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Introduction To Piping Systems: CM4110 Unit Operations Lab

This document provides an introduction and overview of piping systems, including the key components of pipes, fittings, joining methods, and valves. It discusses common piping materials like carbon steel, stainless steel, and plastics. Key pipe fittings are described that are used for changing directions, adding branches, joining pipe sections, and ending pipe runs. Common methods for connecting pipe and fittings include threaded, welded, soldered, compression, and mechanical joints. Finally, common valve types are introduced like gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, and check valves along with their typical applications.

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arminalizadeh
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92 views31 pages

Introduction To Piping Systems: CM4110 Unit Operations Lab

This document provides an introduction and overview of piping systems, including the key components of pipes, fittings, joining methods, and valves. It discusses common piping materials like carbon steel, stainless steel, and plastics. Key pipe fittings are described that are used for changing directions, adding branches, joining pipe sections, and ending pipe runs. Common methods for connecting pipe and fittings include threaded, welded, soldered, compression, and mechanical joints. Finally, common valve types are introduced like gate valves, globe valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, and check valves along with their typical applications.

Uploaded by

arminalizadeh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Piping Systems

CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Sept., 2010

1
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems
Overview
„ Piping Materials and Pipe Sizing
„ Pipe Fittings
„ Methods for Joining Pipes and Fittings
„ Common types of Valves

2
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems
A Piping System includes:
„ Pipe or tubing
„ Flanges
„ Fittings
„ Bolting
„ Gaskets
„ Valves
„ Hangers and supports
„ Insulations, coverings, coatings, tracing
3
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems – Pipe vs. Tubing


Standard Pipe Sizes
Diameters are “Nominal”
„ Sizes 12” and less, nominal size < OD
„ Sizes 14” and over, nominal size = OD

Wall thickness inferred thru “Schedule”


„ Schedule defines the max. allowable pressure

„ Defined Schedules:

5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160

4
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems – Pipe vs. Tubing


What is Pipe Schedule?
„ Schedule = P/S * 1000
P = max. working pressure of pipe, psig
S = allowable stress in piping material, psi
For carbon steel pipe, S = 36,000 psi

„ What is max. working pressure for


Schedule 40 Carbon Steel pipe?
40 * 36,000
P= = 1440 psig
1000
5
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems – Pipe vs. Tubing


Standard Tubing Sizes
Steel tubing
„ Diameters are Actual OD
„ Wall thickness is specified
Refrigeration Tubing
„ Single wall thickness available for each size
„ Actual OD
Copper Tubing – Nominal sizes
„ Type K, L, M

6
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems – Materials of Construction


Metallic piping – Carbon and low alloy
steel
„ Ductile
„ Inexpensive and available
„ Easy to machine, weld, cut
„ Some drawbacks

7
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems – Materials of Construction


Metallic piping -- Alloy Steels including
“Stainless Steels”
„ Good corrosion resistance
„ More difficult to machine, weld, cut
„ Some drawbacks

8
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems – Materials of Construction


Metallic piping – Nickel, Titanium, Copper,
etc.
„ Copper is used in residential and commercial
applications and is widely available
„ Other materials are expensive and difficult to
machine, weld, join
„ Some incompatibilities with each

9
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems – Materials of Construction


Non-Metallic piping – Thermoplastics
„ Wide range of chemical compatibility
„ Light weight
„ Easily cut and joined
„ Can’t handle high temps
„ Needs more support than metallic

10
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems – Materials of Construction


Non-Metallic piping – Fiberglass Reinforced
Pipe
„ Wide range of chemical compatibility
„ Easily cut and joined
„ Wider temperature limits than thermoplastics
„ Thermal expansion similar to carbon steel
„ Similar structural performance as carbon steel

11
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems – Materials of Construction


Other types of Non-metallic pipe:
Glass
Concrete
Lined or coated metallic pipe
Š Glass
Š Rubber
Š Cement
Š Teflon
Š Zinc (galvanized pipe)

Double Containment piping systems

12
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab

Piping Systems

Pipe Fittings

13
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Fittings

for changing directions


in a run of pipe:
45o Ell

90o Ell

Street Ell

14
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Fittings

for adding a branch


in a run of
piping:
Tee

Cross

15
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Fittings
for joining two
sections of pipe:
Coupling

Reducing Coupling

Union

Flange
16
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Fittings

for blocking the end of


a run of piping:

Pipe Plug

Pipe Cap

Blind Flange
17
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Fittings

add’l pipe fittings:


Nipple

Reducing Bushing

18
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems

Methods of connecting pipe


and fittings

19
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Connections

Threaded

20
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Connections

Welded

21
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Connections

Soldered

22
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Connections
Compression

23
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Connections
Mechanical joints
shown on glass drain piping system

24
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems

Types of Valves and their


Applications

25
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Valves

Gate Valve:
Used to block flow
(on/off service)

Sliding “gate”
on knife-gate
valve

26
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Valves

Globe Valve:
Used to regulate
flow

Cut-away shows:
stem seal,
plug,
and seat

27
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Valves

Ball Valve:
Normally used as
block valve
“Quarter-turn” valve

Cut-away shows ball


and seat

28
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Valves

Butterfly Valve:
Can be used for
flow control or
on/off
Valve actuator/
positioner for
accurate flow
control

29
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems – Valves

Check Valves:
Used to prevent
backflow
Piston check

Swing check

30
CM4110
Unit Operations Lab
Piping Systems

References:
Piping Handbook, 7th ed., Nayyar, McGraw-Hill, New
York, 2000.
Piping Design for Process Plants, Rase, John Wiley,
New York, 1963.
Valve Handbook, Skousen, McGraw-Hill, New York,
1998
www.flowserve.com, Flowserve Corp., Sept. 2004.
www.engineeringtoolbox.com, The Engineering
Toolbox, Sept. 2004.

31

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