IS266:1993

Indian Standard
SULPHURIC ACID - SPECIFICATION
(Third Revision) ’

Second Reprint MARCH 1997

UDC 661.25

0 BIS 1993
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAKBHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAHZAFARMARG
NEW DELHI 110002

my 1993 Price Group 7

Acids, Alkalis and Halides Sectional Committee, CHD 002

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Third Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finahzed by the Acids, Alkalis and Halides Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical
Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1950 and then revised in 1961. The second revision was brought out
in 1977 whetem the pure grade was substituted by chemically pure grade. Changes were also made in
various requirements, namely, total acidity, iron, chlorides, lead, arsenic, oxidizable impurities and
ammonia for both chemically pure as well as analytical reagent grades of sulphuric acid. In the second
revision, the specific gravity requirement was deleted as it was felt that this requirement need not be a
part of the specification. However, reference may be made to IS 4048 : 1989 ‘Density composition
tables for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid (first revision )’ for correlation between density and
composition of sulphuric acid.
In this revision, the requirements for iron content for the battery grade acid, oxidizable impurities for
the analytical reagent grade, antimony and platinum have been suitably amended. The method for
determination of oxidizable impurities has been modified. Suitable changes have been made in the
packing clause. This revision also incorporates Amendments No. 1, 2 and 3, issued in 1981, 1984 and
1986 respectively.
For general information regarding precautions to be observed in safe handling and use of sulphuric acid,
reference may be made to IS 4262 : 1967 ‘Code of safety for sulphuric acid’.
In the preparation of this standard, reference has been made to the following standards published by the
International Organization for Standardization ( IS0 ) :
ISO/910-1977 Sulphuric acid and oleum for industrial use - Determination of total acidity and
calculation of free sulphur trioxide content of oleum, titrimetric method.
ISO/913-1977 Sulphuric acid and oleum for industrial use - Determination of ash - Gravimetric
method.
ISO/R 915-1968 Sulphuric acid and oleum for industrial use - Determination of iron content -
2, 2’-bipyridyl spectrophotometric method.
ISO/2717-1973 Sulphuric acid and oleum for industrial use - Determination of lead content -
Dithizone photometric method.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off
in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘ Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ) ‘. The number of
significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in
this standard.
 IS 266 : 1993

Indian Standard
SULPHURIC ACID -SPECIFICATION
(Third Revision )
1 SCOPE dilute acid as received, shall be free from
suspended matter and other visible impurities.
1.1 This standard prescribes the requirements
and the methods of sampling and test for 4.1.3 Chemically Pure and Analytical Reagent
sulphuric acid. Grades
2 REFERENCES
Sulphuric acid of chemically pure and analytical
2.1 The Indian Standards listed below are reagent grades shall be a clear and colourless
necessary adjuncts to this standard: liquid, free from suspended matter and other
IS No. Title visible impurities.
264 : 1976 Nitric acid ( second revision ) 4.2 The material shall also comply with the
265 : 1993 Hydrochloric acid (fotrrth requirements given in Table 1 when tested
revision ) according to the methods prescribed in Annex A.
1070 : 1992 Reagent grade water ( third Reference to the relevant clauses of Annex A
revision ) is given in co1 8 of the Table 1.
1260 Pictorial marking for hand-
(Part 1) : 1973 ling and labelling of goods : 4.3 Optional Requirements
Part 1 Dangerous goods 4.3.1 Technical Grade
(first revision )
1388 : 1959 Reagents bottles Subject to agreement between the purchaser and
the supplier, technical grade acid complying
2088 : 1983 Methods for determination with all the requirements given in co1 3 of Table 1
of arsenic (seco& revision) except that for total acidity, may also be
4905 : 1968 Methods for random samp- supplied as more dilute or more concentrated
ling acid.
5296 : 1979 Chloroform, pure and
technical (Jil:rt revision) 4.3.2 Battery Grade

3 GRADES 4.3.2.1 Subject to agreement between the

purchaser and the supplier, battery grade
3.1 There shall be four grades of the material, concentrated acid complying with all the
namely: requirements given in co1 4 of Table 1 except
a) Technical (Tech), that for total acidity, may also be supplied as
more dilute or more concentrated acid.
b) Battery,
c) Chemically pure (CP), and 4.3.2.2 Subject to agreement between the
d) Analytical reagent (AR). purchaser and the supplier, requirements for
battery grade acid (concentrated and drlute)
3.1.1 The battery grade acid shall have two may include, in addition to the requirements
sub-grades, namely, concentrated and dilute. given in Table 1, limits for antimony and
4 REQUIREMENTS platinum as follows:

4.1 Description a) When tested according to the method

prescribed in A-17, the concentrated acid
4.1.1 Technical Grade shall contain not more than 1 ppm, and
Sulphuric acid of technical grade shall be a the dilute acid not more than O-3 ppm of
liquid not darker than brown in colour. antimony (as Sb).

4.1.2 Battery Grade (Concentrated and Dilute) b) When tested according to the method
prescribed in A-18, the concentrated acid
Sulphuric acid of battery grade shall be a colour- shall contain not more than 0.2 ppm and
less liquid. The concentrated acid on dilution the dilute acid not more than @06 ppm of
with ah’ equal volume of distilled water, and the platinum (as Pt).

1
 Table 1 Requirements for Sulphuric Acid
ii>
( Clauses 4.2 and 4.3 )
E
..
c
SI No. Characteristic Requirement Method of Test, U
~---------------- h--------_-__-__~ I Ref to Cl No. s
Technical Battery Grade (,hemically Analyttcal in Annex A )
Grade r__c_-&i_.-_~ Pure Grade Reagent Grade
Concentrated Dilute

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 17) (8)

i) Total acidity (as H2SO& percent by mass, Mfn 98’0 95‘0 30‘0 98’0 98 0 A-2

ii) Residue on ignition, percent by mass, Max 0’2 0’06 0’02 0’01 0‘002 A-3

iii) Iron (as Fe), percent by mass, Maw 0’05 0’003 0’001 0’001 0’000 05 A-4
(0’5 ppm)

iv) Chlorides (as Cl), percent by mass, fiflox - 0%01 0’000 3 0’003 5 0.000 02 A-5
(3 ppm) (0‘2 ppm)

v) Lead (as Pb), percent by mass, Max 0’005 0’002 0’000 1 A-6
(1 ppm)

h) vi) Arsenic (as As), percent by mass, Max 0’004 0’000 12 0’000 04 0’0002 0’000 005 A-7
(I ‘7 ppni) (0’4 ppm) (2 ppnl) (0 05 ppni)

vii) Oxidizable impurities (as SO*), percent by mass, - 0’0’ rJ.O? 0 001 0 000 4 A-U
Max (4 I-wn~

viii) Organic matter - 1-o I)il>b test - - A-9

ix) Nitrates (as NOs), percent by mass, Max - - 0’000 02. A-IO
(0’2 ppm)

x) Ammonia (as NH,), percent by mass, Max - 0’000 2 A-11

(2 ppm)

xi) Selenium (as Se), percent by mass, Max - 0’00’ 0 000 6 - ,I-12
(6 ppm)

xii) M;lngalle\e (as Mn), percent by mass, Max - 0 000 I 0.000 03 - - A-l?
(I ppm) (0’3 ppm)

xiii) Copper (ris Cu), percent by mass, Max - 0’003 0’001 A-l-l

xiv) Zinc (as Zn), percent by mass, Max 0’003 0’001 - <\-IS
XV) g;w;tc;a2trites and ammonia (as NJ, percent by 0 003 0’001 0’00 3 A-16
,
 IS 266 : 1993

