Supply-Chain Operations Reference-Model: SCOR Version 7.0
Supply-Chain Operations Reference-Model: SCOR Version 7.0
Supply-Chain Operations Reference-Model: SCOR Version 7.0
Supply-Chain Operations
SOURCE
Reference-model
MAKE
DELIVER
RETURN
CONTENTS
What is a Process Reference Model?
Model Scope and Structure
Applying the Model
The Concept of Configurability
Configuring Supply-Chain Threads
Developing Process Maps
Summary
The Supply Chain Operations Reference-model (SCOR) has been developed and endorsed by the
Supply-Chain Council (SCC), an independent not-for-profit corporation, as the cross-industry stan-
dard for supply-chain management. The SCC was organized in 1996 by Pittiglio Rabin Todd &
McGrath (PRTM) and AMR Research, and initially included 69 voluntary member companies. Council
membership is now open to all companies and organizations interested in applying and advancing
state-of-the-art supply-chain management systems and practices.
All who use SCOR are encouraged to join the SCC, both to further model development and to obtain
the full benefits of membership. Further information regarding the Council and SCOR can be found
at the Council’s web site, www.supply-chain.org.
SCOR is a registered trademark in the United States and Europe © Copyright 2005 Supply-Chain Council
What Is a Process
Reference Model?
Process reference models integrate the well-known concepts of business process
reengineering, benchmarking, and process measurement into a cross-functional
framework.
Business
Process Best Practices Process
Reengineering Benchmarking Analysis Reference Model
Characterize the
management
practices and
software solutions Characterize the
that result in management practices
“best-in-class” and software solutions
performance that result in “best-in-class”
performance
1
A Process Reference Model Contains:
• Standard descriptions of management processes
• A framework of relationships among the standard processes
• Standard metrics to measure process performance
• Management practices that produce best-in-class performance
• Standard alignment to features and functionality
2
The Boundaries of Any
Model Must Be Carefully Defined
“From your supplier’s supplier to your customer’s customer”
SCOR spans:
• All customer interactions, from order entry through paid invoice
• All product (physical material and service) transactions, from your supplier’s supplier to your
customer’s customer, including equipment, supplies, spare parts, bulk product, software, etc.
• All market interactions, from the understanding of aggregate demand to the fulfillment of
each order
SCOR does not attempt to describe every business process or activity, including:
• Sales and marketing (demand generation)
• Research and technology development
• Product development
• Some elements of post-delivery customer support
Links can be made to processes not included within the model’s scope, such as product development,
and some are noted in SCOR.
Plan
Plan Plan
Deliver Source Make Deliver Source Make Deliver Source Make Deliver Source
3
Scope of SCOR Processes
Demand/Supply Planning and Management
Balance resources with requirements and establish/communicate plans for the whole supply chain,
including Return, and the execution processes of Source, Make, and Deliver.
Plan Management of business rules, supply chain performance, data collection, inventory, capital assets,
transportation, planning configuration, and regulatory requirements and compliance.
Align the supply chain unit plan with the financial plan.
4
A Process Reference
Model Differs from Classic
Process Decomposition Models
SCOR is a process reference model that provides a language for
communicating among supply-chain partners
Process decomposition models are developed to address
one specific configuration of process elements
Task
3 Used to represent many
Activities different configurations
of a similar process
Activities
4
Aggregate a series of
hierarchical process
models
5
SCOR Contains
Three Levels of Process Detail
Level
Return Return
P1.2
Resources with Supply-
Chain Requirements
Communicate
Supply-Chain Plans
• System capabilities required to
Identify, Assess, and
Aggregate Supply-Chain
support best practices
Resources
• Systems/tools
Companies “fine tune” their Operations
Strategy at Level 3.
6
Process Categories
Defined by the Relationship Between a SCOR Process and a Process Type
SCOR Process
Plan Source Make Deliver Return
Planning P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
Process Process
Type Execution S1- S3 M1- M3 D1 - D3 R1-R3 Category
Enable EP ES EM ED ER
Practitioners select appropriate process categories from the SCOR configuration toolkit to
represent their supply-chain configuration(s).
Return Processes associated with returning or receiving returned products for any reason.
These processes extend into post-delivery customer support
7
Performance Attributes and Level 1 Metrics
Level 1 Metrics are primary, high level measures that may cross multiple SCOR processes. Level 1 Metrics do not
necessarily relate to a SCOR Level 1 process (PLAN, SOURCE, MAKE, DELIVER, RETURN).
Performance Attributes
Customer-Facing Internal-Facing
Level 1 Metrics Reliabilty Responsiveness Flexibility Cost Assets
Perfect Order Fulfillment N
Order Fulfillment Cycle Time N
Upside Supply Chain Flexibility N
Upside Supply Chain Adaptability N
Downside Supply Chain Adaptability N
Supply Chain Management Cost N
Cost of Goods Sold N
Cash-to-Cash Cycle Time N
Return on Supply Chain Fixed Assets N
8
SCOR Version 7.0 Level 2 Toolkit
Plan
P1 Plan Supply Chain
Customers
Suppliers
D4 Deliver Retail
Product
9
SCOR Level 3
Presents Detailed Process Element Information for Process flow
Each Level 2 Process Category Inputs and outputs
Source of inputs
Output destination
• Receipt Verification
Outputs • Procurement Signal (Supplier)
(ES.1, ES.2, ES.6, ES.8)
• Receipt Verification
(ES.1, ES.2)
• Sourced Product on Order
(P2.2), (ES.9)
• Scheduled Receipts (M1.1, • (M) (D) Product Pull Signals
M2.1, M3.2, D1.8, D4.2) • (ES.4) Product Inventory Location
• (EM) WIP Inventory Location • (ES.9) Payment
• (ED) Finished Goods Inventory Location Terms
S1.4 S1.5
Transfer Authorize
Product Supplier
Payment
Inputs, outputs, and basic logic flow of process elements are captured.
