GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.
00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
Design of Concrete Slab Bridge
1.0 Design Data
1.10 General
Project- GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT
Client - ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY
Clear Span(m)- 10 m
Skew Angle(Degree)- 0
Consultant -Core Consulting engineers
Designed By-
Case -Statical calculation
Span C/C Support= 10.415 m
Clear Bridge Width= 7.3 m
Number Of Lanes= 2
Optional
Face of railing to End of span= 0.4 m
Multiple presence Factor = 1
Rear Axle Load= 145 KN
P= 72.5 KN
Lane Load in the Transverse Direction= 9.3 KN/m2
Design Tandum Axle Load= 110 KN
Wearing Surface= 1.1 KN/m2
1.20 Material Property
Type Of Concrete: C-25
f'c= 25 Mpa
fc= 10 Mpa
Density of Concrete γc= 24 KN/m3
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 1
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
Ec=0.043*γc*SQRT(fc)
25278.7341 Mpa
Reinforcement:
Diam>=20mm fy= 400 Mpa
fs= 160 Mpa
Diam<20mm fy= 276 Mpa
fs= 138 Mpa
Es= 200000 Mpa
Modular Ratio,n=Es/Ec= 7.91
Take n= Use the
8 Nearest Integer
1.30 Load and Resistance Factors
moment=φ 0.9
shear=φ 0.85
Dead Load limit state factor= 1.25
Live Load Limit state facctor= 1.75
Dead Load Service Limit State factor= 1.00
Live load service limit state factor= 1.30
Fatigue Live Load Factor= 0.75
1.40 Dyanmic impact allowance
Fatigue and Fracture 15 %
All other Limit state 33 %
Specifcation Used -ERA Bridge Design Manual 2002/AASHTO LRFD BridgeDesign Spec.1998
Design Method : Load and Resistance Factor Method(LRFD)
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 2
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
2.0 Loading
Depth determination
Minimum recommended depth for slab=D=1.2*(S+3000)/30 536.6 mm
C/C of span 10.415 m Use D= 550 mm
S is span = min
or d=D-cover-Φ/2= 510 mm
Clear span+d 10.509 m
span= 10.415 mm
1.0 Live Load strips
a)Interior strip
i) One Lane Loaded
E=250+0.42*√L1W1= 4107.64 mm Art.4.6.2.3
L1=min 10415 mm
then L1= 10415 mm
18000 mm
W1=min 8100 mm
then L1= 8100 mm
9000 mm
ii) Two Lane Loaded
W1=min 8100 mm 8100 mm
E=2100+0.12*√W1L1<=W/NL
18000 mm Art.4.6.2.3
= 3202.182 < 4050
NL= number of lanes=int(clear roadway/3600)
= 2
Use E=min(onelane,two lane)= 3202.18 mm
Distributed loads
Truck=P/E=145/E= 45.28 KN/m P/E=35/E= 10.93 KN/m
Tandem=P/E=110/E= 34.35 KN/m
Lane=W/E= 2.90 KN/m
b) Edge strip
distance between edge to face of barrier+300+1/2*strip width= 2301.1 mm
E= min
1800 mm Art.4.6.2.3
E= 1800.0 mm
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 3
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
1.1 Shear and moment due to Track Loading
Influence Line for maximum Bending moments
XY/L
X Y
4.3 4.3 laod case 1
4.3 4.3 Load case 2
Case 1
M(x)=72.5XY/L+72.5X(Y-4.3)/L+17.5x(Y-8.6)/L
M(x)=72.5XY/L*(2.24-6.38/Y)
M(X)=P*C1 P= 72.5
C1=XY/L*(2.24-6.38/Y)
Case2
M(X)=72.5XY/L+72.5Y/L*(X-4.3)
M(X)=72.5XY/L(2.24-4.3/X-1.038/Y)
M(x)=P*C2 P=72.50
C2=XY/L(2.24-4.3/X-1.038/Y)
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 4
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
Influence Line For maximum shear force
Y/L
-X/L
X Y
4.3 4.3
v(x)=72.5Y/L+72.5*(Y-4.30)/L+17.5*(Y-8.6)/L
V(x)=72.5Y/L(2.24-6.38/Y)
V(x)=P*C3 P=72.50
C3=Y/L(2.24-6.38/Y)
1.2 Shear and Moment Due to Tandum Loading
IL for Bending Moment
XY/L
X Y
Load case 1
1.2
M(x)=55*XY/L+55X*(Y-1.2)/L
M(X)=55*XY/L(2-1.2/Y)
M(x)=P*C4 P=72.50
C4=55/72.50XY/L(2-1.2/Y)
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 5
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
IL for Shear
Y/L
-X/L
X Y
1.2
V(x)=55*Y/L+55*(Y-1.2/Y)
V(X)=55*Y/L(*(2-1.2/Y)
V(x)=P*C5 P=72.50
C5=55/72.5*Y/L*(2-1.2/Y)
Comparison shall be made between track loading and tandem loading to determine the design
Moment and shear due to live load.