5 PACKING AND MARKING fiiled with the same material to prevent move-
ment. Carboys shall be packed in suitable iron
5.1 Packing hampers or wooden crates, with the inter-space
being sufficiently stuffed with whiting, keiselguhr
5.1.1 The material shall be packed in containers or other noncombustible”materia1.
as agreed to between the purchaser and the
supplier and subject to the provisions of Red 5.1.6 In case of dilute sulphuric acid of relative
Tariff No. 18 of 1960 issued by the Indian density not more than l-216, certified in writing
Railway Conference Association, with any by the consignor, the inside packing of the case
alteration or addition made thereafter. may be straw or grass or wood shavings and the
mass of each case shall not exceed 130 kg.
5.1.2 When sulphuric acid is supplied in poly-
ethylene containers or screw-stoppered stone- 5.2 Marking
ware bottles or glass carboys or in cans, the
containers shall be fitted with leak-tight 5.2.1 The containers up to 12-litre capacity and
stoppers. also the packages shall be suitably marked in red
letters, the height of the letters shall be such as
5.1.3 Sulphuric acid of CP and AR grades shall to be visible with the naked eye. The drums and
be supplied in polyethylene containers or in glass tank wagons shall be marked in red letters not
bottles or glass carboys, fitted with tight less than 5 cm high, showing the name of the
TEFLON washers (of thickness 0.02 mm) and acid; indication of the source of manufacture;
stoppered with HDPE or other suitable stoppers. the grade and mass of the material; and the
The r;se of HDPE or other suitable caps over recognized trade-mark, if any. They shall
the stopper 1s recommended. prominently display the words ‘CORROSIYE,
5.1.4 When steel drums are used for transport HANDLE WITH CARE’.
by rail of acid of relative density not less than 5.2.2 The data of chemical analysis shall also be
l-74, these shall comply with the requirements shown on the containers of the analytical
of the specifications for steel drums prescribed reagent grade of the material.
in Red Tariff No. 18 of 1960 issued by the
Indian Railway Conference Association, with 5.2.3 The packages shall be labelled as shown
any alteration or addition made thereafter. in Fig. 15 of 1s 1260 (Part 1) : 1973.
5.1.5 The bottles or jars shall be packed in 6 SAMPLING
suitable pent top packing cases. These shall be
placed in an upright position on one layer of sand The method of drawing representative samples
or ashes free from cinders, or chalk, or dry earth of the material shall be as prescribed in
and the empty surrounding space shall also bc Annex B.

ANNEX A
( Clauses 4.2 and 4.3.2.2 )

METHODS OF TEST FOR SULPHURIC ACID

A-l QUALITY OF RtiAGENlS A-2.1 Apparatus

A-l.1 Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals A-2.1.1 Lunge-Rey Pipette
and distilled water ( see IS 1070 : 1992 ) shall be Lunge-Rey pipette shall be of the shape and
used in tests. dimensions shown in Fig. 1. If this pipette is not
NOTE - ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that
available, a weighing bottle, or a glass ampoule
do not contain impurities which affect the results of of the type shown in Fig. 2 may be used.
analysis.
A-2.2 Reagents
A-2 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ACIDITY A-2.2.1 Standard Sodium Hvdroxide Solution,
1 N, freshly srandardized. _’
A-2.0 General
A-2.2.2 Methyl Red Indicator
The material is titrated against standard Dissolve 1 g of methyl red in 95 percent (V/Y)
solution of sodium hydroxide using methyl red ethanol and dilute to 100 ml with the same
as indicator. ethanol.

3
IS 266 : 1993

2mm BORE A-2.3 Procedure

/
A-2.3.1 Sulphuric Acid Cmfent Higher than
98 Percent by Mass
II6
Accurately weigh about 2 g of material with
Lunge-Key pipette or weighing bottle or glass
ampoule. If the glass ampoule is used, carefully
t mix the test sample by shaking the container. If
!2 the acid IS partially crystalhzed, slightly heat
the container until the sample is dissolved, then
carefully mix again. Take the sample in a
beaker or flask and slightly heat in a flame
the bulb of glass ampoule previously weighed to
the nearest 0.1 mg. Immerse the capillary end
of the ampoule previously weighed to the
nearest O-1 mg. Immerse the capillary end of
the ampoule into the flask containing the test
/ sample and ensure that the bulb is filled up to
B5
about two-thirds of its volume during cooling
(2 to 3 ml approximately). Withdraw the ampoule
and carefully wipe the capillary end with filter
paper. Seal the capillary end in an oxidizing
flame, without loss of glass. Remove from the
flame and allow the ampoule to cool to room
temperature. Wash the capillary and wipe
carefully with filter paper. Weigh the ampoule
to the nearest 0.1 mg and calculate by difference
the mass of the test portion.
Carefully place the ampoule containing the test
portion into the conical flask containing 300 ml
of cold water. Stopper the flask and shake to
break the ampoulc containing the test portton;
Cool the flask during this operation. Keep
cooling and shaking until the vapours are
All dimensions in millimetres. completely absorbed. Remove the stopper and
Ao. 1 LUNGB-RBYPIP~B rinse it with water, collecting the washings in
the conical flask. By means of a glass rod, grind
the fragments of the ampoule and in particular
the capillary which may have remained intact in

1
spite of shaking. Withdraw the glass rod and
wash it with water, collecting the washings in
the conical flask. Add two drops of methyl red
indicator solution and titrate to the end point
with standard sodium hydroxide solution.

A-2.3.2 Sulphuric Acid Content Equal to or Lower

than 98 Percent by Mass
60mm
Weigh accurately as in A-2.3.1, about 2 g of the
sample and transfer to a 500-ml conical flask
containing approximately 300 ml of water. Add
two drops of methyl red indicator solution and
titrate to the end point with standard sodium
hydroxide solution.
A-2.4 Calculation
Total acidity (as H,SO.& c’ X N X 4.904
percent by mass = it/l
where
V = volume in ml of standard sodium
hydroxide solution used for the
FIG. 2 SPHBRSCAL GLASS ANIPOULS titration,
4
 IS 266 :1993

N = normality of standard sodium hydroxide A-4.1.2.2 Hydroxylummonium chloride solution