10
Examples:
SCOR Level 3 Standard Process
Element Definition, Performance Attributes and Accompanying Metrics
11
Implementation of Supply-Chain Management Practices
within the Company Occurs at Level 4 (and below)
hierarchical process
Communicate
Contact Results to
Accounting Customer
decomposition
12
The Concept
of “Configurability”
A supply-chain configuration is driven by:
Plan levels of aggregation and information sources
Source locations and products
Make production sites and methods
Deliver channels, inventory deployment and products
Return locations and methods
SCOR must accurately reflect how a supply-chain’s configuration impacts
management processes and practices.
Each intersection of two execution processes (Source-Make-Deliver) is a “link” in the supply chain
Execution processes transform or transport materials and/or products
Each process is a customer of the previous process and a supplier to the next
Planning processes manage these customer-supplier links
Planning processes thus “balance” the supply chain
Every link requires an occurrence of a plan process category
13
How SCOR Logic Supports Horizontal Process Integration
Return Plan
Delivery Plan
Production Plan
Sourcing Plan
Planning
Process
Type Plan Source Plan Make Plan Deliver Plan Return
14
How SCOR Describes One SCM Trade-off
Make-to-Stock Configuration
Common SCM objective — achieve “market-winning” fulfillment time with the least inventory risk. Example:
“pure” make-to-stock configuration. Plan Deliver and Deliver activities are taken upon receipt of Customer Order.
Customer Order
Signal
Common SCM objective — achieve “market-winning” fulfillment time with the least inventory risk.
Example: replenish-to-order Deliver network. Plan Deliver activities are already in place and ready to be
executed when Customer Order Signal is received.
Customer Order
Signal
15
How SCOR Describes One SCM Trade-off
Make-to-Order Configuration
Common SCM objective — achieve “market-winning” fulfillment time with the least inventory risk. Example:
make-to-order configuration. Plan Make and Plan Deliver activities are already in place and ready to be executed
when Customer Order Signal is received.
Customer Order
Signal
Delivered Product
Common SCM objective — achieve “market-winning” fulfillment time with the least inventory risk. Example:
make-to-order configuration that extends through the Source process. All inter-enterprise planning functions are
already in place and ready to be executed when Customer Order Signal is received. This scheme requires some
degree of
intra-enterprise P1 Planning. See page 23.
Customer Order
Signal
Delivered Product
16
Configuring
Supply-Chain Threads
Configuring a supply-chain “thread” illustrates how SCOR configurations are
done. Each thread can be used to describe, measure, and evaluate supply-chain
configurations.
1. Select the business entity to be modeled (geography, product set, organization)
2. Illustrate the physical locations of:
• Production facilities (Make)
Distribution activities (Deliver)
• Sourcing activities (Source)
3. Illustrate primary point-to-point material flows using “solid line” arrows
4. Place the most appropriate Level 2 execution process categories to describe activities at each location
S2 Source Make-to-Order
M2 Make-to-Order D2 Deliver Make-to-Order
Product Product
17
Supply Chain Threads are Developed from the
Geographic Product Flow
Manufacturing Warehouse
(S1, D1)
(SR1, DR1, DR3)
(S1, S2
(S1) M1, D1)
(SR1, SR3) (SR1, SR3, DR3)
Warehouse
(S1, D1) European Supplier (S1)
(SR1, DR1, DR3) Warehouse (SR1, SR3)
(D2)
Latin American (S1, D1)
(DR1)
Suppliers (SR1, DR3)
Other Suppliers
(D1)
(D1)
Warehouse (S1)
(S1, D1) (SR1, SR3)
(SR1, DR1, DR3) (S1)
(SR1, SR3)
Suppliers Return
18
SCOR Process Maps are Used as a Basis for
Evaluating/Understanding the Supply Chain
P1
P1 P1 P1
P2 P3
P4
P3 P2
P4 P4
P2
European
RM S2 M2 D2
Suppliers
Key
Other
S1 M1 D1 S2 M1 D1 S1 D1 S1
RM
Suppliers
S1
19
In a Classic Logistics World
A change in a supply chain often “ripples” through each linkage, affecting other areas.
Plan Plan
Plan Plan
Plan Entity 6 Plan Plan
Entity 5 Entity 7
Entity 4 Make Entity 8
Source Deliver Entity 9
Deliver Source
Make
Change in Supply
(e.g. machine line breakdown)
The impact of a change can be felt both up and down the supply chain
A change in supply caused by a “production planner” may impact a “materials planner” and an “inventory
planner”
Further, such a change may impact both your customer’s and supplier’s supply-chain planning
20
SCOR Overview:
Summary
SCOR is a process reference model designed for effective communication
among supply-chain partners.
• A standard language helps management to focus on management issues
• As an industry standard, SCOR helps management focus across inter-company supply chains
21
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