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Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

1. Inverse hyperbolic functions are defined similarly to inverse trigonometric functions, but have restrictions on their domains based on the definitions of the corresponding hyperbolic functions. 2. Hyperbolic functions follow many but not all of the same identities as trigonometric functions. They also have relationships to trigonometric functions through Osborn's rule which allows deriving hyperbolic identities from trigonometric ones. 3. The derivatives of hyperbolic functions and their inverses can be found using properties of hyperbolic functions similarly to how derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions are obtained.

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692 views5 pages

Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

1. Inverse hyperbolic functions are defined similarly to inverse trigonometric functions, but have restrictions on their domains based on the definitions of the corresponding hyperbolic functions. 2. Hyperbolic functions follow many but not all of the same identities as trigonometric functions. They also have relationships to trigonometric functions through Osborn's rule which allows deriving hyperbolic identities from trigonometric ones. 3. The derivatives of hyperbolic functions and their inverses can be found using properties of hyperbolic functions similarly to how derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions are obtained.

Uploaded by

Faizal Romadhi
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1M2 Course Notes §2 Hyperbolic functions

Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

Written sinh−1 , cosh−1 , tanh−1 etc. For example, if u = cosh x


then x = cosh−1 u. Note that if u = cosh x then u ≥ 1, so it follows that
cosh−1 u is only defined if u ≥ 1.
Example y = sinh x = 1.475; what is x?
By definition x = sinh−1 (1.475)
ex − e−x
= 1.475 (1)
2

The same procedure for inverse hyperbolic cosine gives 2 possible val-
ues (cosh−1 is not single valued because cosh(−x) = cosh x). You should
check this yourself.
General forms
Application of the same procedure as above for arbitrary y gives:
p
sinh−1 y = ln(y + y2 + 1) (2)
(3)
p p
cosh−1 y = ± ln(y + y2 − 1) = ln(y ± y2 − 1) (4)
· ¸ (5)
1 1 + y
tanh−1 y = ln (6)
2 1−y

3.1 February 6, 2009


1M2 Course Notes §2 Hyperbolic functions

Hyperbolic Identities
Hyperbolic functions have identities similar to the corresponding trig. iden-
tities, but not always the same. For example:
cosh2 x − sinh2 x = 1 (7)
instead of cos2 x + sin2 x = 1. And
sech2 x = 1 − tanh2 x (8)
instead of sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x. And
sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x (9)
like sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x, but
cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x (10)
instead of cos 2x = cos2 x − sin2 x.
Osborn’s Rule

Hyperbolic and trigonometric functions are related in the following way:


sin ix = i sinh x
cos ix = cosh x.
This allows us to derive identities for hyperbolic functions from the corre-
sponding identities for trigonometric functions.
Consider for example the trigonometric identity
cos 2x = cos2 x − sin2 x.
To derive the corresponding hyperbolic identity we substitute x = iz and
obtain

3.2 February 6, 2009


1M2 Course Notes §2 Hyperbolic functions

This procedure of obtaining hyperbolic from trigonometric identities is


summarized as Osborne’s rule:
1. Change trig. functions to corresponding hyperbolic functions
2. Reverse the sign (+/−) of terms containing a product of 2 of sinh, tanh,
coth or cosech (e.g. sinh2 x, sinh x tanh x, sinh3 x, etc.).

Derivatives of hyperbolic functions and their inverses

Hyperbolic functions
µ ¶
d d ex − e−x ex + e−x
sinh x = = = cosh x
dx dx 2 2
Similarly:
d d
cosh x = sinh x, and tanh x = sech2 x. (11)
dx dx

3.3 February 6, 2009


1M2 Course Notes §2 Hyperbolic functions

Inverse hyperbolic functions

For example, if y = sinh−1 u what is dy/du?

We now want
p cosh y in terms
√ of u. Using cosh2 y − sinh2 y = 1,
cosh y = 1 + sinh2 y = 1 + u2 . This gives us:
d 1
(sinh−1 u) = √ (12)
du 1 + u2
Using similar methods, we find that the derivative of inverse hyperbolic
cosine depends on whether it is positive or negative, and is undefined for
cosh−1 u = 0:
d 1
(cosh−1 u) = √ (cosh−1 u > 0) (13)
du 2
u −1
d −1
(cosh−1 u) = √ (cosh−1 u < 0). (14)
du 2
u −1
That there are two possible values should not be surprising: after all cosh−1 (u)
has 2 values for each u > 1.
Note that we have learned two new integrals from this:

Z Z
1 −1 1
√ du = sinh u +C, √ du = cosh−1 u +C,
u2 + 1 u2 − 1

3.4 February 6, 2009


1M2 Course Notes §2 Hyperbolic functions

Hyperbolic vs. Circular functions

Why are they called hyperbolic functions?


If x = cos θ and y = sin θ, then as θ varies this point sweeps out a circle
(since x2 + y2 = cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1). For this reason cosine and sine are
often called circular functions.
If on the other hand, we put x = cosh θ and y = sinh θ, then as θ varies
the point sweeps out one branch of the hyperbola x2 − y2 = 1 So these are
called hyperbolic functions.

3.5 February 6, 2009

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