Accurate of Digital Image Rotation Using Matlab

Abstract
Image rotation is one of main pre-processing steps for image processing or image pattern
recognition. This paper proposes a fast source code of MATLAB for rotating images while
preserving their quality. The new approach rotates images based on vertical or horizontal
lines in the original image and their rotated equation in the target image. It is implemented
with a rotation matrix multiplication. Therefore, there has been a need for a high speed
image rotation source code without two major time-consuming operations.
Keywords : High speed rotation operation, image rotation, transform matrix, image
processing.

I. Introduction
Recently, image pattern recognition technology has been applied in a number of ways in
various areas. The preprocessing step is essential in the technology. The rotation is one of
the major pre-processing methods. It is implemented with a rotation matrix multiplication,
easily. Highly accurate image rotation is essential for certain image processing tasks such
as feature extraction and matching. Furthermore, in many applications, especially real-
time systems, a high speed of rotation is important. However, it requires lots of floating
point arithmetic operations and trigonometric function calculations, so it takes long
execution time. Hence, it is necessary and advantageous to define a method that provides
both high accuracy and fast execution. Image rotation can be described as the movement
of an image around a fixed point.

II. Related Works

Conventional rotation transform could be described with a matrix multiplication form
which has two sine and two cosine functions in (1). Let a pixel P in a given image location
(x, y). New rotated pixel position of P, P’, could be calculated as (1). Then the pixel P’ is
obtained by rotating the pixel P in counter-clockwise angle θ (Fig. 1).

(1)
Fig.1

Determining the rotated point directly using a single function such as (1) is a one-pass
technique, whereas calculating the rotated point using multiple functions such as (2), (3),
and (4) is a multi-pass technique. Compared with multi-pass methods, one-pass methods
are simple and usually more accurate. However, although one-pass methods are accurate,
they are still inefficient because multiple high-level calculations and computations are
required. As presented in (1), four floating-point multiplications and two floating-point
additions are required to calculate each rotated pixel. For an image of many pixels, the
one-pass method can actually take longer than multi-pass methods.
1
 (2)

(3)

(4)

III. Purposed Source Code

To solve this problem a new recovery rotation source code is proposed here to prepare the
attacked image before performing extraction process. The source code is implemented to
be pluggable to the extraction component in any image. This source code is developed to
automatically detect, estimate and recover rotations for acute angles rotated scenes without
need to a reference image. This is due to the difficulty to estimate the acute rotations in
images accurately.
Here is the source code to make the image rotation program :
function varargout = Rotasi(varargin)

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @Rotasi_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @Rotasi_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before Rotasi is made visible.

function Rotasi_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to Rotasi (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for Rotasi

handles.output = hObject;

2
movegui(hObject,'center');
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes Rotasi wait for user response (see UIRESUME)

% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command

line.
function varargout = Rotasi_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata,
handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see
VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure

varargout{1} = handles.output;

function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text

% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of
edit1 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all

properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all
CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'),
get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end

% --- Executes on slider movement.

function slider1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

3
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine
range of slider
nilai_slider = get(handles.slider1,'Value');
handles.nilai_slider = round(nilai_slider);
set(handles.edit1,'String',handles.nilai_slider);
hasil =
imrotate(handles.data1,handles.arah*handles.nilai_slider,...
'bilinear','crop');
handles.hasil = hasil;
guidata(hObject,handles);
axes(handles.axes2);
imshow(hasil,[]);

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all

properties.
function slider1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all
CreateFcns called

% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.

if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'),
get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end

% --- Executes on button press in radiobutton1.

function radiobutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to radiobutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hint: get(hObject,'Value') returns toggle state of radiobutton1

set(handles.radiobutton2,'value',0);
arah = 1;
handles.arah = arah;
guidata(hObject,handles);

% --- Executes on button press in radiobutton2.

function radiobutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to radiobutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hint: get(hObject,'Value') returns toggle state of radiobutton2

set(handles.radiobutton1,'value',0);
arah = -1;
handles.arah = arah;
guidata(hObject,handles);

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.

4
 function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[nama_file,nama_path] =
uigetfile({'*.jpg';'*.bmp';'*.png';'*.tif'},...
'Buka Gambar');
if ~isequal(nama_file,0);
handles.data1 = imread(fullfile(nama_path,nama_file));
guidata(hObject,handles);
axes(handles.axes1);
imshow(handles.data1,[]);
axes(handles.axes2);
imshow(handles.data1,[]);
else
return
end

IV. Experiments And Analysis

To demonstrate the performance of the source code presented, the analysis and
experiments of time complexity were carried out by various image sizes: original image,
positive rotated image, and image in negative rotation.
The experimental results using MATLAB R2014a and Windows 8.1 Pro. From the source
code above, will show the application as below :

Fig. 2

After the image is uploaded, user must select the desired rotation direction. And sliding
the slider up to the slope of the desired image. The degree of rotation of the image can be
seen in the box degree of rotation description.

5
 Fig. a Fig. b

Fig. c

The image-rotation methods are evaluated based on two measures: accuracy and speed. A
high accuracy of image rotation is fundamental for follow-up processing such as feature
extraction and feature matching.
The first image is the original image which has not received rotation treatment (Fig.a),
samples with Bird, where in the images are directly rotated by 32 degrees in a negative
direction (Fig.b), samples with Bird, where in the images are directly rotated by 32
degrees in a positive direction (Fig.c)

V. Conclusion
In this paper, the rotation image correction source code is created, which is based on the
accuracy of the rotation degree of the image the user wants. First, the source code is
verified in MATLAB, and finally implemented in c ++, and applied to an image.
Compared with the conventional rotational correction, through the rotation angle obtained
by calculating the correlation coefficient, the source code in this paper greatly reduces the
time complexity, and increases the degree of rotational accuracy can be seen by
description box.

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6
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