solution, and Dissolve 10 g of hydroxylammonium chloride
.11 = mass in g of the sample taken for the (NH, OH HCI) in water and dilute to 100 ml.
test.
A-4.1.2.3 Ammonium acetate solution, 30 percent
A-3 DETERMINATION OF RESIDUE ON (m/r).
IGNITION A-4.1.2.4 2’2’ -Bipyridyl solution
A-3.1 Procedure Dissolve 1 g of 2,2 -bipyridyl in 10 ml of dilute
Weigh to the nearest 10 mg about 50 g of the hydrochloric acid and dilute to 100 ml.
sample in a platinum or silica dish of lOO-ml A-4.1.2.5 Standard iron solution A
capacity, previously ignited at 800 -& 5O”C,
cooled in a desiccator and weighed. Evaporate Dissolve 0.702 2 g of ferrous ammonium sulphate
the acid carefully on a sand-bath, heating the [FeS04.(NH,)BS0,.6H10] in water in a 1 OOO-ml.
dish containing the test portion. Heat to dry- volumetric flask, add 4 ml of concentrated
ness. Place the dish containing the residue in an sulphuric acid and make up the volume to the
electric furnace heated at 800 f 50°C and keep mark with water. One millilitre of this solution
at this temperature for about 15 minutes. contains 0.1 mg of iron (as Fe).
Remove the dish from the furnace, cool in a
desiccator and weigh. Repeat heating, cooling A-4.1.2.6 Standard iron solution B
and weighing till constant mass is obtained. Take 100 ml of standard iron solution A and
A-3.1.1 Preserve the residue obtained from the dilute to 1 000ml with water in a 1 OOO-ml
battery grade concentrated and dilute acids for volumetric flask. One millilitre of this solution
the test prescribed in A-IJ. contains 0.01 mg of iron (as Fe). This solution
should be prepared fresh.
A-3.2 Calculation
A-4.1.3 Procedure
Residue on ignition, = M, x 100
percent by mass A-4.1.3.1 Preparation of calibration curve
Ma
Into each of a series of eleven lOO-ml volumetric
where flasks, place the quantities of standard iron
solution B as indicated below:
M, = mass in g of the residue weighed, and
Standard Iron Corresponding to Fe
M2 = Mass in g of the sample taken for the
test. Solution B
ml Pg
A-4 DETERMINATlON OF IRON 0 (compensation 0
A-4.0 Two methods are prescribed, namely, solution)
Method A (Bipyridyl method) and Method B 5.0 50
(Thiocyanate method). In case of dispute, 10.0 100
Method A shall be the referee method. 15.0 150
A-4.1 Method A (Bipyridyl Method) 20.0 200
,4-4.1.0 General 25.0 250
After evaporation, iron is reduced by means of 30.0 300
hydroxylammonium chloride, and the colour 35.0 350
developed with 2, 2’ -bipyridyl solution is 40.0 400
measured by a photometer at a wavelength of
about 522 nm. 45.0 450
50-O 500
A-4.1.1 Apparatus
Add to each volumetric flask an amount of
A-4.1.1.1 Photometer water sufficient to dilute to approximately
50 ml, then 2 ml of hydrochloric aoid, 2 ml of
Any spectrophotometer suitable for measure- hydroxylammonium chloride solution and after
ment at a wavelength of about 522 nm or 5 minutes, 5 ml of ammonium acetate Solution
photoelectric calorimeter. followed by 1 ml of 2,2’ -bipyridyl solution.
A-4.1.2 Reagents Dilute to the mark, mix thoroughly and wait for
10 minutes. Carry out the measurement on the
f-$.2.1 Dilute Hydrochloric acid, approximately spectrophotometer with a l-cm cell at a wave-
. length of about 522 nm (or on a photoelectric

.
Is 266 : 1993

calorimeter using appropriate filter) adjusting A-4.2.1 Apparatus

the instrument to zero optical density, using as A-4.2.1.1 Nessler Cylinders, 50-ml capacity.
reference the compensation solution, Prepare a
calibration graph with the iron content in A-4.2.2 Reagents
micrograms per 100 ml of the standard matching
A-4.2.2.1 Hydrochloric acid, 1 : 1 (v/v).
solution as abscissa and the corresponding
values of optical density as ordinate. A-4.2.2.2 Potassium permanganate solution, 0.1 N
A-4.1.3.2 Determination approximately.
A-4.2.2.3 Ammonium thiocyunate solution, 60 per-
Weigh accurately about 50 g of the sample in a cent (m/v).
platinum or silica dish (loo-ml capacity). Place
on a sand-bath and carefully evaporate to dry- A-4.2.2.4 Mixture of amyl alcohol and amyl
ness. Cool, take up with 2 ml of hydrochloric acetate, 1 : 1 (v/v).
acid and 25 ml of water and heat to facilitate ;-t2i2i52SQandard iron solution B, Same as
dissolution. Transfer quantitatively to a loo-ml - . . . .
one-mark volumetric flask, dilute to the mark,
mix and filter, if necessary. Transfer an aliquot A-4.2.3 Procedure
of the sample solution containing between 50
and 500 pg of iron, to a loo-ml one-mark A-4.2.3.1 For battery and chemically pure grades
volumetric flask. Dilute to approximately 50 ml, Dilute exactly 1 g of the material to 10 ml with
if necessary, then add successively 2 ml of water ifi a Nessler cylinder. Add one drop of
hydrochloric acid, 2 ml of hydroxylammonium potassium permanganate solution and mix
chloride solution and, after 5 minutes 5 ml of thoroughly. Add 5 ml of ammonium thiocyanate
ammonium acetate solution and 1 ml of solution and 10 ml of amyl alcohol and amyl
2,2’-bipyridyl solution. Dilute to the mark, mix acetate mixture. Make up to 50 ml, shake
and wait for 10 minutes. Carry out the spectro- vigorously and allow the layers to separate.
photometric (or photoelectric calorimetric) Compare the intensity of any red colour
measurement according to the procedure given produced in the upper layer with a control test
in A-4.1,3.1, adjusting the instrument to zero carried out in another Nessler cylinder in the
optical density using as reference the blank test same manner using the following amounts of
solution (see A-4.1.3.3). standard iron solutions in place of the sample:
A-4.1.3.3 Blank test a) 3 ml of standard iron solution B in the
case of battery grade concentrated acid,
At the same time as the analysis, carry out a
blank test using the same procedure and b) 1 ml of standard iron solution B in the
quantities of all reagents employed in the test. case of battery grade dilute acid, and
c) 1 ml of standard iron solution B in the
A-4.1.4 Calculation case of chemically pure grade acid.
By reference to the calibration chart ( see 4.2.3.2 For technical grade
A-4.1.3.1 ), determine the iron content corres-
ponding to the photometric measurement. Dilute exactly 1 g of the material to 100 ml.
Take 10 ml of this solution and carry out the
Iron ( as Fe ), m x 100 x 100
test as prescribed under A-4.2.3.1, but using
percent by mass - 5 ml of standard iron solution B in the control
VxM test.
where
A-4.2.3.3 For analytical reagent grade
m = mass in g of iron determined in the
aliquot of the sample solution, Accurately weigh 50 g of the sample in a
platinum or silica dish (loo-ml capacity). Place
V =; volume in ml of the sample solution on a sand-bath and carefully evaporate to dry-
taken for the colour reaction, and ness. Cool, add 2 ml of hydrochloric acid and
25 ml of water and heat to facilitate dissolution.
M = mass in g, of the sample taken for the Cool and carry out the test with this solution as
test. prescribed in A-4.2.3.1, but using 2.5 ml of
A-4.2 Metbod B ( Thiocysnate Method ) standard iron solution B in the control test.