Coefficients for Bending moment
C1=XY/L*(2.24-6.38/Y) Track load case 1
C2=XY/L(2.24-4.3/X-1.038/Y) Track load case 2
C4=XY/L(2-1.2/Y) Tandum Axle load
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 6
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
Coeficients for shear
C3=Y/L(2.24-6.38/Y) Track Loading
C5=Y/L*(2-1.2/Y) Tandum Loading
X/L X Y C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 CmaxM CmaxV
0.000 0.000 10.415 0.00 0 1.63 0.00 1.43 0.00 1.63
0.050 0.521 9.894 0.79 0 1.52 0.93 1.35 0.93 1.52
0.100 1.042 9.374 1.46 0 1.40 1.75 1.28 1.75 1.40
0.150 1.562 8.853 2.02 0 1.29 2.48 1.20 2.48 1.29
0.200 2.083 8.332 2.46 0.085 1.18 3.09 1.13 3.09 1.18
0.250 2.604 7.811 2.78 0.890 1.07 3.61 1.05 3.61 1.07
0.300 3.125 7.291 2.99 1.578 0.96 4.01 0.97 4.01 0.97
0.350 3.645 6.770 3.07 2.149 0.84 4.32 0.90 4.32 0.90
0.400 4.166 6.249 3.05 2.604 0.73 4.52 0.82 4.52 0.82
0.450 4.687 5.728 2.90 2.942 0.62 4.62 0.75 4.62 0.75
0.500 5.208 5.208 2.64 3.163 0.51 4.61 0.67 4.61 0.67
Interior strip
X CmaxM CmaxV MLL+IM_in. VLL+IM_in
0.000 0.000 1.627 0.000 74.353
0.521 0.929 1.515 42.463 69.236
1.042 1.755 1.403 80.168 64.119
1.562 2.476 1.291 113.114 59.002
2.083 3.093 1.179 141.303 53.885
2.604 3.606 1.067 164.732 48.768
3.125 4.014 0.975 183.404 44.530
3.645 4.319 0.899 197.317 41.064
4.166 4.519 0.823 206.471 37.598
4.687 4.615 0.747 210.868 34.132
5.208 4.608 0.671 210.506 30.666
Because strip width is limited to 1800mm, one lane loaded (wheel line =1/2 Laneload)
with multiple presence factor of 1.2 will be critical.
Medge=0.5*M_int*1.2*Int_stripwidth/1.8
Vedge=0.5*Vint*Int_widht*1.2/1.8
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 7
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
Edge strip
X CmaxM CmaxV MLL+IM_Edge. VLL+IM edge
0.000 0.000 1.627 0.000 158.73
0.521 0.929 1.515 90.650 147.80
1.042 1.755 1.403 171.142 136.88
1.562 2.476 1.291 241.475 125.96
2.083 3.093 1.179 301.651 115.03
2.604 3.606 1.067 351.669 104.11
3.125 4.014 0.975 391.528 95.06
3.645 4.319 0.899 421.229 87.66
4.166 4.519 0.823 440.773 80.26
4.687 4.615 0.747 450.158 72.86
5.208 4.608 0.671 449.385 65.47
1.3 Shear and moment due to lane loading
W= 2.904 KN/m
Interior Ra=Rb= 15.12 KN Edge
X M_in V_in X M_edge V_edge
0.000 0.00 15.12 0.000 0.00 32.29
0.521 7.48 13.61 0.521 15.97 29.06
1.042 14.18 12.10 1.042 30.26 25.83
1.562 20.08 10.59 1.562 42.87 22.60
2.083 25.20 9.07 2.083 53.80 19.37
2.604 29.53 7.56 2.604 63.05 16.14
3.125 33.08 6.05 3.125 70.62 12.91
3.645 35.83 4.54 3.645 76.50 9.69
4.166 37.80 3.02 4.166 80.70 6.46
4.687 38.99 1.51 4.687 83.23 3.23
5.208 39.38 0.00 5.208 84.07 0.00
Summary of Live Load design responses
Bending Moment:
Interior strip= 250.25 KNm/m
Edge strip= 534.22 KNm/m
Shear Interior strip= 89.48 KN/m
Edge strip= 191.01 KN/m
2.0 Dead Load
concrete:
Width= 1000 mm W= 14.16 KN/m
Depth = 590.05 mm Railing = 1.92 KN/m
Wearing surface Post= 0.78 KN/m
W_DW= 1.1 KN/m2 W_DWedge= 1.54 KN/m
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 8
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
Bending Moment and shear
W= 14.161 KN/m W= 16.859 KN/m
Interior Edge
Wc Ra=Rb= 73.74 KN WDc Ra=Rb= 87.79 KN
Wdw Ra=Rb= 5.73 KN WDW Ra=Rb= 8.02 KN
X M_DC V_DC M_DW V_DW X M_DC V_DC M_DW V_DW
0.000 0.00 73.74 0.00 5.728 0.000 0.00 87.79 0.00 8.020
0.521 36.48 66.37 2.83 5.155 0.521 43.43 79.01 3.97 7.218
