easier to reach   - Analyzes  traffic  and  ETA  to  a  place,  by  using  data 
History  from sensors and mobile phones 
- State  our  definition  of  smart  cities:  a  city  that  is  - Analyzes  weather  by  combining  data  from  local  and 
developed  and  managed  by  using  data  collected  from  global forecast data, and historical data 
applications via technologies.   - Analyzes  data  from  medical  instruments  and  prints 
- LA is the first smart city in the 1950s  correct prescriptions 
- However,  Singapore  is  the  closest  city  to  reach  all  the   
goals  perfectly  because  of  its  size  and  manageability   
achieve   IoT 
  - Internet  of  Things,  IoT,  is  a  term  when  a  “thing”  or  an 
  object  is  connected  to  the  internet;  it is an integration of 
Big Data  visible and invisible infrastructures. 
Big  data  is  a  large  amount  of  data,  both  organized  and  - These are some examples of its role 
unorganized,  that  can  be  analyzed  and  helped  governments  - Smart  Lighting:  reports  lighting  failures,  changes  the 
and  businesses  to  make  better  decisions.  The  analysis from Big  brightness  automatically,  and  detects  the  presence  of  a 
Data  give  solutions  about  reducing  expenditures,  time  human 
efficiency,  and  new  product  development,  and  effective  - Smart  Parking:  detects  the  availability  of  a  parking  lot 
decisions.  and send them to an application 
Some effective decisions  - Smart  Environment:  alerts  and  sends  the  data  of  the 
- creating discounts based on customers taste  noise,  temperature,  humidity,  CO2,  and  other  gases  for 
- determining real cause of errors and problems  analysis. 
- identifying  suspicious  behavior  in  a  firm before a harmful  - Smart  Weather:  Application  called  Deep  Thunder  use 
action take place  Big  Data  analysis  and  sends  information  to  the 
Three examples of its role  application 
Reflection: Retrieved from 
https://www.citymetric.com/horizons/how-london-became-first-smar
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