A-4.2.0 General A-4.2.3.4 The limit prescribed for the nppro-

priate grade in Table 1 shall be taken as not
The colour produced by a known quantity of having been exceeded if the intensity of colour
the material with ammonium thiocyanate is produced in the test with the material is not
compared with a control containing known greater than that produced in the respective
quantity of iron. control test.
 IS 266 : 1993

A-5 TEST FOR CHLORIDES A-6.2 Apparatus

A-5.1 Apparatus A-6.2.1 Spectrophotometer
Any spectrophotometer suitable for measure-
A-5.1.1 Nessler Cylinders, 50-ml capacity. ment at a wavelength of about 520 nm or
A-5.2 Reagents photoelectric absorptiomcter fitted with filters
giving maximum transmission between 500 and
A-5.2.1 Dilute Nitric Acid, approximately 4 N. 540 nm.
A-5.2.2 Silver Nitrate Solution, approximately A-6.3 Reagents
5 percent (m/v). A-6.3.1 Chloroform, see 1s 5296 : 1979.
A-5.2.3 Standard Chloride Solution A-6.3.2 Hydrochloric Acid, approximately 12 N
(see IS 265 : 1993).
Dissolve 1.648 g of sodium chloride, previously
dried, in 1 000 ml of water. Dilute 10 ml of this A.6.3.3 Ammonium Citrate Solution, 10 percent
solution again to I 000 ml in a volumetric flask. (m, v).
One millilitre of the diluted solution is A-6.3.3.1 Purification of the solution
equivalent to 0.01 mg of chloride (as Cl). To 100 ml of solution, add ammonia solution,
AS.3 Procedure approximately 0.91 g/ml, until the pH reaches
a value between 8.5 and 10, checking with the
Dilute exactly 2 g (25 g in case of dilute battery indicator paper. Transfer the solution to a
and AR Grades) of the material to 50 ml with separating funnel, add 10 ml of the dithizone
water in a Nessler cylinder. Add 1 ml of dilute solution and shake vigorously. Allow to
nitric acid and 1 ml of silver nitrate solution separate, withdraw and reject the organic phase.
and mix. Carry out a control test in the other Repeat the extraction, each time with 5 ml of
Nessler cylinder in the same manner using the the dithizone solution. until green colour
following quantities of standard chloride remains. Allow to separate, withdraw and
solution: reject the organic phase.
a) 2 ml in the case of battery grade concen- A-6.3.4 Potassium Cyanide Solution, 50 g/l.
trated acid, f6$;.: Hydroxylammonium Chloride Solution,
.
b) t’inl in the case of battery grade dilute
, A-6.3.6 Ammonia Solution, approximately 5 N.
c) 7 ml in the case of CP grade acid, and NOTE - A freshly prepared solution shall be used
in order to avoid too high a value being obtained
d) 0*5 ml in the case of AR grade acid. by the blank test, due to dissolved lead. In fact,
dilute ammonia dissolves lead contained in the
glass more rapidly than does concentrated ammonia.
A-5.3.1 The limit prescribed for the appropriate
grade in Table 1 shall be taken as not having A-6.3.7 Dithizone Solution, 0.025 g/I in chloro-
been exceeded if the turbidity produced in the form.
test solution is not greater than that produced If dithizone of satisfactory quality is not
in the tespectrve control test. available, it may be purified by the method as
given in A-6.3.7.1.
A-6 DETERMINATION OF LEAD
A-6.3.7.1 Purifjcation of the dithizone
A-6.0 General Dissolve 1 g of dithizone ( biphenylthiocarba-
After evaporation of a test portion, lead is zone ) in 75 ml of chloroform. Filter the
reduced by hydroxylammonium chloride. Com- solution, collecting the filtrate in a 250.ml
plexes are formed of interfering elements with separating funnel. Add 100 ml of approximately
ammonium citrate and potassium cyanide. Lead O-2 N ammonia solution and shake vigorously.
is extracted at pH between 8.5 and IO by a Withdraw the organic phase, collecting it in
solution of dithizone in chloroform. Excess of another separating funnel, and repeat, a further
three times, the same operation, using 100 ml of
dithizone is eliminated by an ammoniacal solu-
tion of potassium cyanide. Lead dithizonate is approximately 0.2 N ammonia solution each
determined by photometric measurement in time. ( The dithizone thus passes into the
chloroform solution at a wavelength of about alkaline aqueous phase, which assumes a more
or less intense reddish-yellow coloration. )
520 nm.
Discard the organic phase, combine the orange
A-6.1 Range coloured aqueous extracts, filter them and
transfer them to a I COO-mlbeaker. Precipitate
This method is applicable for the determination the. dithizone by slight acidification with a
of lead (as Pb) contents greater than 1 mg/kg. saturated solution of sulphur dioxide. Allow the
IS 266 : 1993

precipitate to settle, filter through a sintered A-6.4.2 Blank Test

glass crucible and wash with water until there
is no further acid reaction. Dry the precipitate Carry out, in parallel, a blank test, using the
in a desiccator containing concentrated sul- same quantities of reagents as employed for the
phuric acid under vacuum and in darkness, for determination, and following the same procedure
3 to 4 days. Grind the solid dry product quickly for the blank test, the determination and for
and transfer immediately to a small dark glass the preparation of the calibration curve.
bottle. The dith zone, thus purified and stored A-6.4.3 Preparation of the Calibration Curve
away from direct sunlight, can be kept for at
least 6 months. A-6.4.3.1 Preparation of the standard matchirlg
solutions for photometric measurements with a
A-6.3.7.2 Preparation of the solutrorl l-cm cell
Immediately before use, weigh to the nearest Tnto eleven separating funnels of IOO-ml capa-
1 mg, 25 mg of the purified dithizone city, fitted with ground glass stoppers, transfer
(see A-6.3.7.1), transfer to a 1 000-ml volumetric IO ml of water and add respectively the volumes
flask, dissolve in chloroform, dilute to the measured with the burette, of the standard lead
mark with chloroform and mix. Store the solution B indicated below:
solution in a dry, dark glass, air-tight bottle.
Standard Lead Corresponding
A-6.3.8 Potassium Cyanide Solution, 1 g/l Solution B Mass of Lead
( ammoniacal ).
ml clg
Transfer 20 ml of the potassium cyanide solution 0 ( compensation 0
to a 1 000.ml volumetric flask. Dilute with solution )
water, add IO ml of ammonia solution, of rela-
tive density approximately 0.88 g/ml, dilute to the 1-o 10
mark and mix. 2-o 20
3.0 30
‘CAUTION - Because potassium cyanide is extremely
poisonous, it shall only be handled with all necessary 4.0 40
precautions. In particular, do not add acids to 5.0 50
solutions containing cwnides, otherwise hydrogen
cyanide will be released. 6.0 60
7.0 70
A-6.3.9 Standard Lead Solution A
8.0 80
Weigh 1.600 g of lead nitrate previously dried at 9.0 90
105°C and cooled in a desiccator, and transfer
to a beaker. Dissolve in a little water and 1 ml 10.0 100
of nitric acid solution, approximately 1.40 g/ml. A-6.4.3.2 Add to each of these solutions, 1 ml
Transfer the solution quantitatively to a of the hydroxylammonium chloride solution and
I 000-ml volumetric flask, dilute to the mark IO ml of ammonium citrate solution and adjust
and mix. One millilitre of this standard solution the pH between 8.5 to 10 by adding ammonia
contains 1 mg of lead. solution drop by drop, checking with the indi-
cator paper. Add 2 ml of potassium cyanide
A-6.3.10 Standard Lead Solution B solution, and shake, followed by 5 ml of the
Trasnfer 10 ml of the standard lead solution A dithizone solution and extract the lead dithizo-
to a 1 000-m] volumetric flask, add 1 ml of nitric nate, shaking vigorously for 1 minute. Allow to
acid solution, of relative density approximately separate and draw off the organic phase,
1.40 g/ml, dilute to the mark and mix. One collecting it in a 50-ml volumetric flask.
millilitre of this standard solution contains Continue the extraction with successive portions
10 pg of lead. Prepare this solution immediately of 5 ml of dithizone solution, until the last
before use. portion of the dithizone solution, after swirling,
remains green. Collect the various portions of
A-6.3.11 pH Indicator Paper, covering the range the organic phase, as drawn off, in the same
from 8.5 to 10. 50-m] volumetric flask, including the portion
that remains green. Dilute the organic phase to
A-6.4 Procedure the mark with chloroform and mix. In order to
eliminate the excess of dithizone piesent in the
A-6.4.1 Test Portion
organic phase, carry out the extraction with the
Fill the pipette with the test sample and, weigh minimum number of manipulations, using 5 ml
by difference to the nearest 0.02 g, take a test portions of ammoniacal cyanide solution each
portion of about 50 g. Transfer the test portion time, until the yellow colour of dithizone has
to a 250-m] beaker. disappeared. Then draw off the organic phase,