1.042 69.12 59.00 5.37 4.583 1.042 82.29 70.23 7.52 6.416
1.562 97.93 51.62 7.61 4.010 1.562 116.58 61.45 10.65 5.614
2.083 122.89 44.25 9.55 3.437 2.083 146.30 52.68 13.36 4.812
2.604 144.01 36.87 11.19 2.864 2.604 171.44 43.90 15.66 4.010
3.125 161.29 29.50 12.53 2.291 3.125 192.02 35.12 17.54 3.208
3.645 174.73 22.12 13.57 1.718 3.645 208.02 26.34 19.00 2.406
4.166 184.33 14.75 14.32 1.146 4.166 219.45 17.56 20.05 1.604
4.687 190.09 7.37 14.77 0.573 4.687 226.30 8.78 20.67 0.802
5.208 192.01 0.00 14.91 0.000 5.208 228.59 0.00 20.88 0.000
Summary of Dead and Live load at service Summary of factored Dead and Live load
X Mtotal_in Mtoal_edge X Mtotal_in Mtoal_edge
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.521 89.261 154.022 0.521 137.258 246.831
1.042 168.838 291.215 1.042 259.562 466.601
1.562 238.731 411.580 1.562 366.914 659.311
2.083 298.939 515.115 2.083 459.312 824.961
2.604 349.462 601.822 2.604 536.757 963.551
3.125 390.301 671.700 3.125 599.249 1075.081
3.645 421.455 724.749 3.645 646.788 1159.551
4.166 442.925 760.969 4.166 679.374 1216.960
4.687 454.711 780.360 4.687 697.006 1247.309
5.208 456.812 782.922 5.208 699.686 1250.599
MOMENT(KNM/M)
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM AT SERVICE LOAD EDGE STRIP
INTERIOR STRIP
900.000
800.000
700.000
600.000
500.000
400.000
300.000
200.000
100.000
0.000
0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000
SPAN(m)
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 9
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
MOMENT(KNM/M) EDGE STRIP
FACTORED BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM INTERIOR
STRIP
1400.000
1200.000
1000.000
800.000
600.000
400.000
200.000
0.000
0.000 1.000 2.000 SPAN(m)
3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 10
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
3.0 Service Limit state
1.0 Durablity
Cover for main reinforcement steel for
- deck surface subjected to tire wear=60mm
-bottom of cast in-place slab=25mm
η= 1.0
a) Interior Strip
M=ηΣγQi= 1.0(Mdc+1.0Mdw+1.0MLL+IM)
M= 456.81 KNm
Φ 30 bars
Trail Reinfocement as= 706.9 mm^2
As=M/(jfsd)
Assume j= 0.875
fs=0.6fy= 240 Mpa
As= 4265.28 mm^2/m
Spacing= 165.7 mm
Use diam 30 bar C/C 160mm
b) Edge Strip
Medge= 782.92 KNm
Φ 30 bars
Trail Reinfocement as= 706.9 mm^2
As=M/(jfsd)
Assume j= 0.875
fs=0.6fy= 240 Mpa
As= 7310.20 mm^2/m
Spacing= 96.7 mm
Use diam 30 bar C/C 90mm
4.0 Control of Crack
Structure componets should be proportioned that
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 11
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
the tensile stress in the reinforcement steel fs should not
be less than fsa
fs<fsa, where fsa=z/(dcA)1/3<0.6fy
Z= crack width parameter(N/mm)=23000N/mm for sevre exposure
dc= depth of conceret from extreme fiber to centre of the bar loacted closest to there to.
dc=< 50mm
A= is area of concrete having the same centriod as the pricnicpal tensile reinforcement and bounded by
the surfaces of the crossection and line parallel to the the neuatral axis divided by the number of bars(mm2),
clear cover <=50mm
Check wheather the section at service load has cracked or not against 0.8fr
fr=the rupture stress=0.63√f'c 3.15 Mpa
a) Interior strip
Mu= 456.81 KNm/m
fctm=M/(1/6bh2) 9.06 Mpa
0.8fr= 2.52 Mpa
fctm>0.8fr section has cracked
Since the section has cracked use the transofrmed area of the steel.
