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    Overview of GPON Technology

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    Steven Young
    GPON is an optical fiber technology standard that can deliver broadband services at speeds up to 2.5 Gbps. It has four main components: the optical line terminal (OLT), transmitting media like fiber cables, a fiber optic splitter, and the optical network terminal (ONT). The OLT is located at the service provider and distributes signals through splitters to the ONT at each user location. Loss budgets must be calculated to determine the maximum distance signals can be transmitted effectively. With its high speeds and cost savings over other technologies, GPON is widely used for fiber optic networks.

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    Overview of GPON Technology

    Uploaded by

    Steven Young
    133 views6 pages
    GPON is an optical fiber technology standard that can deliver broadband services at speeds up to 2.5 Gbps. It has four main components: the optical line terminal (OLT), transmitting media like fiber cables, a fiber optic splitter, and the optical network terminal (ONT). The OLT is located at the service provider and distributes signals through splitters to the ONT at each user location. Loss budgets must be calculated to determine the maximum distance signals can be transmitted effectively. With its high speeds and cost savings over other technologies, GPON is widely used for fiber optic networks.

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    GPON is an optical fiber technology standard that can deliver broadband services at speeds up to 2.5 Gbps. It has four main components: the optical line terminal (OLT), transmitting media like fiber cables, a fiber optic splitter, and the optical network terminal (ONT). The OLT is located at the service provider and distributes signals through splitters to the ONT at each user location. Loss budgets must be calculated to determine the maximum distance signals can be transmitted effectively. With its high speeds and cost savings over other technologies, GPON is widely used for fiber optic networks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    133 views6 pages

    Overview of GPON Technology

    Uploaded by

    Steven Young
    GPON is an optical fiber technology standard that can deliver broadband services at speeds up to 2.5 Gbps. It has four main components: the optical line terminal (OLT), transmitting media like fiber cables, a fiber optic splitter, and the optical network terminal (ONT). The OLT is located at the service provider and distributes signals through splitters to the ONT at each user location. Loss budgets must be calculated to determine the maximum distance signals can be transmitted effectively. With its high speeds and cost savings over other technologies, GPON is widely used for fiber optic networks.

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    of 6

    Overview of GPON Technology

    Passive optical networks (PON) technology was available in the middle of 90s.
    Since the huge development of network, various standards have been
    established and matured. PON developed from the first ATM PON (APON) and
    then evolved in Broadband PON (BPON) which is compatible with APON. Later,
    arisen Ethernet PON (EPON) and Gigabit PON (GPON) bring great
    improvement in data transmission distance and bandwidth. This tutorial will
    introduce about GPON technology.

    GPON Components
    GPON is defined by ITU-T recommendation series G.984. GPON represents an increase
    in bandwidth compared with APON and BPON. GPON can be applied in many areas. In
    fiber to the desktop (FTTD) application, GPON is distributed via single-mode, simplex
    optical fiber connectors, and passive optical splitter typically using angled polish
    connectors (APC) to provide precision terminations. There are four main components in
    this GPON system: the optical line terminal (OLT), the transmitting media (cabling and
    components), the fiber optical splitter, and the optical network terminal (ONT).
    OLT
    OLT is a device which serves as the service provider endpoint of a passive optical
    network. It is an active Ethernet aggregation device that is usually located in a data center
    or the main equipment room. An OLT converts the optical signals transmitting over fiber
    to the electrical signals and presents them to a core Ethernet switch. The OLT replaces
    multiple layer 2 switches at distribution points. OLT distributing signal is connected with
    backbone cabling or horizontal cabling through optical splitters, which are connected to
    the optical network terminal at each work area outlet.
    Transmitting Media
    GPON transmits signals through the passive, physical cabling infrastructure. The
    transmitting media include copper, fiber optic patch cords, enclosures, adapter panels,
    connectors, splitters and other materials. All these transmitting media components should
    be factored in the channel loss budget to get a better system performance.

    Fiber Optic Splitter


    Fiber optic splitter, also known as beam splitter, is an integrated waveguide optical power
    distribution device. With this fiber optic splitter, multiple devices can be served from a
    single fiber. It’s one of the most important passive devices in the optical fiber network. It’s
    especially useful in GPON, EPON and FTTx, etc. PON typically connects a single fiber
    from an OLT to multiple ONUs. The connectivity between OLT and ONUs is achieved by
    using fiber optical splitters. The number of the outputs in the splitter determines the
    number of the splits. The split ratios often contain 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 and 1:64. The
    insertion loss of a typical 1x32 optical splitter ranges from17 dB to 18 dB. Fiber optic
    splitter includes fused biconical taper (FBT) splitter and planar lightwave circuit (PLC)
    splitters.

    ONT
    ONT, also called the modem, connects to the termination point (TP) with an optical fiber
    cable, and connects to your router via an LAN / Ethernet cable. It converts the optical
    signals to electrical signals to deliver to the end device. ONT always has multiple Ethernet
    ports for connection to IP services such as CPUs, phones, wireless access points, and
    other video components.

    GPON Loss Budget


    PON is typically composed of OLT and ONUs and other optical transmission media such
    as fiber cables and connectors which have been pointed out before. Link loss can be
    caused by these components (cable, connectors, patch cords, splices, couplers, and
    splitters). Link loss is very important in designing optical access network. The link budget
    is shown as the following table. This budget covers all optical components between OLT
    and ONU.

    Table1. Loss budget for GPON system

    Bandwidth (nm) Items Path Loss (dB)

    Minimum optical loss 13

    1310

    Maximum optical loss 28

    Minimum optical loss 13

    1490

    Maximum optical loss 28

    GPON Power Budget


    The transmitter’s power and receiver’s sensitivity are two parameters that influence the
    reach of the access network. How to calculate the power budget? The formula is
    “P=FCA*L+SL+Penalties”. P represents power budget. FCA is fiber cable cable
    attenuation in dB/m. L is the distance and SL is a splitter loss. Penalties stands for
    additional loss such as the splice and connectors. The following table shows the required
    power budget for different GPON configurations.

    Table2. The minimum power budget for different GPON configurations

    Wavelength Required Power


    ONUs L (km ) FCA (dB/m) SL (dB) Penalties (dB)
    (nm) Budget (dB)
    16 10 1310 0.4 14.5 2.5 21

    16 20 1550 0.3 14.5 2.5 23

    32 10 1310 0.4 17 2.5 23.5

    32 20 1550 0.3 17 2.5 23.5

    Now let’s calculate the reach of a network system. Suppose that the power budget is
    about 23 dB. A single-mode fiber cable operating at the wavelength of 1550 nm is used.
    SL is 14 dB and there are two mechanical splices (0.5 dB/per splice) and two connectors
    (0.5 dB/per connector). So the maximum reach of the network can be calculated as (23-
    14-2*0.5-2*0.5)/0.3≈23km.

    Conclusion
    GPON is the most complex of all PONs. But it’s the best one of all PONs. GPON has the
    benefits of saving costs for moves and adds or other changes, low price per port on
    passive components, easy installation and low installation costs. So GPON gains the
    popularity in today’s diverse and ever-changing technology applications.

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