8
 IS 266 : 1993

which will have a clear pink colour, and pass it where

through a dry, ‘acid-washed’ filter paper,
Mm mass in g of the test portion,
collecting the filtrate in a dry-vessel.
MI = mass in pg of lead found in the aliquot
NOTE - Dithizonales are particularly sensitive to portion of the test solution,
ultraviolet light and should, therefore, be protected
from sunlight-and fluoresceni iight. Mz = mass in pg of lead found in a corres-
ponding aliquot portion of the blank
A-6.4.3.3 Photometric measurements test solution, and
Carry out the photometric measurements using D = ratio of the volume of test solution to
the specttophotometer at the maximum of the the volume of aliquot portion taken
absorption curve ( wavelength of about 520 nm) for the extraction of the lead dithizo-
or with the photoelectric absorptiometer fitted nate.
with suitable filters; in each case adjust the
instruments to zero absorbance against the A-7 DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC
compensation solution.
A-7.1 Procedure
A-6.4.3.4 Preparation of calibration chart
Take a suitable quantity of the material so that
Plot a graph having, for example, the lead ( as the test solution contains 1 to 10 rg of arsenic
Pb ) contents, expressed in micrograms per in a final volume of 5.0 f 0.5 ml. Determine
50 ml of standard matching solution, as abscissa arsenic by silver diethly dithiocarbamate method
and the corresponding values of absorbance as as prescribed in IS 2088 : 1983.
ordinate.
A-8 TEST FOR OXIDIZABLE IMPURITIES
A-6.4.4 Determination
A-6.4.4.1 Preparation of the test solution A-8.1 Reagents
Place the beaker containing the test portion A-8.1.1 Potassium Permangariate Solution,
( A-6.4.R) on a sand-bath and evaporate cautio- exactly 0.01 N.
usly to dryness in a well-ventilated fume A-8.2 Procedure
cupboard. Cool, take up with 2 ml of
hydrochloric acid solution and 25 ml of water, Take a known volume of the material ( say 10 to
and warm moderately to complete the 20 ml ) in a 250-ml conical flask and dilute with
dissolution. Allow to cool, transfer the solution an equal volume of water. Titrate the solution
quantitatively to a volumetric flask of suitable against standard potassium permanganate to a
capacity, dilute to the mark and mix. light, permanent pink colour end pomt.
A-6.4.4.2 Estraction of the lead dithizonate A-8.3 Calculation
According to the expected lead content, take an Oxidizable impurities ( as SO, )
aliquot portion of the test solution ( A-6.4.4.1 ) percent by mass ,GxVxzv
containing 10 to 100 pg of lead and transfer it M
to a separating funnel. Then proceed with the where
determination as given in A-6.4.3.1.
V = volume in ml of standard permanga-
NOTE - If the lead content to be determined is of nate solution used for the titration,
the order of 1 mgikg, use the whole of the test solu-
tion, without dilution, for the extraction of the lead N = normality of potassium permanganate
dithizonate solution, and
A-6.4.4.3 Photometric measurements M = mass in g ( volume x relating density)
Carry out the photometric measurements of the of the sample taken for the test.
chloroform solution of lead dithizonate deriving A-9 TEST FOR ORGANIC MATTER
from the test solution and that deriving from
the blank test, according to the methods given A-9.1 Procedure
in .4-6.4.3.2, but after having adjusted the Heat the acid in a clean beaker until the acid
instrument to zero absorbance against the begins to fume strongly.
chloroform.
A-9.1.1 The material shall be taken to have
A-6.4.5 Calculation passed the test i,’ it shows no perceptible
By means of the calibration curve ( see charring.
A-6.4.3.4 ), determine the quantity of lead A-10 TEST FOR NITRATES
corresponding to the values of the photometric
measurements: A-10.1 Reagents
(M, -M,)
Lead ( as Pb ), ppm = --lF-- x D A-10.1.1 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid - ( see
IS 265 : 1993 ).

9
Is 266 : 1993

A-10.1.2 Diphenylamine Solution A-12.1.2 Sodium Suilphite

Prepare by mixing 90 mg of diphenylamine ..with A-12.1.3 Standard Selenium Solution
60 ml of nitrogen-free sulphuric acid and adding Dissolve O-100 g of selenium in 5 ml of concen-
the mixture to 20 ml of water. trated nitric acid and 10 ml of concentrated
A-10.2 ProcFdure hydrochlogic acid. Evaporate to dryness and
then take up the residue with water and a little
Dilute 6 ml of the material with 2 ml of water, dilute selenium-free sulphuric acid ( 6 N ).
cool to 60-C and add one drop of concentrated Make up the volume to 1 000 ml. One millilitre
hydrochloric acid and 1 ml of diphenylamine of this solution contains O-1 mg of selenium
solution. ( as Se ).
A-10.2.1 The limit prescribed in Table 1 shall A-12.2 Procedure
be taken as not having been exceeded if no blue
colour is produced. A-12.2.1 For Battery Grade Concentrated Acid
Cool exactly 5 g of the material contained in a
A-11 TEST FOR AMMONIA test-tube by surrounding the tube with crushed
ice. Carefully add to the acid 10 ml of
A-11.1 Reagents concentrated hydrochloric acid containing
A-11.1.1 Sodium Hydroxide Solution, appro- about 10 mg of sodium sulphite. When efferve-
ximately 30 percent. scence ceases, no red colour shall appear at the
zone of contact of the two liquids at the end of
A-11.1.2 Nessler Solution 3 minutes from the time the acid is completely
covered’ by the first addition. ‘Ihe reddish
Dissolve 10 g of potassium iodide in 10 ml of brown ring caused by selenium, if present,
wa\er and add to it slowly, with stirring, a forms slightly above, and separate from, a
saturated aqueous solution of mercuric chloride yellow ring which may result from the presence
until a slight permanent precipitate forms. Add of copper and iron. Carry out a control test
30 g of potassium hydroxide and, when it has using one millilitre of standard selenium solution
dissolved, add 1 ml more of mercuric chloride in the same total volume and compare the
solution and dilute to 200 ml with water. Allow selenium rings, viewing them transversely
to settle overnight and then decant the clear against a white background.
solution. Keep the solution in a bottle closed
with a well-fitting rubber stopper. A-12.2.1.1 The relevant limit prescribed in
Table 1 shall be taken as not having been
A-11.1.3 Standard Ammonium Chloride Solution exceeded if the intensity of colour of the ring
Dissolve O-314 g of ammonium chloride in one produced by the material is not greater than
litre of water. Further dilute 100 ml of the ihat produced in the control test. -
sdlution to 1 000 ml. One millilitre of the diluted
solution contains 0.01 mg of ammonia A-12.2.2 For Battery Grade Dilute Acid
( as NH8 ). Carry out the test as described under A-12.2.1
A-11.2 Procedure using exactly 5 g of the material for the test and
0.3 ml of standard selenium solution for the
Add exactly 20 g of the material to 40 ml of control test.
water, cool in ice and make alkaline with
sodium hydroxide solution. Add to the mixture A.13 TEST FOR MANGANESE
1 ml of Nessler solution. Carry out a control A-13.1 Reagents
test usirig 4 ml of standard ammonium chloride
solution in place of the material, finally diluting A-13.1.1 Concentrated Nitric Acid -- ( see
the contents to the same volume as in the test IS 264 : 1976 ).
with the material.
A-13.1.2 Potassfum Periodate
A-11.2.1 The limit prescribed in Table 1 shall
A-13.1.3 Standard Potassium Permanganate
be taken as not having been exceeded if the
Solution, exactly O*OO
1 N.
intensity of colour produced in the test solution
is not greater than that produced in the control A-13.2 Procedure
test.
A-13.2.1 For Battery Grade Concentrated Acid
A-12 TEST FOR SELENIUM Dilute exactly 25 g of the material to 95 ml and
A-12.1 Reagents add 5 ml of concentrated nitric acid. Add 0.5 g
of potassium periodate and boil the solution
A-12.1.1 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid - ( see vigorously in a covered beaker for 5 minutes.
JS 265 : 1993. Cool and compare the colour with that of an