Determine x from the equilibrimum of moment areas
nAs*(d-x)=1/2*1000*X2 n= 7.912
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 12
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
X= 152.7277 mm 152.7276634 393646
Now the cracked moment of inertai,Ic= 5.495E+09 mm2
Steel Stress is then,fs/n=M(d-x)/Icr= 29.70 Mpa
fs= 234.99 Mpa
fsa=z/(dcA)1/3<0.6fy
Z= 23000 N/mm dc= 41 mm
Ac=2dc*S/n= 13120 mm2
n= number of bars s= spacing
fsa= 282.806 Mpa >0.6fy= 240 Mpa
fs= 234.99 Mpa < fsa=240 Mpa OK
B) Edge strip
Mu= 782.92 KNm/m
fctm=M/(1/6bh2) 15.53 Mpa
0.8fr= 2.52 Mpa
fctm>0.8fr section has cracked
Determine x from the equilibrimum of moment areas
nAs*(d-x)=1/2*1000*X2 n= 7.912
X= 191.8 mm 191.8 0
Now the cracked moment of inertai,Ic= 8.208E+09 mm2
Steel Stress is then,fs/n=M(d-x)/Icr= 30.35 Mpa
fs= 240.11 Mpa
fsa=z/(dcA)1/3<0.6fy
Z= 23000 N/mm dc= 41 mm
Ac=2dc*S/n= 13120 mm2
n= number of bars s= spacing
fsa= 282.806 Mpa >0.6fy= 240 Mpa
fs= 240.11 Mpa > fsa revise As
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 13
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
5.0 Fatigue Stress
Fatigue Load shall be one design truck with 9000mm axle spaciing.
For maximum moment the two front axle shall be on the bridge.
CL of Bridge 0.418 m
RESULTANT
145KN
35KN
10.415 mm
fatgue load factor= 0.75 IM= 15 %
U=0.75(LL+IM)
a) Tensile Strees due to live load
One Lane Loaded E= 4107.64 mm
MLL+IM= 371.781 KNm
= 90.51 KNm/m
fs/n= 5.88
fs= 46.56 Mpa
b) Stress in reinforcing bar
The range between the maximum and the minimum stress in striagth reinforcement caused by the live load
plus impact shall not exceed,
ff=145-0.33fmin+55(r/h) r/h= 0.30
fmin= 0.0 Mpa
ff= 161.5 Mpa
46.56 Mpa < 161.5 Mpa
SAFE: THE STRESS IS WITHIN RANGE
6.0 Defelection and camber
Total dead load of bridge is considered in the design:
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 14
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
Wdc+Wdw= 120.35 KN/m
Mdl=WDLL2/8= 1631.77 KNm
Using the Ig,ΔDL=5*WDLL4/384EcIe, for defelcetion at centre of a simply supported beam
Ie=(Mcr/Ma)3Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)3)Icr
Mcr= cracking moment=fr*Ig/yt
Ma= actual moment (Nmm)
fr=modulus of rupture
Yt=distance from neutral axis to the extreme tension fiber(mm)
fr= 2.520 Mpa
yt= 275 mm
Ig= 1.123E+11 mm4
Mcr= 1029.11 KNm < MDL Section has cracked
Icr= 4.451E+10 mm4
Ie= 6.151E+10 mm4
ΔDL=(5*WDLL4/384EcIe)= 11.9 mm
Longterm deflection for As'=0, 3.0-As'/As=3.0
Longterm defelection is =3*Immediate= 36 mm
Provide a 3 cm camber at the centre
By using Ig,with longterm deflection factor of 4.0
ΔDL= 6.5 mm
Longterm deflection=4*Immediate= 26 mm
Lesser than the value based on Ie
Live Load defelection limitation
Δ(LL+IM)_allowable=Span/800= 13.02 mm Art.3.6.1.3.2
the design truck alone
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 15
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
Live load deflection is max
25% design truck +design lane load
NL= 2
m= 1.0
P= IM*(145KN)*m*NL= 385.7 KN
Design Truck
CL OF BRIDGE
385.7
385.7
93
1.636
0.728 m
10.415
M_CL= 1187.63 KNm
MDC+DW+LL+IM= 2819.40 KNm
Ie= 8.3E+10
EcIe= 2.1E+15 Nmm^2
For single concentrated load on a simply supported beam the deflection is given by
Δx(x<a)= (Pbx/6EIL)*(L^2-a^2-b^2)
For the first Load , P= 385.7 KN
a= 8779.500 mm
b= 1635.500 mm
x= 4479.500 mm
Δx= 1.84 mm
For the SecondLoad , P= 385.7 KN
a= 4479.500 mm
b= 5935.500 mm
x= 4479.500 mm
Δx= 4.14 mm
For the third Load , P= 93 KN
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 16
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
a= 179.500 mm
b= 10235.500 mm
x= 4479.500 mm
Δx= 0.119 mm
Total deflection= 6.1 mm < 13.02mm OK!
