1

Assignment Solution Special 2006 MTH (2)

Maximum Marks 40
Due Date 29 sep 2006
Assignment Weight age 2%

DON’T MISS THESE Important instructions:

• To solve this assignment, you should have good command over 7-14 lectures up to end.
• Upload assignments properly through LMS, No Assignment will be accepted through email.
• Write your ID on the top of your solution file.
 Don’t use colorful back grounds in your solution files.
 Use Math Type or Equation Editor etc for mathematical symbols.

Question 1
dQ 2
+ Q=4
Identify the equation is dt 10 + 2t either linear or Bernoulli and also find the solution

Solution
dQ 2
+ Q=4
dt 10 + 2t
2
This is a linear differential equation for the unknown function Q (t ).Here p(t ) = , and q(t ) = 4.
10 + 2t
The int egrating factor is,
2
�( ) dt
I (t ) = e 10+ 2t = eln|10+ 2t | = 10 + 2t (t > -5)
Multiplying the differential equation by I (t ), we get
dQ
(10 + 2t ) + 2Q = 4(10 + 2t )
dt
d
[ (10 + 2t )Q ] = 40 + 8t
dt
I nt egrating both sides of the last equation, we get
t2
(10 + 2t )Q = 40t + 8 +c
2
(10 + 2t )Q = 40t + 4t 2 + c
On simplifying , we have
40t + 4t 2 + c
Q(t ) = (t > -5)
10 + 2t
 2

Question 2
A bacteria culture is known to grow at a rate proportional to the amount present. After one hour, 1000
strands of the bacteria are observed in the culture; and after four hours, 3000 strands. Find (1) an
expression for the approximate number of strands of the bacteria present in the culture at any time t
and (2) The approximate number of strands of the bacteria originally in the culture

Solution
(1) Let N (t ) denote the number of bacteria strands in the cultureat time t.we have
dN
- kN = 0, which is both linear and separable.its solution is
dt
N (t ) = ce kt (1)
At t = 1, N = 1000, we have
1000 = ce k (2)
At t = 4, N = 3000, we have
3000 = ce4 k (3)
now we find the values of k and c, dividing (3) by (2), we get
3000 = ce 4 k
1000 = cek
3 = e3 k
ln 3 = 3k
1.0986 = 3k
so k = 0.366
now from(2), we have
1000 = ce k
1000 = ce.366
1000 = c(1.441)
1000
c= = 693.96 = 694
1.441
substituting thse values of k and c in (1), we get
N (t ) = 694e 0.366t (4)
as an exp ression for the amount of the bacteria present at any time t.
(2) N when t = 0.substituting t = 0 int o (4), we get
N (0) = 694e(0.366)(0)
= 694
 3

Question 3
Show the functions { 1 - x,1 + x,1 - 3x} are either linearly independent or linearly dependent.

Solution

{ 1 - x,1 + x,1 - 3x}

To see, either the given functions are linearly independent or linearly dependent ,
we find Wronskian of the set .
For this we have to find the first and sec ond derivative of each of the function.
d (1 - x)
i -e = -1
dx
d (1 + x)
=1
dx
d (1 - 3 x)
= -3
dx
d 2 (1 - x )
and =0
dx 2
d 2 (1 + x)
=0
dx 2
d 2 (1 - 3 x)
=0
dx 2
now substituting the values in formula

1- x 1+ x 1 - 3x
d (1 - x) d (1 + x) d (1 - 3x )
i -e W (1 - x,1 + x,1 - 3 x) =
dx dx dx
d (1 - x) d (1 + x)
2 2
d (1 - 3x )
2

dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
1- x 1 + x 1 - 3x
= -1 1 -3
0 0 0
=0
so the functions are linearly dependent.

Question4

Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of the curves x 2 + y 2 = cy

 4

Solution
x 2 + y 2 = cy
here f ( x, y, c ) = x 2 + y 2 - cy
differentiating w.r .t x we get
dy dy
2x + 2 y =c
dx dx
dy
2 x + (2 y - c ) = 0 - - - - - (1)
dx
x2 + y 2
x + y = cy � c =
2 2

y
x 2 + y 2 dy
2 x + {2 y - ( )} = 0
y dx
2 y 2 - x 2 + y 2 dy
2x + { } =0
y dx
y 2 - x 2 dy
2x + { } =0
y dx
y 2 - x 2 dy
{ } = -2 x
y dx
dy -2 xy
= 2
dx y - x 2
-2 xy
now f ( x, y ) = 2
y - x2
dy y 2 - x 2
=
dx 2 xy
y 2 - x2
now as if f ( x, y ) = as f (tx, ty ) = t 0 f ( x, y )
2 xy
so it is hom ogenous equation
dy dv
so solving it as hom ogenous and take y = vx so =v+ x
dx dx
dv v x - x
2 2 2
v x -x
2 2 2
(v - 1) x
2 2
(v - 1)
2
v+x = = 2
= 2
=
dx 2 x.vx 2x v 2x v 2v

dv (v 2 - 1)
v+x =
dx 2v
dv (v - 1)
2
x = -v
dx 2v
 5

dv v 2 - 1 - 2v 2
x =
dx 2v
dv -(1 + v 2 )
x =
dx 2v
2v -1
dv = dx
1 + v2 x
taking int egral on both sides
2v -1
�
1+ v
dv = � dx
2
x
ln |1 + v 2 |= - ln | x | +c
y
put v =
x
y
ln |1 + ( ) 2 |= - ln | x | +c
x
y 2 + x2
ln | |= - ln | x | +c
x2
taking e on both sides
y2 + x 2 1 c
= e take ec = k
x2 x
2
x
y 2 + x2 = k
x
y 2 + x 2 = xk