10
 IS 266 : 1993

equal volume of a solution containing 2.3 ml of A-15 TEST FOR ZINC

standard potassium permanganate solution, 5 ml
of nitric acid and 0.5 g of potassium periodate A-15.0 General
in water, this solution having been treated in The test shall be carried out only if the residue
the same manner. on ignition as obtained in A-3.1 exceeds
A-13.2.1.1 The relevant limit prescribed in 0.003 percent in case of battery grade concen-
Table 1 shall be taken as not having been trated acid and O*OOlpercent in case of battery
exceeded if the intensity of colour produced by grade dilute acid.
the material is not greater than that produced A-15.1 Apparatus
in the control test.
A-15.1.1 Nessler Cylinders, loo-ml capacity.
A-13.2.2 For Battery Grade Dilute Acid
A-15.2 Reagents
Carry out the test as described under A-13.2.1
using exactly 25 g of the material for test and A-15.2.1 Sulphuric Acid, 5 percent (m/v), zinc-
0.7 ml of standard potassium permanganate free.
solution for [he control test.
A-15.2.2 Hydrogen Sulphide Gas
A-14 TEST FOR COPPER
A-15.2.3 Ammonium Hydroxide, relative den-
A-14.0 General sity O-90.
The test shall be carried out only if the residue A-15.2.4 Citric Acid Solution, 50 percent ( t?jir ).
on ignition as obtained under A-3.1 exceeds
0.003 percent in case of battery grade concen- A-15.2.5 Ammonium Thiocyanate, 2 percent
trated acid and O*OOlpercent in case of battery solution ( m/v ).
,grade dilute acid. A-15.2.6 Hydrochloric Acid, relative density
A-14.1 Apparatus I *20.

A-14.1.1 Nessler Cylinders - 50-ml capacity. A-15.2.7 Potassium Ferrocyanide Solution, 5 per-
cent ( m/v ).
A-14.2 Reagents
A-15.2.8 Standard Zinc Solution
A-14.2.1 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid - ( see
IS 265 : 1993 ). &solve O-1 g of pure zinc in IO ml of hydro-
chloric acid and dilute to 1 000 ml. One
A-14.2.2 Ammonium Hydroxide, relative den- mthihtre of this solution contains 0.1 mg of
sity 0.90. zinc.
A-14.2.3 Stundard Copper Solution A-15.2.9 Calcium Carbonate
Dissolve 0.393 g of cupric sulphate( CuSO&,O)
in 1 000 ml of water. One millilitre of the A-15.3 Procedure
solution contains 0.1 mg of copper ( as Cu ).
A-15.3.1 In a silica dish, evaporate 25 ml ( for.
A-14.3 Procedure concentrated grade ) or 100 ml ( for diiute
grade ) of battery grade sulphuric acid to
Add to the residue obtained in A-3.1, 1 ml of dryness. Dissolve in 25 ml of 5 percent sul-
concentrated hydrochloric acid, warm on a phuric acid and precipitate heavy metals with
steam-bath to dissolve copper and iron oxides, hydrogen sulphide.
and dilute to 10 ml. Neutralize the solution
with ammonium hydroxide and add 4 ml of Filter off the heavy metals and boil the filtrate
ammonium hydroxide in excess. Heat sufficiently to remove the hydrogen sulphide, cool,
to coagulate any precipitate, filter into a Nessler neutralize with ammonium hydroxide and add
cylinder, and dilute to 25 ml. The relevant 10 ml of 50 percent citric acid solution. Heat
ltmit prescribed in Table 1 shall be taken as not the solution to boiling and if no calcium citrate
having been exceeded if the intensity of the separates, add small quantities of calcium
blue colour in the solution is not greater than carbotane at a time until a precipitate of about
that of a control standard prepared from the 1-O g of calcium citrate is formed. Remove
following amounts of standard copper solution from heat and pass a stream of hydrogen
treated with 4 ml of ammonium hydroxide and sulphide through the solution until it has cooled.
diluted to 25 ml in another Nessler cylinder: Filter the solution through a small filter paper
and wash with ammonium thiocyanate solution.
15 ml in the case of battery grade con- Dissolve the precipitate in 3 ml of hydrochloric
centrated acid, and acid diluted to 10 ml with water and wash the
5 ml in the case of battery grade dilute paper with water. Wash the solution into a
acid. IOO-ml Nessler cylinder and hold until a series

11
I6 266 : 1993

of standards covering the range in which the same procedure using the following quantities of
sample falls has been prepared by measuring standard ammonium chloride soldtion:
portions of the standard zinc solution into
lOO-ml Nessler cylinders. Dilute the standard a) 6 ml in the case of CP grade acid and
and sample solutions to about 90 ml and add battery grade concentrated acid, and
3 ml of hydrochloric acid to the standard b) 2 ml in the case of battery grade dilute
solution and 2 ml of potassium ferrocyanide acid.
solution to all solutions. Dilute the contents of
each Nessler cylinder to the mark and mix A-16.3.1 The relevant limit prescribed in Table 1
thoroughly. After standing for at least 5 minutes shall be taken as not having been exceGded if
compare the turbidity of the standard and the the intensity of colour produced \bith the
sample. Calculate the percentage of zinc from material is not greater than that produced in
the quantity of sample taken and the standard the respective control test.
solution similar in turbidity to that of the
sample. A-17 TEST FOR ANTIMONY

