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    Lab Report 3

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    Minhaj Ullah
    This lab report summarizes an experiment on flow over a V-notch. The objectives were to study the characteristics of flow over a V-notch in an open channel. The apparatus used included a hydraulic bench with a centrifugal pump, flow control valve, and measuring tank. Experiments were conducted with varying flow rates over a V-notch. Head over the notch and discharge values were measured and used to calculate the coefficient of discharge based on the theoretical equation for V-notch flow. Data and results are presented in tables and graphs.

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    Lab Report 3

    Uploaded by

    Minhaj Ullah
    52 views7 pages
    This lab report summarizes an experiment on flow over a V-notch. The objectives were to study the characteristics of flow over a V-notch in an open channel. The apparatus used included a hydraulic bench with a centrifugal pump, flow control valve, and measuring tank. Experiments were conducted with varying flow rates over a V-notch. Head over the notch and discharge values were measured and used to calculate the coefficient of discharge based on the theoretical equation for V-notch flow. Data and results are presented in tables and graphs.

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    This lab report summarizes an experiment on flow over a V-notch. The objectives were to study the characteristics of flow over a V-notch in an open channel. The apparatus used included a hydraulic bench with a centrifugal pump, flow control valve, and measuring tank. Experiments were conducted with varying flow rates over a V-notch. Head over the notch and discharge values were measured and used to calculate the coefficient of discharge based on the theoretical equation for V-notch flow. Data and results are presented in tables and graphs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    52 views7 pages

    Lab Report 3

    Uploaded by

    Minhaj Ullah
    This lab report summarizes an experiment on flow over a V-notch. The objectives were to study the characteristics of flow over a V-notch in an open channel. The apparatus used included a hydraulic bench with a centrifugal pump, flow control valve, and measuring tank. Experiments were conducted with varying flow rates over a V-notch. Head over the notch and discharge values were measured and used to calculate the coefficient of discharge based on the theoretical equation for V-notch flow. Data and results are presented in tables and graphs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    \

    Fluid Mechanics
    Lab
    Lab Report 3

    Roll # 3462-Mech
    SECTION E
    CLASS # 166
     TITLE
     OBJECTIVES
     APPARATUS DESCRIPTION
     PROCEDURE
     CALCULATIONS
     DATA ANALYSIS
     FIGURE/DIAGRAM/SNAPS
    To study characteristics of flow over V-Notch.

    Objectives
     To study characteristics of flow over V-Notch in an open channel.

    Apparatus Description
    1. HYDRAULIC BENCH
    The Hydraulic Bench Apparatus comprises of a self-contained,
    water re-circulating unit provided with a top tray and a sump tank
    and is mounted on wheels. Various Hydraulic experiments can be
    conducted on this setup. A Centrifugal Pump is fitted for water
    circulation. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water
    line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of
    water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stop
    watch. Water collected on the top tray from experimental setup,
    drains and return to sump tank.
    The Following Experiments Can Be Carried Out With Common
    Basic Table with Separate Experimental Setup which Can Be
    Connected To Hydraulic Bench with Flexible Pipe

     Bernoulli’s Theorem Apparatus


     Orifice and Mouth Piece Apparatus
     Flow measurement by Venturimeter and Orificemeter
     Losses due to Friction in Pipe Lines & Verification of Darcy’s law
     Losses in Pipe fitting and pipe bends
     Reynold’s Number study
     Flow over notches and weirs
     Impact of Jet on Vanes
     Pitot Static Tube

    2. Notch
    A notch can be defined as an opening in one side of a tank or a
    reservoir, like a large orifice, with the upstream liquid level below
    the top edge of the opening.
    Since the top edge of the notch above the liquid level serves no
    purpose, therefore a notch may have only the bottom edge and
    sides.
    The bottom edge, over which the liquid flows, is known as sill or
    crest of the notch and the sheet of liquid flowing over a notch (or a
    weir) is known as nappe or vein. A notch is, usually made of a
    metallic plate and is used to measure the discharge of liquids.

    Types of Notches
    There are many types of notches, depending upon their shapes.
    But the following are important from the subject point of view.
     Square notch
     Triangular/V notch
     Trapezoidal notch
     Stepped notch
    Characteristics of V-Notch
    The V-notch weir is a triangular channel section, used to measure small
    discharge values. The upper edge of the section is always above the
    water level, and so the channel is always triangular simplifying
    calculation of the cross-sectional area. V-notch weirs are preferred for
    low discharges as the head above the weir crest is more sensitive to
    changes in flow compared to rectangular weirs, for example, the
    Rehbock weir. Under laboratory conditions, V-notch weirs typically
    achieve accuracies of 2% to 5%, while field condition accuracies from 5%
    to 15% may be expected.
    An expression for the discharge can be derived by considering a strip of
    width band small thickness dh at a depth of h below the free surface.
    The discharge through the strip is obtained by applying the orifice
    formula as

    dQ =Cd (bdh)ඥ𝟐𝐠𝐡
    where Cd is the coefficient of discharge, The discharge Q over the entire
    V-notch is obtained by integration as
    𝐇
    Qactual=Cd ‫𝐡𝐝𝐛 𝟎׬‬ඥ𝟐𝐠𝐡
    𝟓
    𝟖 𝛉
    Qactual= Cdඥ𝟐𝐠 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐇 𝟐
    𝟏𝟓 𝟐

    where H is the head over crest, and 𝜃 is the apex angle. Generally, a
    right angle notch is used. Thus 𝜃=90o, and
    𝟓
    𝟖
    Qactual = Cdඥ𝟐𝐠 𝐇 𝟐
    𝟏𝟓

    The value of Cd for a right-angled notch generally varies between 0.60


    and 0.65.
    Procedure
    1. Measure the length of the notch.
    2. Open the supply valve. When the water level just starts overflowing the
    crest, note the crest level using the hook gauge.
    3. Increase the discharge by regulating the supply valve, when the
    discharge becomes steady, measure the head over the crest.
    4. Take the initial water level of the measuring tank and start the stop
    watch. Record the rise in water level for a suitable time period.
    5. Further increase the discharge and repeat step 3 and 4.

    Calculations
    S.NO QACTUAL H Cd
    1 0.3088 3.25 0.007
    2 0.6030 4.25 0.0068
    3 0.62 4.55 0.00594

    Data Analysis
    2.3635

    2.363

    2.3625

    2.362

    2.3615

    2.361

    2.3605

    2.36
    1 2 3 4
    Figures

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