Design Lane
W= 1.33*1.0*NL**Lane load= 24.738 KN/m
M=(1/8)wL^2= 335.4 KNm
Δlane= 1.80 mm
25% of lane= 1.53 mm
Total= 3.32 mm
Tandem at the centre
P=220*NL*m*1.33= 585.2 KN
For a single concentrate load at the centre of span
Δ= PL^3/48EIe= 6.54 mm
The live load defelcetion estimated is less that the allowable value
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 17
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
7.0 Design for Strength I Limit state
7.10 Design for BM
Edge Strip
Mu= 1250.60 KN/m
Vu= 456.05 KN
a) Edge Strip
M u= 1250.60 KNm/m
Maximum reinforcement is limited by ductility requirement, which is given by
a/d=< 0.42 a=<0.42βd β= 0.85 for f'c<=28 Mpa
Art.5.7.2.2
Φ= 0.9 Flexure
then a= 0.357 d
Mu=0.85Φf'c*a*b*(d-a/2)= 0.2244 f'cbd2
b= 1000.0 mm
d=√(Mu/(0.2244f'cb)= 0.47 mm
cover= 25 mm as= 706.858347
dprovided= 510 mm
Bar diam= 30 mm
Depth is Aduquate
fyd= 400 Mpa
Reinforcement
a=Asfy/0.85f'cb
a=As/53.12
a= 87.72 8.1E+00
ρ=Mu/(Φfybd(d-a/2)= 0.014613 Greater than ρmin
ρmin=0.03f'c/fy= 0.001875
As=ρbd= 7452.4 mm2
Spacing= 90.9 mm
Number of bars per meter width= 10.543 psc
use 11 bars
Use Φ30 Bars C/C 90 mm
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 18
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
As required
Asprovided= 7775.44 mm 2
> 7452.4 mm2
Strength Limit state governs
b) Interior Strip
Mu= 699.69 KN/m
Vu= 257.36 KN
M u= 699.69 KNm/m
Maximum reinforcement is limited by ductility requirement, which is given by
a/d=< 0.42 a=<0.42βd β= 0.85 for f'c<=28 Mpa
Art.5.7.2.2
Φ= 0.9 Flexure
then a= 0.357 d
Mu=0.85Φf'c*a*b*(d-a/2)= 0.2244 f'cbd2
b= 1000.0 mm
d=√(Mu/(0.2244f'cb)= 0.35 mm
cover= 25 mm as= 706.86 mm2
dprovided= 510 mm
Bar diam= 30 mm
Depth is Aduquate
fyd= 400 Mpa
Reinforcement
a=Asfy/0.85f'cb
a=As/53.12
a= 77.73 3.736E+00
ρ=Mu/(Φfybd(d-a/2)= 0.008089 Greater than ρmin
ρmin=0.03f'c/fy= 0.001875
As=ρbd= 4125.3 mm2
Spacing= 171.3 mm
Number of bars per meter width= 5.8 psc
use 6 bars
Use Φ30 Bars C/C 160 mm
As required
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 19
GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE
Asprovided= 4241.15 mm2 > 4125.3 mm2
Use Φ30 bars C/C 160 mm
Strength Limit State governs
7.20 Design for Shear
Slab and slab bridges designed for moment in comformation
with Art.4.6.2.3 may be considered satisfactory for shear.
7.30 Distribution reinforcement
For longitudnal reinforced concrete construction Art.5.14.4.1
% of transvrese dist.reinf=1750/Sqrt(L)<=50%
% reinf.= 17.15 <50% L= Span Length(mm)
% reinf.= 727.3 mm2
Spacing= 276.4 mm
Use Φ 16 C/C 280mm on bottom of slab
7.40 Temprature and shrinkage Reinforcement
Transverse reinforcement on top of slab
As>=0.75Ag/fy= 1494.57 mm2/mm
Using Bar diam 16 as= 201.06 mm2
Spacing= 134.53 mm
Use diam 12 bars C/C 130mm
CORE CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLC 20