A-16 TEST FOR NITRATES, NITRITES AND A-17.1 Reagents

AMMONIA A-17.1.1 Hydrogen Sulphide Gas
A-16.1 Apparatus A-17.1.2 Mercuric Chloride Test Paper
~-16.1.1 Nessler Cylinders, 50-ml capacity. A-17.1.3 Dilute Ammonium Hydroxide, 1:4
( v/v )-
A-16.2 Reagents
A-17.1.4 Concentrated Sulphuric Acid
-4-16.2.1 Sodium Hydroxide Solution, approxi-
mately 40 percent ( m/v ). A-17.1.5 Standard Antimony Solution
Dissolve 0.548 g of antimony potassium tarta-
A-1.6.2.2 Devarda’s Alloy rate in water and make up to 1 000 m!. Dilute
Containing 45 parts aluminium, 50 parts copper 100 ml of this solution to 1000 ml. One millilitre
and 5 parts zinc. Heat the aluminium in a of this solution contains O-02 mg of antimony
Hessian crucible in a furnace until the alu- ( as Sb ).
minium begins to melt. Add copper in small A-17.1.6 Sodium Sulphite
portions and heat until liquefied. Now plunge
zinc into the molten mass. Cover the crucible A-17.1.7 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid, See
and heat the mixture for a few moments and stir IS 265 : 1993.
with an iron rod. Allow it to cool slowly with
the cover on and then pulverize the crystallized A-17.2 Procedure
mass. A-17.2.1 For Battery Grade Concentrated Acid
A-16.2.3 Dilute Hydrochloric Acid, approxi- A-17.2.1.1 Preliminary test
mately 6 N.
Take 20 ml of the material, dilute with water
A-16.2.4 Nessler Solution, same as in A-11.1.2. to 150 ml and filter from any precipitated lead
sulphate. Pass hydrogen shlphide through the
A-16.2.5 Standard Ammonium Chloride Solution solution for 5 minutes, let it stand for
10 minutes and filter through a 9-cm quantita-
Prepare a solution containing O-381 9 g of tive filter paper of close texture without wash-
ammonium chloride per litre. One millilitre of ing. Unfold the paper and examine it closely,
this solution contains O-1 mg of nitrogen especially near the centre, in day-light or
( as N ). artificial light of equivalent colour. If the paper
shows neither a black nor a brown coiour nor a
A-16.3 Procedure light yellow or orange colour, antimony is absent
Weigh exactly 20 g of the material and add within the requirements of the specification,
cautiously to 100 ml of water ia a SOO-mlflask. and test for it may be omitted. If precipitation
After cooling, carefully neutralize with sodium of sulphur occurs during treatment with
hydroxide solution till the liquid is distinctly hydrogen sulphide, this preliminary test may be
alkaline. Add 2 g of Devarda’s alloy and fit a useless and the actual test as given in A-17.2.1.2
distillation head and condenser. After one hour, shall be carried out.
distil off 50 ml into a conical flask containing A-17.2.1.2 Actual test
1 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid. Transfer the
distillate to a Nessler cylinder, add 1 ml of a) If the arsenic content ( as As ) has -been
sodium hydroxide solution and 2 ml of Nessler found to be not greater than 0000 012
solution. ‘Carry out a control test following the percent by mass, antimony be determined

I2
 IS 266 : 1993

without first removing arsenic. In this case, b) If the arsenic content ( as As ) has been
evaporate exactly 20 g of the material to found to exceed 0.000 004 percent by mass,
4 or 5 ml, proceed as for the determination the arsenic present may interfere with the
of arsenic by modified Gutzeit method as determination of antimony and shall be
prescribed in IS 2088 : 1983 except that removed. In this case, take exactly 5 g of
the solution is finally warmed to about the material and proceed exactly in the
60°C and kept at that temperature for one manner described under A-17.2.1.2 (b) but
hour. Developed the colour by immersing using 1.5 ml of standard antimony
the mercuric chloride test paper strip ,in solution in the control test.
dilute ammonium hydroxide. Compare
the stain with that obtained under iden-
tical conditions from a solution containing A-17.2.3 The relevant limit prescribed in 4.3.2.2
4 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid and (a) shall be taken as not having been exceeded
1 ml of standard antimony solution. if the length of the stain produced with the
material as well as the intensity of its colour is
b) If the arsenic content ( as As ) has been not greater than that produced in the respective
found to exceed O*OOO012 percent by mass, control test.
the arsenic present may interfere with the
determination of antimony and shall first A-18 TEST FOR PLATINUM
be removed. In this case, evaporate
exactly 100 g of the material to 4 or 5 ml
in a 250-ml beaker, cool and cautiously A-18.1 Reagents
add 10 ml of water containing about
0.25 g of sodium sulphite. .Evaporate until A-18.1.1 Aqua Regia
fumes begin to appear, cool and add
100 ml of concentrated hvdrochloric acid. Prepared by mixing three volumes of concen-
Boil slowly in an open beaker until the trated hydrochloric acid with one volume of
volume is reduced to 40 or 45 ml, keeping concentrated nitric acid.
the temperature of the liquid below 110°C.
Use boiling tubes or some other device A-18.2 Procedure
to minimize bumping, and take care not
to let the volume get too small or the
temperature too high, otherwise some of A-18.2.1 For Battery Grade Concentrated Acid
the antimony may be lost. Transfer to a
Evaporate 10 ml of the material in a small
50-ml volumetric flask and dilute to
porcelain evaporating dish on a sand-bath.
50-ml. To a 10 ml aliquot, add 10 ml of
E,vaporate completely but do not heat the residue
water and 3 ml of concentrated sulphuric
unnecessarily. Cool and add 2 ml of aqua regia.
acid. Dilute to 50 ml and proceed as
Cover the dish with a watch-glass and digest on
directed in A-17.2.1.2 (a), comparing the
the steam-bath for 10 minutes. Remove the
stain with that obtained under identical
watch-glass and evaporate the solution to five
conditions from a solution containing
or six drops. If the solution accidentally evapo-
1 ml of standard antimotiy solution, 3 ml
rates completely, repeat the treatment with
of concentrated sulphuric acid and 4 ml
of concentrated hydrochloric acid. aqua regia. Absorb the residual solution in a
piece of thin asbestos paper not more than
O-8 mm thick, 5 mm wide and 30mm long. Hold
A-17.2.2 For Battery Grade Dilute Acid
the paper in a crucible tongs and dip half of it
~-17.2.2.1 Preliminary test into the solution. Dry gently over a flame and
repeat until all of the solution is absorbed. Dry
Take 100 ml of the material, dilute with water the paper and ignite to redness in a moderate
to 150 ml and proceed exactly in the same Bunsen flame ( 8 to 10 cm high with good air
manner as described under A-17.2.1.1. mixture ). Momentarily shut off the gas and
then turn it on again so that the stream of
A-17.2.2.2 Actual rest unignited gas plays on the hot asbestos paper,
held vertically. The limit prescribed in 4.3.2.2
a) If the arsenic content ( as As ) has been
(b) shall be taken as not having been exceeded
found to be not greater than O*OOO004
if there is no glowing of the paper.
precent by mass, antimony may be deter-
mined without first removing arsenic. Tn
this case, take exact1.y 100 g of the material A-18.2.2 For Battery Grade Dilute Acid
and proceed exactly In the manner describ-
ed under A-17.2.1.2 (a) but using 1.5 ml of Take 50 ml of the material and carry out the
standard antimony solution in the control test in exactly the same manner as described
test. under A-18.2.1.

13
.
L._,.___ E,,~
. _../.,,
^.,._
-xL--
-

IS 266 : 1993

ANNEX B
( Clause 6.1 )

SAMPLING OF SULPHURIC ACID

B-l GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF The representative samples so drawn shall

SAMPLING constitute individual test samples.
B-1.0 In drawing samples, the following precau- Table 2 Number of Containers to be Selected
tions and directions shall be observed. for Sampling
B-l.1 Precautions shall be taken to protect the ( Clause B-2.2 )
samples, the material being sampled, the
sampling instrument and the containers for
No. of Containers to be Lot Size
samples from adventitious contamination. Selected
B-l.2 To draw a representative sample, the n N
contents of each container shall be mixed (1) (2)
thoroughly by rolling, shaking or stirring by
suitable means and with necessary caution. up te 1s 2
16 ,, 25 3
B-l.3 The samples shall be placed in suitable, 26,, 50 4
clean, dry and air-tight glass containers confor- 51 ,, 100
ming to IS 1388 : 1959. 101 ,, 300 6
B-l.4 Each sample container shall be sealed 301 ,, 500 7
air-tight after filling and shall be marked with 501 ), 800 8
full details of sampling, the date of sampling 801 ,, 1 000 Y
and the year of manufacture of the material. 1 001 and above 10
B-2 SCALE OF SAMPLING
B-2.1 Lot -
All the containers in a single consignment of _..-
the same grade drawn from a single batch of
manufacture shall constitute a lot. If a consign-
ment is declared to consist of different batches
of manufacture, the. batches shall be marked
separately and the groups of containers in each
batch shall constitute separate lots.
a 3
B-2.2 Samples shall be tested from each lot
separately for judging the conformity of the 9 20 TOL3
material to the requirements of the specifica- i
tion. The number of containers to be selected
from the lots of different sizes shall be in 350
TO
accordance with Table 2. 750
B.2.3 The containers shall be selected at
random from the lot. In order to ensure the
randomness of selection, procedure given in
IS 4905 : 1968 may be followed.

