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Malayalam PDF

The document provides a table summarizing the vowels, diphthongs, and consonants of the Malayalam script. It includes their transliterations and notes on pronunciation rules. Specifically, it lists the 14 vowels and vowel combinations, along with 21 consonants grouped by manner of articulation. Notes explain details like implicit vowels, conjunct consonants, and anusvāra transliteration variations based on preceding consonant.

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413 views2 pages

Malayalam PDF

The document provides a table summarizing the vowels, diphthongs, and consonants of the Malayalam script. It includes their transliterations and notes on pronunciation rules. Specifically, it lists the 14 vowels and vowel combinations, along with 21 consonants grouped by manner of articulation. Notes explain details like implicit vowels, conjunct consonants, and anusvāra transliteration variations based on preceding consonant.

Uploaded by

andrews paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Malayalam

Vowels and Diphthongs (see Note 1)

അ a ൠ
ആ ā ഌ
് a (see Note 2) എ e
ഇ i ഏ ē
ഈ ī ഐ ai
ഉ u ഒ o
ഊ ū ഓ ō
ഋ ഔ au

Consonants (see Note 3)

Gutturals Palatals Cerebrals Dentals

ക ka ച ca ട ṭa ത ta
ഖ kha ഛ cha ഠ ṭha ഥ tha
ഗ ga ജ ja ഡ ḍa ദ da
ഘ gha ഝ jha ഢ ḍha ധ dha
ങ ṅa ഞ ña ണ ṇa ന na

Labials Semivowels Sibilants Aspirate

പ pa യ ya ശ śa ഹ ha
ഫ pha ര ra ഷ ṣa
ബ ba റ ra സ sa
ഭ bha ററ tta (see Note 4)
മ ma ല la
ള ḷa
ഴ la
വ va

Anusvāra (see Note 5) Visarga Avagraha

ം ṃ ഃ ḥ ഽ ’ (apostrophe)
Notes

1. Only the vowel forms that appear at the beginning of a syllable are listed; the forms used for
vowels following a consonant can be found in grammars; no distinction between the two is
made in transliteration.

2. When ് is used in combination with the vowel u (ഉ), the combination is also transliterated a.

3. The vowel a is implicit after all consonants and consonant clusters and is supplied in
transliteration, with the following exceptions:
a) when another vowel is indicated by its appropriate sign;
b) when the absence of any vowel is indicated by the superscript sign ് (also used for the
vowel a); and
c) when the following modified consonantal forms are used:

ൿ k ൻ n ൾ ḷ
ൺ ṇ ൽ l ർ r

4. When റ റ appears as a subscript in a cluster, it is transliterated ta.

5. Exception: Anusvāra is transliterated by:


a) ṅ before gutturals,
b) ñ before palatals,
c) ṇ before cerebrals,
d) n before dentals, and
e) m before labials.

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