B-3 PROCEDURE
B-3.1 Carboys, Drams, Jars and Bottles
For drawing respresentative samples from these
containers, agitate the material well by rolling
or by stirring with a glass rod. Draw the L
required quantity of the material with the glass
sampling instrument shown in Fig. 3 and
transfer it to a clean receptacle. This quantity
shall be sufficient to make triplicate determina- All dimensions III millimetres.
tions for all the characteristics given in Table I. FIG. 3 SAMPLIKG INSTRUMENT

14
 IS 266 : 1993

~-3.1.1 A composite sample shall be prepared the acid. These shall be placed in clean, dry,
by mixing thoroughly a small but approximately glass-stoppered bottles and closed tightly, sealed
equal quantity from each of these individual and labelled with all the particulars of sampling.
samples. The quantity of material for the
composite sample shall be as given in B-4.1 B-4.3 The supplier shall retain one set of sealed
and B-4.2. samples and deliver one set to the purchaser or
his agent, if so required.
R-3.2 Tanlr Wagons
B-4.4 The third set of test samples, bearing the
While loading tank cars, sam les shall be drawn seals of the purchaser and the supplier, shall
at the discharge pipe where t Re material enters constitute the referee sample to be used in case
the tank car. The composite sample of not less of dispute between the purchaser and the
than 25 litres drawn from each wagon shall supplier.
consist of small portions of not more than
500 ml each, taken at regular intervals during B-5 NUMBER OF TESTS AND CRlTERlA
the period of filling. When samples are drawn FOR CONFORMITY
at the purchaser’s end, equal size samples of
not less than one litre each shall be taken at B-5.1 Total acidity shall be tested on each of
10 cm depth intervals and a composite sample the individual samples.
shall be prepared by mixing these in a
receptacle. B-5.2 The remaining characteristics given in
Table 1 shall be tested on the composite
B-4 TEST SAMPLES AND REFEREE sample.
SAMPLE
B-5.3 The lot shall be considered to have met
B-4.1 In case of sulphuric acid of battery grade, the requirements of total acidity if each of the
three sets of test samples of 600 ml each shall test results on the individual sample meets the
be obtained from the composite sample of each corresponding requirements given in Table I.
selected container after thorough agitation of
the acid. These shall be placed in clean, dry, B-5.4 The lot shall be considered to have met
glass-stoppered bottles, closed tightly, sealed the remaining requirements given in Table 1 if
and labelled with all the particulars of each of the test results on the composite
sampling. samples Latisfies the corresponding requirements
given in Table 1.
B-4.2 In case of other grades of sulphuric acid,
. three sets of test samples of 250 ml each shall B-5.5 The lot shall be declared as conforming
be obtained from the composite sample of each to the
_-_ requirements
_ .- of_ this specification if B-5.3
selected container after thorough agitation of and B-5.4 are satisfied.
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau ofhdian Siandards Act, 1986 to promcte harmonious
development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without
the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. CHD 002 ( 0 109 ).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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 AMENDMENT N().
1 FEBRUARY 2003
TO
IS 266:1993 SULPHURIC ACID — SPECIFICATION
(Third Revision )

( /’a,qc 1, C/C~USC
2.] ) — lnser( the following at the appropriate place:

“IS 7017 : 1973 Test method for c(dorimetric determination of traces of heavy
metals by dithizone’,
I Pt[qc 2, S1 No, Table 1. (ii). {iii) and (v) ] — Substitute the following for
the ex]s[inz:
SI (’lxw+cteristic Requirement Mdlxt(f
No. T@(lMto
...—*. C&et%
,— \ in.hm A)
Technical BaItcry Grade Chemic- Analytical
Grade ally Pure Reagent
Concentrated Dilute Grade
Grade
11) Residue on 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.002 A-3
i:nil ion. percenL
hy mass. ktm
ill) Iron (as Fe). 0.01 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.00005 A-4
Pcrccw by mass,
M(Lt

v) Hwy metals 0.005 — — 0.002 0.00 I A-61

(as lead), 1s 7017
pcrcerrt by
moss, Max
( Page 3, clause 5.1.5, seconcf sentence ) — Substitute the following for the
existing:
‘These shall be placed in an upright position on one layer of sand or ashes free
from cinders, or chalk, or dry earth and the empty surrounding-space shall also
be filled with the same material to prevent movement or they may be packed in
thermocol packing ( up to 2.5 Iitres ).’

( P~/xe 3, clause 5.1.6) — Substitute the following for the existing:

‘5.1.6 [n case of dilute sulphuric acid of relative density not more than 1.216,
certified in writing by the consignor, the inside packing of the case may be straw
or gr;iss or wood shavings or the packing may be thermocol and the mass of each
c:ise shul I not exceed 130 kg.’
1
Amend No. 1 to IS 266:1993

( Page 7, cIIzuJ,’.) A-6, A-6.O a)d A-6.1 ) – Sul~stitute the Iollowing” I’(N
the existing:
A-6 DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METAL (AS LEAD)

A-6.O GENERAL
Two methods have been specified for determination of lead. Method A (.~ee
IS 7017: 1973) and Method B. However in case of dispute method A shall be
the referee method.
A-6.1 Method B
Evaporate 11 cc acid to dryness, Add 2 ml dilute hydrochloric acid and 18 ml
water. Warm to facilitate dissolution. To this add 30 ml water and 10 ml dilute
ammonia solution ( 5N ). Pass hydrogen sulphide gas to the solution for a few
seconds. The colour of the solution thus obtained is compared with a solution
containing 2 ml standard lead solution ( 1 ml = 0.01 m: Pb) and 3 ml dilute acetic
acid (5 N). Add 10 ml of dilute ammonia solution and made up to 50 m} volume
with water through which hydrogen sulphide gas is passed for few seconds. The
material shall deemed to have passed the test if the colour of the sample solution
is Iighter than standard solution.
( Page 9, clause A-7.1 ) — Substitute the following for the existing:
‘A-7.1 Procedure
To 22 ml acid add 1 ml of nitric acid and evaporate to 10 ml. Add to the cooled
residue cautiously 25 ml of water and again evaporate until white fumes appear.
Add to the cooled residue 50 ml of water, 0.2 ml of stannous chloride solution
(1.5 M) and test as per IS 2088 by silver diethyl dithiocarbamate method.’
( Page 9, clause A-8.2) — Substitute the following for the existing:
‘A-8.2 Procedure
Take a known volume of the material (say 10 to 20 ml) in a 250-ml conical flask
and dilute the acid with 5 times its volume of water with continuous cooling in
ice. Titrate the solution against standard potassium permanganate to a iight,
permanent pink colour end point.’

(CHD1)
Reprography Unit. 131S,New Ilelhi, India
2